In this paper , the authors retrieved and screened the related literature of medical workplace vio-lence, and introduced the research situation of workplace violence among medical staff in order to provide a refer -ence for the further research .

ObjectiveTo discuss the application of medical elastic stockings in nursing of patients with deep venous thrombosis formation. Methods62 patients diagnosed as acute lower limbs deep ve-nous thrombosis from January, 2005 to January, 2008 were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control groups with 31 patients in each group, the control group took general nursing measures, the experimental group used the medical elastic stockings based on the general care measures, The inci-dence of post- thrombosis syndrome was observed in two groups and underwent χ2 test. ResultsAfter two years follow- up, 2 patients relapsed and 3 patients appeared post- thrombosis syndrome in the experimental group, 8 patients relapsed and 10 patients had post-thrombosis syndrome in the control group. The relapse rate and incidence rate of peat-thrombosis syndrome in the control group were higher than those of the experimental group. ConclusionsThe use of medical elastic stockings can prevent acute lower limbs deep venous throm-bosis, and can reduce the symptoms of post-thrombosis syndrome, which deserves to be spread widely.

Objective To investigate the value of CT pulmonary artery obstruction index (PAOI)in evaluating the severity in patients of pulmonary embolism (PE)by a correlation study between CT PAOI and right ventricular function parameters and arterial blood gas analysis index.Methods CT PAOI,right ventricular function parameters and arterial blood gas analysis index were collected from 70 patients with PE,who had received CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA)examination in our hospital.Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the PAOI and right ventricular/left ventricular maximum short axis diameter ratio (RVd/LVd),main pulmonary artery diameter (MPAd),superior vena cava diameter (SVCd),arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2 ),arterial carbon dioxide into pressure (PaCO2 ),oxygen saturation (SaO2 ),Alveolar arterial oxygen partial pressure difference (P(A-a)O2 ).Results PAOI and PaO2 were negative correlation,the correlation coefficient was -0.442;PAOI and RVd/LVd, MPAd,SVCd,P(A-a)O2 were positively related,correlation coefficients ranged between 0.163-0.675;PAOI was not related to SaO2 .Conclusion CT PAOI can be used to evaluate the severity of PE,it is not consistent with the severity of the patient’s clinical condition.

Objective To assess the awareness and knowledge about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) among community general practitioners and general practice residency trainees in Shanghai.Methods Questionnaire was designed and used to investigate the knowledge of COPD among 59 general practitioners from 10 community health centres and 75 general practice trainees in Shanghai from July to September 2012.Results Of the 134 respondents, 49 were male and 85 were female with average age of (30.4 ±8.0) years.In the self-evaluation of “the knowledge about COPD”, “the diagnosis of COPD”,“the differential diagnosis of COPD and asthma”, “the interpretation of lung function report”, “aerosol using method”, “method about absorption apparatus”, “the side effects of bronchodilator”, “COPD rehabilitation” and “long term oxygen therapy, the rates of knowledge mastery were 61.9% ( 83/134 ) , 81.3%(108/133), 83.6% (112/134), 59.0% (79/134), 83.6% (93/134), 35.8% (48/134), 61.2%( 82/134 ) , 56.7% ( 76/134 ) and 61.2% ( 72/134 ) .Except interpretation of “lung function report”, the sores of all items in self-evaluation of the community general practitioners were higher than those of residency trainees ( all P<0.01 ) .Among the COPD related questions, the hightest accuracy rate was 93.3%(125/134) ( smoking cessation can attenuate the declined lung function) and the lowest accrurcy rate was 16.4% ( 22/134 ) ( the differential diagnosis of COPD and asthma ) .Compared with the general practice residents, community general practitioners got lower scores in question “how differentiate COPD from asthma” (6.8%vs.24.0%,χ2 =7.136, P=0.008) and got higher scores in question“the treatment of moderate COPD” (55.9%vs.30.7%,χ2 =8.655, P=0.003).More than half [56.7%(76/134)] of respondents thought that“it is necessary to develop COPD screening in community”, and 20.1%(27/134) thought that“absolutely necessary”.Conclusion The awareness and knowledge about COPD among the community general practitioners and general practice residency trainees are not satisfectory. The future training should focus on the risk factors, the differential diagnosis and treatment of COPD.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of combined detection of blood osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) for in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 142 patients who received post-PCI coronary angiography (CAG) in our hospital were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on if there were ISR condition: ISR group,n=21and Non-ISR group,n=121. The blood levels of OPN and MMP-9 were detected upon the follow-up CAG conduction and the basic clinical information with biochemical indexes were compared between 2 groups. Results: Blood levels of OPN and MMP-9 were signiifcantly higher in ISR group than those in Non-ISR group,P<0.001. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated levels of OPN and MMP-9 were the independent risk factors for post-PCI ISR occurrence (OR=2.861 and OR=3.343,P<0.01). The ROC area of OPN and MMP-9 for predicting post-PCI ISR occurrence were 0.821 and 0.887,P<0.001. Taking the optimal cut off value of OPN at 3.68 ng/ml and MMP-9 at 415.24 ng/ml, the combined detection could increase the sensitivity of detection (90.48%) and the negative predictive value (98.06%). Conclusion: Blood levels of OPN and MMP-9 are closely related to ISR occurrence in post-PCI patients, combined detection has certain predictive value for ISR occurrence, especially for negative predictive value.

