Objective To investigate the association between HbA1c status,arterial stiffness and endothelial function in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods The study group consisted of 338 DM patients,including 74 subjects with normal HbA1c(≤ 6.0％)(Group A),102 subjects with mildly increased HbA1c(HbA1C increased by less than 6.5％)(Group B)and 162 patients with high HbA1c level (HbA1c increased by more than 6.5％)(Group C).All patients were evaluated for glucose,HbA1c,TC and TG.Pulse wave velocity(PWV)and flow-mediated dialation(FMD)were performed simultaneously.Results Compared with Group A,Group B and C had higher baPWV([1734 ± 343]cm/s vs.[1537 ± 313]cm/s and [1853 ± 364]cm/s vs.[1537 ± 313]cm/s).Patients in Group C had a higher baPWV than those in Group B ([1853 ± 364]cm/s vs.[1734 ± 343]cm/s,P =0.006).The patients in group A had a lower level of FMD than that of group B and C([4.20±3.13]％ vs[5.29±3.92]％,[4.09±2.79]％ vs.[5.29±3.92]％,P＜0.01).Leaner association analysis showed a positive correlation between baPWV and HbAlc(r =0.53,P ＜0.01).baPWV was negatively correlated with FMD(r =-0.25,P ＜0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that HbA1c(OR32.19％,CI 11.26 ～53.12,P＜0.001),age(OR 14.21,95％ CI 11.43 ～ 17.00,P＜0.001),systolic blood pressure(OR 7.36,95％ CI 6.12-8.59)and TC(OR:0.31,95％ CI:9.97-70.64)were independent predictors for the increased arterial stiffness(baPWV).Conclusion Arterial stiffness parameters varied significantly across subgroups of patients with different levels of HbA1c and the arterial stiffness was positively associated with deranged glucose homeostasis.

The specialized teacher troop is the discipline construction,the development key,the teaching leading force and the personnel training quality guarantee. At present stage the quantity and quality of the specialized public health management teacher staff in our school have gradually become the bottleneck for the career development. Only by sharpening teachers' scientific research ability unceasingly, enhances teachers ' individual accomplishment and the teacher troop's overall quality,improving their work quality,can we adapt to the career devel-opment under the new situation.

Objective To evaluate the factors influencing the reproducibility and validity of food group intakes measured by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Chinese men. Methods A total of 214 adult men were randomly selected from the Shanghai Men Health Study (SMHS), an ongoing cohort study conducted in urban Shanghai. Each subject who had completed the first FFQ survey at recruitment took 24-hour dietary recall (24-HDR) surveys which were conducted once a month for 12 consecutive months and a second FFQ at the end of the study. Two FFQs were administered approximately 1.2 years apart. The food items listed in FFQ and obtained from 24-HDR were categorized into 11 food groups. The factors influencing the reproducibility of the FFQ was assessed by comparing the Pearson correlation of intake levels from the two FFQs, while the factors influencing the validity was evaluated by comparing intake levels from the second FFQ with the multiple 24-HDRs. Results A total of 195 men completed all 12 times of 24-HDR and twice FFQ surveys. The median Pearson correlation coefficients of the food groups between the two FFQs in older vs younger age group were 0.62 vs 0.50;in higher vs lower education level group were 0.58 vs 0.50;in higher vs lower income group were 0.51 vs 0.50;in higher vs lower BMI group were 0.50 vs 0.49. The median Pearson correlation coefficients of the food groups between the second FFQ and 24-HDRs in older vs younger age group were 0.61 vs 0.45;in higher vs lower education level group were 0.49 vs 0.47;in higher vs lower income group were 0.43 vs 0.57;in higher vs lower BMI group were 0.48 vs 0.51. Conclusions Age is the main factor influencing the reproducibility of the food group intakes by a FFQ used in the SMHS, while the factors influencing the validity are age and family income.

