The plant resources, distribution, extraction, pharmacological effects and its application in medicine of flavonoids procyanidins were reviewed based on the literature, in order to provide the basis for further application and comprehensive development.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of day surgery holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for urinary tract calculi.Methods A total of 294 cases of urinary tract calculi were treated with ureteroscopic holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy from October 2010 to September 2011.There were 147 cases for day surgery and 147 cases for inpatient surgery group.The time of waiting to be admitted,success rate,operative time,intraoperative and postoperative complications,hospitalization costs were analyzed in each group.Results The mean operative time of the day surgery group and the inpatient surgery group was 46.4± 16.5 and 52.1± 18.3 min.The difference in the mean operative time between the two groups was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).The stone free rate was not statistically significant between the day surgery group (95.9％) and the inpatient surgery group (92.5％,P＞0.05).The complication rate of the day surgery group was slightly lower than the inpatient surgery group (5.0％ VS 5.4％),but the differences between the two groups was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).The mean time of waiting to be admitted of the day surgery group was statistically shorter than the inpatient surgery group(2.5±1.3d VS 7.6±3.6 d,P＜0.05).Patients in the day surgery groups spent statistically less money than patients in the inpatient surgery group (5433.4 VS 8612.9,P＜0.05).Conclusions Day surgery for ureteroscopic holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy could be safe with lower costs and incidence of postoperative complications,faster postoperative recovery.Pre-operative adequately and selecting appropriate patients are helpful to reduce and control of intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Objective To undertake an updated genetic spectrum analysis in patients with hereditary spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) in mainland China. Methods SCA 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 17 and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) nucleotide repeat mutations were detected in 430 families with autosomal dominant SCA (ADCA) and 237 patients with sporadic ataxias by PCR and DNA sequencing. Subsequently, point and Indel (Insertion/deletion) mutation analyses of SCA5, SCA11, SCA13, SCA14, SCA15/16/29, SCA27, SCA31 and SCA35 were detected in 91 families with ADCA and 196 patients with sporadic ataxias excluded from SCA1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 17 and DRPLA genotypes via PCR and Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography (PCR-DHPLC), Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and DNA direct sequencing analysis. Results Among the 430 ADCA families, there were 25 SCA1 (5.81%), 27 SCA2 (6.28%), 267 SCA3/MJD (62.09%), 8 SCA6 (1.86%), 8 SCA7 (1.86%), 1 SCA12 (0.23%), 1 SCA17 (0.23%) and 2 SCA35 (0.47%), and the remaining 91 families (21.16%) were genetically unidentified. Among the 237 sporadic SCA patients, there were 6 SCA1 (2.53%), 9 SCA2 (3.80%), 23 SCA3/MJD (9.70%) and 3 SCA6 (1.27%), and the remaining 196 (82.7%) were genetically unidentified. No pathogenic point mutation causing SCA5, SCA11, SCA13, SCA14, SCA27 or SCA31 subtypes was found. Conclusion SCA3/MJD is substantially the most common subtype in patients with ADCA and sporadic forms in mainland China, followed by SCA2, SCA1, SCA6 and SCA7. While SCA12, SCA17 and SCA35 are seldom found, SCA5, SCA8, SCA10, SCA11, SCA13, SCA27, SCA31 and DRPLA are very rare. The high proportion of genetically unidentified cases further verify that SCAs are of highly genetic heterogeneity, suggesting that other disease-causing genes might be involved in the negative ADCA pedigrees, and other etiological factors may involve in those sporadic cases other than genetics.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of duodenal papilla hemorrhage after endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation (EPBD) for choledocholithiasis.Methods:Clinical data of 411 cases of choledocholithiasis treated by EPBD in Hangzhou First People′s Hospital from January 2016 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Based on the development of hemorrhage after EPBD, patients were divided into the hemorrhage group and the non-hemorrhage group. The risk factors of hemorrhage after EPBD were analyzed by single and Logistic regression.Results:Among 411 patients who received EPBD, 29 patients had EPBD-related duodenal papilla hemorrhage and the overall incidence was 7.1%.Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the hemorrhage group and the non-hemorrhage group in diameter≥1.2 cm of balloon dilation ( P=0.001), endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) ( P=0.002)and the incision length of EST ( P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the incision length of EST ( OR=69.771, 95% CI: 7.544-645.296, P<0.001) was the independent risk factor for duodenal papilla hemorrhage after EPBD. Diameter≥1.2 cm of balloon dilation( OR=0.192, 95% CI: 0.071-0.524, P=0.001) was a protective factor. Conclusion:The incision length of EST is an independent risk factor of duodenal papilla hemorrhage after EPBD. Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation is a protective factor for postoperative hemorrhage, which can reduce the incidence of bleeding.

