Objective To evaluate the characteristics of intervertebral fusion using autologous tricortical iliac crest graft, Harms cage and Carbon cage in the goat cervical spine models. Methods Twenty-four goats underwent C3-4 discectomy and intervertebral fusion, the later was achieved each with 8 goats by the following methods: Group 1, autologous tricortical iliac crest bone graft; Group 2, Harms cage filled with autologous iliac crest graft; Group 3, Carbon cage filled with autologous iliac bone graft. Radiography was performed pre- and post- operatively and after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. At the same time points, disc space height (DSH), intervertebral angle (IVA), and lordosis angle (LA) were measured. After 12 weeks, the goats were killed and fused segments were harvested. All cervical fusion specimens underwent histomorphological studies. Results One week after operation, the DSH, IVA and LA of Carbon cage fused group were statistically greater than those of autologous iliac bone graft and Harms cage fused group (P

Objectives:This paper at measuring the inequity and its influencing factors of medical care utiliza-tion of elderly aged above 60 ( inclusive) . Methods:data comes from 2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study ( CHARLS) where the population aged 60 and above was selected as the research object. Concentration index ( CI) and its decomposition or centralized curve was used to measure the inequity of medical care services utilization of the elderly, and then the influencing factors of inequity were analyzed by means of the centralized index. Results:The concentration index for outpatient and inpatient service utilization for the elderly was 0 . 0619 and 0 . 1050 , re-spectively, and the concentration curves were below the absolute fair line. The top 2 factors that showed positive con-tribution to the outpatient service utilization included annual per capita consumption expenditure and the pension a-mount. The top 2 factors that showed negative contribution and larger contribution rate to the outpatient service utiliza-tion included New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance (NRCMI), and Physical Ability in Daily Life (PADL). The top 2 factors that positively and highly contributed to the inpatient service utilization included the household per capita consumption expenditure and the Urban Employees' Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI). The top 2 factors that nega-tively contributed to the inpatient service utilization included the New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance ( NRCMI) and the Physical Ability in Daily Life ( PADL) . The horizontal inequity of outpatient and inpatient service utilization was 0. 0739 and 0. 1339, respectively, indicating that there was unfairness in the use of outpatient and inpatient services among elderly. Conclusion:There is inequity of medical care service utilization among the elderly in China. The economic status contributes the largest part of inequity, meaning that it is unfair to the first contribution factor;while the Needs-based fac-tors and New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance (NRCMI) showed an inequity, narrowing the unfair gap.

How to construct the human social science in military medical universities is a new task in the process of medical education development.This article explores the relevant problems from both theory and practice.

Objective To discuss some expectation on reform of classroom teaching method for eight-year program medical education, in order to provide a basis for the evaluation and reform of classroom teaching method. Methods Investigation that mainly included expectation on reform of classroom teaching method, classroom teaching method of most expected application, and ex-pected value of classroom teaching method was investigated and analyzed with self-made question-naire, to total 78 medical students (22 of Grade 2008, 20 of Grade 2009, 20 of Grade 2010, 16 of Grade 2011) of eight-year program who had completed the stage before medical education in the uni-versity, and related 32 teachers. Software of SPSS 20.0 was used to make statistical analysis. Results In the survey, 55.8% students and 78.1% teachers hoped to reform the current classroom teaching methods (χ2=4.782,P=0.029). 61%students and 90.6% teachers expected comprehensive application of diverse method(χ2=15.464,P=0.017), including instruction combined with writing on blackboard, teaching by multimedia, PBL, inversion-type class, independent learning, a lot of questions for exami-nation, and so on. The value expectation (>60%) of classroom teaching method was multivariate, in-cluding to stimulate students' interest in learning, to cultivate ability of finding and solving problems, conducive to understanding of knowledge and memory, conducive to comprehension and memory of knowledge, conducive to cultivation of learning method, able to improve ability of creativity and criti-cal thinking, conducive to strengthening interaction and communication of teachers and students, to improve the subject consciousness of student in classroom, helpful to cultivate the spirit of teamwork, to improve the efficiency of teaching, and able to make full use of information technology. Conclusions For the diversified value demand and the highly expectation on reform of current classroom teaching method, more attention should be paid to evaluation and guidance on reform of classroom teaching method for eight-year program medical education.

Objective To discuss the effects of capsular tension ring after phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation on tilt and decentration of IOL in high myopia patients with cataract by ultrasonic biomicroscope (UBM).Methods A total of 36 cases (40 eyes) with high myopia and cataract underwent phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation were chosen.The average axial length was 26.88 mm.The patients were divided into implant group (19 eyes,the capsular tension ring was implanted) and control group (21 eyes,the routine surgery was performed).The patients were examined by conventional slit lamp,and the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA)was measured at pre-operation and postoperative 6 months.Tilt and decentration were measured horizontally and vertically,and total tilt and decentration were calculated by geometry method.Results The postoperative BCVA in the two groups were all better than the pre-operation,there was no statistical difference in the preoperative and postoperative BCVA between two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The horizontal,vertical and total decentration the implant group were (0.15 ± 0.07) mm,(0.30 ± 0.40) mm,(0.11 ±0.02)mm,respectively,which in the control group were (0.26 ± 0.19)mm,(0.32 ±0.60) mm,(0.24 ± 0.97) mm,respectively.The horizontal,vertical and total tilt in the implant group were 0.02° ±0.11°,0.70° ±0.25°,0.21° ±0.74°,respectively,which in the control group were 0.11 ° ± 0.31 °,1.09° ± 0.20°,1.24° ± 0.97°,respectively.There were statistical differences in the horizontal,total tilt and decentration between two groups (all P ＜ O.05),but no statistical difference in the vertical tilt and decentration (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The capsular tension ring can stable the IOL position after surgery in high myopia and cataract patients.