Through the analysis of current situation of the setup of local professional institutions,the principles and characteristics,the author put forward countermeasures and suggestions to optimize the local medical professional institutions’ setup,to help local medical institutions’development and improve the quality of medicinal higher education.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of combined detection of blood osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) for in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 142 patients who received post-PCI coronary angiography (CAG) in our hospital were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on if there were ISR condition: ISR group,n=21and Non-ISR group,n=121. The blood levels of OPN and MMP-9 were detected upon the follow-up CAG conduction and the basic clinical information with biochemical indexes were compared between 2 groups. Results: Blood levels of OPN and MMP-9 were signiifcantly higher in ISR group than those in Non-ISR group,P<0.001. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated levels of OPN and MMP-9 were the independent risk factors for post-PCI ISR occurrence (OR=2.861 and OR=3.343,P<0.01). The ROC area of OPN and MMP-9 for predicting post-PCI ISR occurrence were 0.821 and 0.887,P<0.001. Taking the optimal cut off value of OPN at 3.68 ng/ml and MMP-9 at 415.24 ng/ml, the combined detection could increase the sensitivity of detection (90.48%) and the negative predictive value (98.06%). Conclusion: Blood levels of OPN and MMP-9 are closely related to ISR occurrence in post-PCI patients, combined detection has certain predictive value for ISR occurrence, especially for negative predictive value.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the revision of pharmaceutical talents training plan in higher vocational colleges. METHODS:Selecting parts of freshmen,sophomores and junior students majoring in pharmacy in our hospital as subjects, questionnaires were conducted for the effect of hospital“pharmacy trusteeship”policy on their employment selection,and the results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS:Totally 190,390,320 questionnaires were received from junior students,sophomores and freshmen. The surveyed students knew less about“pharmacy trusteeship”policy,only a maximum by junior students of 35.79%(comparison of different grades P<0.05);while among the surveyed students from different career directions,the highest awareness rate about“pharmacy trusteeship”policy was from the students whose hospital pharmacy(41.30%-45.21%)(comparison of different career direction P>0.05). The career direction of hospital pharmacy had the highest proportion of surveyed students in each grade(38.42%-53.13%),especially the freshmen(comparison of different grades P<0.05,comparison of different career direction in a same grade P<0.05). But after knowing the policy,the surveyed students had the lowest recognition for the original career direction,especially the junior students(64.38%)(comparison of different career direction P<0.05). The surveyed freshmen and sophomores were firstly concerned the stability and then the welfare and income of the job,the surveyed junior students were firstly concerned the welfare and income and then authorized strength and the stability of the job. CONCLUSIONS:The pharmacy trusteeship policy has not yet been fully implemented,its effect on employment selection of higher vocational students majoring in pharmacy is relatively backward and the deeper effects have not been appeared completely.

Objective To established a method for the determination of puerarin. Method The sample solutions were pretreated by solid phase extraction (SPE): the specimens were eluted and the cartridges saturated gradually by them in the SPE, but the strongly absorbed impurities were held by the cartridges all the same, and then the effluents were measured by HPLC. Results The linear range of puerarin was 0.205～ 2.464? g, r=0.9999. The average recovery of puerarin in Xintong Oral Liquid, Radix Purerariae and Ganmao Zhike Capsule were 99.5 % , 99.9 % and 98.5 % , RSD were 1.67 % , 1.45 % and 0.95 % (n=5) respectively. Conclusion The method is simple and accurate and can be used for the determination of puerarin in the Chinese patent medicines containing Radix Purerariae. 