Objective To investigate the association between the Adiponectin rs266729 and rs2241766 gene polymorphisms and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the Han Chinese population residing in Qingdao. Methods Adiponectin rs266729 and rs2241766 gene polymorphisms were genotyped in patients with NAFLD (n = 336) and healthy controls (n = 280) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum lipid profiles and adiponectin levels were determined using biochemical methods. Statistical analyses were performed using Pearson Chi square test, logistic regression analysis, t test, linear regression analysis. Results We found a significant association between the Adiponectin rs266729 genotype frequencies and allele frequencies between NAFLD pa-tients and controls (χ2= 9.929, P = 0.007; χ2= 9.809, P = 0.002). After adjustment of confounding factor, the rs266729 G allele was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD compared to the C allele (OR = 1.410, 95%CI: 1.082-1.831, P = 0.008) No significant differences were found in the rs2241766 genotype frequencies and allele frequencies between NAFLD population and the controls (OR = 1.410, 95%CI: 1.082-1.831, P = 0.008). Conclusion The Han Chinese in Qingdao carrying the rs266729 G allele are at increased risk of NAFLD.

Funding of research projects within the category of Endemiology (H2401) funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) from 2010-2019 was summarized in this paper. Granted projects were categorized and analyzed based on the funding type, support institute and disease classification. The characteristics and trends of granted projects supported by NSFC were analyzed and summarized in order to provide reference for researchers to apply for projects in the future.

Objective To introduce a new method for correcting prominent malar complex deformity. Methods Through an intraoral incision, the highest area of zygomatic body marked preoperatively was grinded. Then an L shape incomplete osteotomy of the zygomatic body was performed with a reciprocating saw, and a complete osteotomy just 1 cm anterior to the articular tubercle of the zygomatic arch was made. Light pressure on the posterior part of the arch produced a greenstick fracture of the anterior osteotomy site, resulting in posterior-inward repositioning of the malar complex. Internal fixation was unnecessary. Results Operative procedures for reductive malar complex plasty were performed in 650 cases, which included 60 males and 590 females whose age ranged from 19 to 39 years.Incisions of all cases healed well. One case had maxillary sinusitis 2 weeks postoperatively, and recovered after 1 week by using antibiotics and drainage. There was 1 case with skin necrosis about 1 cm in diameter in the area of zygomatic body because of local liposuction, and the wound was healed by changing dressing. The forehead wrinkle of one side had disappeared in 1 case 1 week postoperatively, but had recovered 2 weeks later. Postoperative follow-up for 2-24 months showed satisfactory results.Conclusions This modified method has many advantages, such as simplicity, without internal fixation, short operation and recovery time, and little complications. The authors conclude that this technique is an effective and safe method of reduction malarplasty.

Objective To determine the neuronal damage or loss and gliosis at the cellular level in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease(SCA3/MJD), and evaluate the potential use of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and protein S 100 B(S100B) serum concentrations as biochemical markers. Methods Serum concentrations of NSE and S100B were measured in 102 SCA3/MJD patients and 100 healthy subjects matched by sex and age. The correlations between both markers and age, age of onset, disease duration, CAG repeat size, scores of international cooperative ataxia rating scale(ICARS), and scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia(SARA) were analyzed. Results Compared with the healthy controls, patients with SCA3/MJD had higher NSE serum concentrations [(6.95±2.83)ng/mL vs (4.83±1.70) ng/mL, P<0.05] and higher S100B serum concentrations [(0.07±0.06) ng/mL vs (0.05±0.02) ng/mL, P<0.05]. In the SCA3/MJD patients group, NSE levels presented a positive correlation with age, disease duration, ICARS scores and SARA scores, whereas S100B levels did not correlate with age, age of onset, disease duration, ICARS scores and SARA scores. CAG repeat size did not correlate with the NSE levels and S100B levels in different age groups of SCA3/MJD patients. Conclusion Serum NSE might be a useful marker to monitor disease progression and represent the degree of severity of a certain disease. Elevated S100B serum concentrations in patients compared to healthy controls may suggest an application of this protein as a peripheral marker of brain impairment in SCA3/MJD.

Objective To investigate the supporting policies of assistant general practioner training program (3 + 2 mode) in Shanghai.Methods Total 53 subjects were involved in 15 in-depth interviews and 5 focus group discussions held from October 2012 to October 2013,including 8 graduates from the specialty of country doctor of Shanghai Institute of Health Sciences,12 country doctors,2 leaders of 3 + 2 mode training hospital,5 leaders of rural community health centers,3 leaders of Shanghai Institute of Health Sciences,9 leaders of Commission of Health and Family Planning in Shanghai suburbs,3 leaders of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning,1 leader of National Health and Family Planning Commission.Results Three leaders of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning admitted the training program involved multiple departments and there were no unified supporting policies,2 leaders of Commission of Health and Family Planning in Shanghai suburbs thought the enrollment amount should be appropriately controlled.The exploration of social person (non-formal employees)mode was encouraged by the leaders of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning.Leaders of rural community health centers strongly recommended to increase the selection and withdrawal mechanism to ensure the quality of students and training.Three leaders of rural Commission of Health and Family suggested to enroll student from other provinces.Leaders of rural community health centers and Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning agreed that qualifying as assistant general practioner was an important target of training which should be obtained before graduation.All 3 + 2 mood trainees had a strong expectation to get a bachelor degree at the same time of completing the training.Leaders of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning and 3 + 2 mode training hospitals proposed to pay attention to the construction of training base and teacher training.About one third of the 3 + 2 mood trainees,graduates from the specialty of country doctor of Shanghai Institute of Health Sciences and country doctors hoped to get more space for development.Leaders of rural community health centers and Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning considered that the qualification of assistant general practioner should be the minimal recruitment for recruitment of new medical personel.Leaders of Shanghai Institute of Health Sciences and 3 + 2 mode training hospital suggested the relevant departments to support the new country doctors in terms of income,promotion policies and so on.Conclusions The supporting policies of the pilot 3 + 2 training in Shanghai are imperfect.It can be improved from organization,management,training implementation and career development.Effective support policies can help to generalize the 3 + 2 training.