Objective To study influences of magnetic field on behavior of depressive rats under chronic unpredictable mild stress,and possible mechanisms under such phenomena.Methods Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into model group,magnetic field group and control group (n =12 in each group) according to random number table.The model group and the magnetic field group received CUMS stimulation daily for 5 weeks,while the control group received no any treatment.At the end of the fifth week,rats in the magnetic field group were placed in the center of a magnetic machine (400 mT),and the model group was raised freely for4 weeks.The severity of depressive behaviors,cortisol levels and contents of C-reactive protein in blood and urine sample were tested pre-treatment,at the end of 5 weeks and 9 weeks.Results After 5 weeks,consumption of glucose solution of the control group was higher than the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).After 5 and 9 weeks,body weights of the magnetic group and the model group were lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).At the end of 9 weeks,performance of the magnetic group as indicated by frequency of grid crossing,grooming time and suspending tail test were improved to a significantly greater extent than the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the urine content of cortisol in 24 hours in magnetic field and model groups was higher than the control group at the end of 5 weeks,and the serum level of cortisol in the magnetic field group were significantly higher than the model group at the end of 9 weeks (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The 400mT magnetic field can reduce the severity of behavior changes of rats with CUMS-induced depression,which might be attributable to its influence on the cortisol levels in blood and urine.

With the advance of drug development and research techniques, the drug metabolic processes and mechanism can be more deeply achieved. As the drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics process are mediated by drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, study of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters has become an important part for drug development. The traditional immunoassays with low sensitivity and poor specificity can not reflect the accurate expression level of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. We now give a brief review on the quantitative study of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters by mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of confoeal laser endomicroscopy(CLE) in histological gastritis.Methods A total of 149 patients underwent CLE.Standard locations and focal lesions were examined by confocal imaging, and specimens were taken by targeted biopsy.The relationship between confocal images and histological findings were studied systemically.Results The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of CLE in diagnosis of atrophy were 83.6%,99.6%and 97.5%,respectively;and those in moderate to severe neutrophil infiltration were 81.9%,99.3%,and 95.8%,respectively.The mean kappa values for inter-and intra-observer agreement on the classification of confocal images in groups were 0.749 and 0.811 respectively.Conclusion The validity and reproducibility of CLE in diagnosis of histologic gastritis are promising,which might warrant its further application in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and etiology in infants undergoing colonoscopy in order to improve the understandings of lower gastrointestinal tract diseases and their endoscopic manifestations.Methods The clinical and endoscopic data of the infants aged ≤ 3 years old who underwent conoloscopy at the Department of Gastroenterology,Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,from July 2010 to December 2014,were retrospectively analyzed.A total of 223 children were included,148 male and 75 female.The age range was from 26 d to 3 years old(＜6 months:41 cases;6-12 months:68 cases;1-3 years old:114 cases).Results A total of 235 colonoscopies were performed under deep sedation by single or double manipulators.Cecal intubation was successful in 192 colonoscopies and terminal ileal intubation was completed in 29 colonoscopies,with a high success rate of 94.0％ (221/235 colonoscopies).The main symptoms included hematochezia (124 cases,55.6％),persistent/chronic diarrhea (55 cases,24.7％),hematochezia with chronic diarrhea(22 cases,9.5％),and others(22 cases,9.5％).Of the 223 patients,clear diagnosis were established for 215 children (96.4％),with food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIPC) (78/223 cases,35.0％),colonic polyps (50/223 cases,22.4％),colitis (29/223 cases,13.0％),antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) (19/223 cases,8.5％),FPIPC with AAD (10/223 cases,4.5％).Conclusions Colonoscopy serves as a very important tool for the accurate diagnosis of lower gastrointestinal diseases with hematochezia and/or chronic diarrhea.FPIPC and colonic polyps are the most common causes for hematochezia and/or chronic diarrhea.AAD may be another important cause of chronic diarrhea and bloody stool in infants.Moreover,ghe application of colonoscopy in combination with histopathology can also play an important role in the diagnosis of some rare diseases,such as intestinal tuberculosis,primary intestinal lymphangiectasia,Behcet's disease and primary immunodeficiency disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of anti-epileptic soup on the levds of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in pentylenetetrazol-induced rats and its mechanism.Methods Healthy adult male SD rats were injected intraperitoneally with pentylenetetrazol kindling 35.0mg/kg to induce a rat epilepsy model.After successful construction of the epilepsy model,the rats were divided into four the groups:blank group,model group,anti -epileptic soup group and sodium valproate (VPA) group.All of the treatments were performed three times a day continuously for 28 days.The rats in the anti-epileptic soup group were given 6ml of anti-epileptic soup.The rats in the VPA group were given 400mg/kg of sodium valproate by garage.The rats in blank group and model group received 6ml of normal saline.After treatment,the seizures level was recorded by using the Diehl six point grading scale,and the expression of serum IL-2 and IL-6 were detected by the enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA).Results The seizure level of the model group was (4.23 ± 0.43),while that of the anti-epileptic group was (3.47 ± 0.39),indicated that the anti-epileptic soup can reduce the seizures level.The expressions of IL-2 (4.18 ± 0.41)pg/mL and IL-6 (350.0 ± 82.5) pg/mL of the model group were higher than those of the blank group [IL-2 (3.20 ± 0.36) pg/mL,IL-6 (260.2 ± 69.0) pg/mL,P ＜ 0.01],while the expressions of IL-2 (3.48 ± 0.44) pg/mL and IL-6 (287.5 ±74.6) pg/mL of the anti-epileptic group were lower compared with the control group (P ＜0.01).No significant difference was found between the anti-epileptic group and VPA group IL-2 (3.35 ± 0.56) pg/mL and IL-6 (253.8 ± 59.8) pg/mL(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The anti-epileptic soup is effective for treating epilepsy in rats,the possible mechanism may be related with downregulating the expression of IL-2 and IL-6.