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of confoeal laser endomicroscopy(CLE) in histological gastritis.Methods A total of 149 patients underwent CLE.Standard locations and focal lesions were examined by confocal imaging, and specimens were taken by targeted biopsy.The relationship between confocal images and histological findings were studied systemically.Results The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of CLE in diagnosis of atrophy were 83.6%,99.6%and 97.5%,respectively;and those in moderate to severe neutrophil infiltration were 81.9%,99.3%,and 95.8%,respectively.The mean kappa values for inter-and intra-observer agreement on the classification of confocal images in groups were 0.749 and 0.811 respectively.Conclusion The validity and reproducibility of CLE in diagnosis of histologic gastritis are promising,which might warrant its further application in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of icariin against varicocele-induced damage on rat epididymis. Methods Forty adolescent male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n=10), experimental varicocele (EV) group (n=15), icariin (ICA) therapy group (n=15). Experimental varicocele model in the EV group and ICA group was established. The EV was induced by partial ligation of the left renal vein. The rats in the control group underwent a sham operation that separated the spermatic vessels without ligation. Each rat in the control group and EV group was lavaged with 2 mL physiological saline every day for 6 weeks. Each rat in the ICA group was lavaged with icariin [100 mg/(kg·d)] for 6 weeks. Rats in all groups were executed after 6 weeks. The contents of sialic acid were measured by spectrophotometry. Carnitine concentrations were measured by DTNB. HE stain was used to observe the microstructure changes in the epididymal tissue. Electron microscopy was used for observing the ultrastructural changes of the epididymis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to detect the apoptosis of the epididymal epithelium. Results Compared with the control group, the microstructure and ultrastructure of the epididymis in EV group showed pathological damage. Compared with the EV group, the damage of the epididymal microstructure and ultrastructure significantly alleviated. Apoptosis index (AI) of epididymal epithelium in the EV group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). However, AI of epididymal epithelium in the ICA group was significantly lower than that in the EV group (P < 0.01). The sialic acid and carnitine concentrations of the epididymis in the EV group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01), respectively. However, the sialic acid and carnitine concentrations of the epididymis in the ICA group was significantly higher than that in the EV group (P < 0.01), respectively. Conclusion This study indicates that varicocele could result in the apoptosis of epididymal epithelium and icariin decreased the varicocele-induced apoptosis , suggesting that varicocele could damage the structure and function of epididymis, which can be repaired by icariin.

Insulin resistance in insulin sensitive organ results in metabolic disorder such as hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyper triglyceridemia which are common features of type 2 diabetes.Insulin resistance in liver cells mainly causes impaired glycogen synthesis, failed to suppress glucose production which is the major contribution to hyperglycemia.FGF-21 as a new metabolic regulator can control fasting blood glucose.The mechanism of FGF-21 effects on regulating plasma glucose has little to known.In order to establish an in vitro insulin resistant model of liver cells and evaluate the effects and mechanism of FGF-21 on glucose metabolism in the cell model, HepG2 cells were incubated with 10-7 mol/L insulin for 24 h to build insulin-resistant cell model.To evaluate the cells for insulin resistance, the cells were stimulated with fresh insulin for 24 h and the glucose uptake by these cells was carried out.The insulin-resistant cells were treated with different concentrations of FGF-21 for 24 h and insulin-treated cells were used as a control.The glucose uptake by the cells was detected by the method of glucose oxidizes/peroxides(GOD-POD);the synergy between insulin and FGF-21 was evaluated.The mRNA expression of GLUT1 in the insulin-resistant cells was detected by the real-time PCR.Glycogen synthesis of the cells was examined by the anthrone method.The results showed that HepG2 cells treated with 10-7 mol/L insulin for 24 h became resistant to insulin and the insulin resistance status was maintained for 48 h without change of cell morphology.FGF-21 could stimulate glucose consumption of the insulin-resistant model in a dose-dependent manner.The glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis of the insulin-resistant model were significantly improved by FGF-21 treatment.FGF-21 showed strong synergy with insulin in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis of the model cells.While the cells became resistant to insulin, FGF-21 could increase the mRNA expression of GLUT1.Thus, It is concluded that FGF-21 stimulates glucose uptake in insulin resistant HepG2 cells through GLUT1 expression, stimulates glycogen synthesis and improves the glucose metabolism in the insulin resistant liver cell model.