In recent years,medical colleges have generally accepted the higher education assessment(evaluation).How to put the good practices and experience we obtained during the educational assessment into the daily teaching management and achieve normalization of teaching evaluation is of great significance to continuously improving the teaching quality.It is the primary condition to establish the evaluation index system for evaluating clinical teaching quality by regular teaching assessment. In this paper,the author constructed a clinical teaching quality evaluation index system through systematic research and exploration.

Objective To investigate the effect of rapid rehabilitation nursing mode on postoperative complications in elderly patients with appendicitis. Methods Forty-eight elderly patients with appendicitis underwent surgery from July 2013 to June 2014 were set as the control group, and another fifty-three elderly patients from July 2014 to June 2015 as observation group. The patients in the control group were treated with routine care while the patients in the observation group with rapid rehabilitation nursing. Operative complications, gastrointestinal tumor recovery and postoperative hospitalization time were compared within one week after the operations between two groups. Result The rates of constipation, abdominal distention, chills and dysuria in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control and the time of anal first exhaust, defecation and postoperative hospitalization in the observation group were significantly lower or shorter than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion The rapid rehabilitation nursing mode based on evidence can reduce surgery complications in elderly patients, promoter recovery and shorten hospitalization time.

Objective to measure peripapillary atrophy(PPA)in glaucoma with high-resolution spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCt)and conventional color fundus photograph,and compare the consistency of the results between the two imaging methods. Methods A to-tal of 30 patients(54 eyes)with glaucoma from Department of Opthalmology,the First Hospital,China Medical University were prospectively includ-ed for the study. SD-OCt images and color fundus photographs taken through the region of PPA were qualitatively analyzed. the average width of β-PPA area in 6 reference lines centered optic nerve were measured using SD-OCt and color fundus photograph. Correlation and agreement between the two measuring methods were analyzed. Results the average width of β-PPA was 229.89±99.82 μm using color fundus photographs and 224.14±97.10 μm using SD-OCt,respectively. there was no significant difference(P = 0.280). the correlation coefficient was 0.825 between re-sults measured by SD-OCt and color fundus photographs for β-PPA area(P < 0.001),and agreement between the two methods was good(ICC=0.923,95% CI 0.870-0.954). Conclusion the correlation and consistency is good between SD-OCt and conventional color fundus photograph measuring β-PPA area. β-PPA area can be estimated with SD-OCt.

Objective To evaluate the reproducibility of macular ganglion cell layer(GCL)measurements with high?resolution spectral domain?optical coherence tomography(SD?OCT)in both normal people and glaucoma patients. Methods In this study,24 normal subjects and 21 glauco?ma patients were prospectively included. Macular GCL thickness in 9 areas defined by Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study was measured with Spectralis SD?OCT applying posterior pole asymmetry analysis pattern. Within?subject standard deviation(Sw),coefficient of variation(CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)in normal subjects and glaucoma patients were assessed. Results In normal subjects,the GCL thick?ness in macular central area was 12.58±2.69μm,the average GCL thickness in inner ring area was 48.87±3.81μm,the average GCL thickness in outer ring area was 37.28±1.75μm,and the GCL thickness mapping in normal subjects was horseshoe?shaped with opening to temporal. In glauco?ma patients,the GCL thickness in central area was 9.57±2.06μm,the average GCL thickness in inner ring area was 34.70±9.67μm,the average GCL thickness in outer ring area was 28.20±5.51μm,and the GCL thickness in every macular area in glaucoma eyes was thinner than that in normal eyes(P<0.001). For measurements of GCL thickness in normal subjects,Sw was 0.46 to 0.87μm,CV was 0.67%to 3.71%,and ICC was 0.904 to 0.977. For measurements of GCL thickness in glaucoma patients,Sw was 0.53 to 1.65μm,CV was 1.18%to 5.75%,and ICC was 0.833 to 0.993. Conclusion Spectralis SD?OCT had an excellent reproducibility for measurements of GCL thickness in both normal people and glaucoma patients, which is a reliable technique for evaluating longitudinal change and follow?up in glaucoma.

Objective To compare the contents and features of licensed pharmacist qualification examination papers between those in abroad and domestic in order to provide the informations for the reforming the examination in our country.Method The characteristics of licensed pharmacist qualification examination among USA、UK、Australia and China were analysed and compared with classified statistic by using excel software.Results The scene questions are the main type in the three examination papers(＞50％).There were fewer questions examining the memory ability of examinees in abroad examinations,than that of ours.There were one question just had objects of pharmaceutical care (0.18％) in our examination.In the inspection of pharmaceutical knowledge application ability for the practice test(＞60％),covering all aspects of pharmaceutical care; And Chinese licensed pharmacists exam basic no object and pharmaceutical care link information feedback(＞60％),and the others are theoretical knowledge(＞20％).And in the three abroad examinations other common questions were about clinical drug therapy (＞90％),while they were the knowledge of pharmaceutical analysis and pharmaceutics in domestic examination papers (41.97％).Conclusion Licensed pharmacist qualification examination in our country ignored the ability of employing pharmaceutical knowledge and developing pharmaceutical care.The reformation of the licensed pharmacist qualification examination in our country is extremely urgent.