Objective The three-dimensional reconstructed images of maximum intensity projection (MIP) for membranous labyrinth and internal auditory meatus in Chinese adults were observed and measured in order to provide anatomic basis for otolosurgery and nerosurgery. Methods Thirty inner ears of 15 volunteers were scanned by using a circular temporal coil and three-dimension fast spin echo sequence with a 1^5T GE-signal MRI scanner. All original images were transferred to MRI workstation and all the structures of inner ear were reconstructed, rotated from various angles and measured by using maximum intensity projection. All the data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 software. Results Anatomic structures of membranous labyrinth and internal auditory meatus were well demonstrated in three-dimensional reconstructed images of MIP in all volunteers. All three semicircular ducts, utricle, saccule, cochlear duct and internal auditory meatus produced high intensity signal. The results of measurement were statistically in significant.Conclusion Three-dimensional reconstruction of MlP might document, lively, stereoscopically and directly, the minute structures of membranous labyrinth and internal auditory meatus. We provide the basic data for the establishment of the MRI measurement criterion of inner ear.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between changes in Golgi apparatus morphological structure and endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice.Methods:Twenty healthy male C57BL/6J mice, weighing 18-20 g, aged 6-8 weeks, were divided into 2 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group Sham) and endotoxin-induced ALI group (group ALI). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 10 mg/kg was injected intravenously in group ALI, while the equal volume of normal saline 0.5 ml was given instead in group Sham.The animals were sacrificed at 12 h after LPS injection and the lung tissues were taken for detection of the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), for observation of the pathological changes (using HE staining) and Golgi apparatus morphological structure (with a transmission electron microscope) and for determination of expression of Golgi matrix protein 130 (GM130), Golgin97 and mannosidase alpha class II member 1 (MAN2A1) and its mRNA (by Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction). Results:Compared with group Sham, ROS content and the W/D ratio in lung tissues were significantly increased, GM130, MAN2A1, Golgin97 protein and its mRNA expression were down-regulate ( P<0.01), the pathological changes of lung tissues were accentuated, the Golgi cisternae was swollen, and Golgi fragments were dispersed in the cytoplasm in group ALI. Conclusion:The mechanism of endotoxin-induced ALI may be related to the changes in Golgi apparatus morphological structure.

BACKGROUND: In vitro isolation and culture of neural stem/progenitor cells will provide a good cell model for the study of neurodevelopment, neurological diseases, and neural transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To study the highly effective method for isolation and expansion of hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells from newborn mice, and to identify the proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells using improved adherent culture method. METHODS: Neural stem/progenitor cells were isolated from the hippocampus of newborn C57BL/6 mice and were expanded for several passages. Combination of polylysine and laminin were used for adherent culture to promote cell attachment. Morphological observation and immunofluorescence cytochemical staining were conducted to detect the expression of neural progenitor-specific marker protein Nestin and proliferation index Ki-67. After 7 days of induction and differentiation, the expression of GFAP, DCX, Tuj1 and S100β was detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: About 82％ of the cultured neural stem/progenitor cells expressed Nestin, and about 49％ expressed Ki-67. A small number of cells were DCX-positive neurons after induction and differentiation, while most of the cells were positive for GFAP. The ratio of neurons to astrocytes was 1:1.7 identified by Tuj1 and S100β double staining. The neural stem/progenitor cells derived from the hippocampus were efficiently isolated and cultured. The cell proliferation and differentiation abilities were effectively identified after adherent culture, which can provide sufficient cell sources for further experimental research.

Objective To investigate influencing factors of disability after craniocerbral injury caused by road traffic accident.Methods We collected 486 cases with craniocerebral injury caused by traffic accident,and conducted analysis.Factors related to disability were found by univariate analysis,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to filter the most important factors.Results Degrees of brain injury,drunk driving,age and types of accident were the major influencing factors.Drunk driving and age were positively related with disability grade while the degree of brain injury and type of accident were negatively related.Concuusiorn It is helpful to reduce disability and the burden on society by taking intervening measures on the related factors of disability after brain injury in road traffic accident.

Objective To explore the influencing factors on short -term efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis with rt -PA.Methods The clinical data of the 95 acute ischemic stroke(AIS)patients who received thrombolytic therapy were analyze.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the possible influencing factors. Results Fifty -six(58.95%)patients had favourable outcomes after thrombolytic therapy for 24 hours.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that diabetes(OR =3.933,95% CI 1.199 ~12.897)and TOAST classification (OR =1.448,95% CI 1.032 ~2.032 )were the independent predictors of short -term outcome.Conclusion Diabetes and TOAST classification are the major influencing factors of short -term efficacy after intravenous thrombolysis with rt -PA.It should pay attention screening patients for intravenous thrombolysis therapy and predicting the efficacy of thrombolysis.