Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension, and is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events. PA itself is clinically classified into the following two types: unilateral PA, mostly composed of aldosteroneproducing adenoma (APA); and bilateral hyperaldosteronism, consisting of multiple aldosterone-producing micronodules (APMs) and aldosterone-producing diffuse hyperplasia. Histopathologically, those disorders above are all composed of compact and clear cells. The cellular morphology in the above-mentioned aldosterone-producing disorders has been recently reported to be closely correlated with patterns of somatic mutations of ion channels including KCNJ5, CACNA1D, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, and others. In addition, in non-pathological adrenal glands, APMs are frequently detected regardless of the status of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Aldosterone-producing nodules have been also proposed as non-neoplastic nodules that can be identified by hematoxylin and eosin staining. These non-neoplastic CYP11B2-positive nodules could represent possible precursors of APAs possibly due to the presence of somatic mutations. On the other hand, aging itself also plays a pivotal role in the development of aldosterone-producing lesions. For instance, the number of APMs was also reported to increase with aging. Therefore, recent studies indicated the novel classification of PA into normotensive PA (RAAS-independent APM) and clinically overt PA.

Our hospital is responsible for acute care as part of a regional-based integral medical care center and uses Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC). We attempt to increase patient discharge rates within period II in the DPC / Per-Diem Payment System (DPC/PDPS). However, hospitalization of cerebrovascular disease patients tends to be prolonged by reduced activities of daily living caused by disease and patient background. Thus, we surveyed factors related to extended hospitalization of patients with cerebral infarction, who are among the largest number of patients with cerebrovascular disease. In this survey, we retrospectively analyzed 109 hospitalized patients who underwent medical treatment from May 2016 to March 2017. Patients were divided into two groups (within period II, and period III and above). We performed univariate and multivariate analysis on factors contributing to prolonged hospitalization. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that place of residence (pre- and posthospitalization) affected the hospitalization period. Among them, patients who were admitted from their homes and discharged to facilities other than their homes had the longest hospital stay. Interestingly, univariate analysis showed a significant difference (P<0.001) between the two groups in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission, while there was no significant difference (P = 0.65) with multivariate analysis. It implied that NIHSS score affected the decision about recuperation location after discharge, but not the hospitalization period. Based on our study, we identified key issues that need to be addressed: 1) the time to determine appropriate medical care after the acute phase, and 2) the waiting period for proper transfer. Therefore, to promptly discharge patients from hospital, we believe it is important to provide early intervention by ward nurses at the time of hospitalization, and to review our ongoing efforts to strengthen the system and enhance collaboration within our medical center.

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between the number of days that hospital visits were postponed and changes in clinical parameters due to the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), after the Japanese government declared a state of emergency in April 2020. Methods: Regarding the status of postponement of appointments, we analyzed the patients who had visited the Nihon University Hospital at Matsudo for more than 1 year for supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) and classified them into low-, moderate- and high-risk subgroups according to the periodontal risk assessment (PRA). Clinical parameters for periodontal disease such as probing depth (PD), full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS), full-mouth plaque score, periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), and periodontal epithelial surface area (PESA) were analyzed in 2 periods, from October 2019 to March 2020 and after April 2020.Correlation coefficients between days of deferral and the degree of changes in clinical parameters were calculated. Results: The mean age of the 749 patients was 67.56±10.85 years, and 63.82% were female.Out of 749 patients, 33.24% deferred their SPT appointments after April 2020. The average total of postponement days was 109.49±88.84. The number of postponement days was positively correlated with changes in average PD (rs=0.474) and PESA (rs=0.443) in the high-risk subgroup of FMBS, and average PD (rs=0.293) and PESA (rs=0.253) in the highrisk subgroup of tooth number (TN). Patients belonging to the high-risk subgroups for both FMBS and TN had a positive correlation between postponement days and PISA (rs=0.56). Conclusions The findings, the spread of COVID-19 appears to have extended the visit interval for some SPT patients. Moreover, longer visit intervals were correlated with the worsening of some clinical parameters for SPT patients with high PRA.