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively evaluate the clinical evaluation of preoperative lumbar T2 sagittal MRI image in predicting the recurrent lumbar disc herniation (RLDH).

METHODSBetween January 2009 and April 2011, 28 patients were diagnosed as recurrent L4-5 disc herniation within 2.5 years after surgery, and 25 of them were included in the study as relapse group. At the same time, selected 25 patients implemented the same surgical methods in the same level as a control group randomly, they were all with good to excellent result and the follow-up time was at least 2.5 years. There was no statistical significance between the two groups in gender, age and body mass index(BMI) (P > 0.05). The lumbar MRI image of two groups of patients before surgery were collected and analyzed, with the disc degeneration grade classified. The χ(2) test was used to analyzed the difference of degeneration between the two groups of patients before surgery. Rank correlation analysis evaluated the correlation between disc degeneration and the period of time from the first operation to the recurrence.

RESULTSIn terms of preoperative lumbar disc degeneration, there were 22 cases of low-grade disc degeneration and 3 cases of advanced disc degeneration in the relapse group and 5 cases and 20 cases respectively in the control group. there was significant difference between two groups (χ(2) = 23.27, P < 0.05), low-grade disc degeneration (gradesIand III) was significantly more frequent in the relapse group than in the control group. The patients with low-grade disc degeneration had a higher risk of recurrence, that was the risk of recurrent disc herniation increased by a factor of 4.4 from advanced disc degeneration to low-grade disc degeneration(OR = 4.4, 95%CI:1.983-9.765, P < 0.05). In cases of recurrence, the time interval between primary surgery and the recurrence of the patient with advanced disc degeneration was longer compared with low-grade disc degeneration (r = 0.733, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPreoperative lumbar MRI image may suggest the possibility of the recurrence lumbar disc herniation.Light disc degeneration is an important risk factor for recurrent disc herniation, and the time interval between primary surgery and the recurrence is positively correlated with severity of disc degeneration.

Adult ; Aged ; Diskectomy ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

Objective:To establish a disk (CD) microfluidic chip detection platform for the rapid detection of CALR-1 and CALR-2 mutations in patients with cerebral infarction, and summarize its clinical application value.Methods:Based on microfluidic technology and loop mediated isothermal amplification technology, a CD microfluidic chip detection platform for simultaneous detection of CALR-1 and CALR-2 gene mutations were established, and the sensitivity, specificity, repeatability and accuracy of the platform were verified. A total of 124 patients with cerebral infarction treated in Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University from November 2019 to March 2021 were prospectively selected into the experimental group; and 80 healthy subjects were included in the control group. The CALR-1 and CALR-2 gene mutations in anticoagulant peripheral blood samples were detected by the CD microfluidic chip. Each chip could detect 4 samples at the same time and synchronously detect 3 indexes of each sample. The detection results could be obtained after isothermal amplification for 40 min. At the same time, sequencing method was used to verify the test results, and the consistency of the results of the two detection methods was compared.Results:Using this CD microfluidic chip platform, the synchronous amplification of 3 indexes in the sample could be completed within 40 min without the need of thermal circulation, and the whole detection process of the sample could be completed within 60 min. For samples with a high concentration of target nucleic acid, typical positive signals could be visualized after amplification for 10 min, and the test results would be available within 30 minutes after receiving the samples. The detection sensitivity of CD microfluidic chip method for CALR-1 and CALR-2 mutation load concentration was 1.0% and 0.5% respectively. Nonspecific amplification was not observed for the non-target nucleic acid samples, indicating the high specificity of this method. The coincidence rates of intra and inter batch repeatability were 100% (20/20) respectively. Two samples with CALR gene mutation were found in the cerebral infarction group, both of which were CALR-1 mutations (L367fs*46). There was no CALR-1 or CALR-2 mutation in the control group. The detection results of CD microfluidic chip method were completely consistent with the sequencing verification results (100% [204/204]).Conclusions:The CD microfluidic chip method could be used for the detection of CALR-1 and CALR-2 gene mutations in clinical samples of patients with cerebral infarction. This method has the advantages of high detection sensitivity, good detection specificity, fast detection speed and high detection flux, which is helpful to clarify the etiology of patients with cerebral infarction.

Objective:To study the correlation between third lumbar skeletal muscle index(LSMI) and inflammatory factors and other factors in peripheral blood in gastric cancer patients.Methods:From October 2017 to December 2019, patients with gastric cancer admitted to West China Hospital Sichuan University were included. The LSMI of patients was obtained by dividing the area of skeletal muscle at the third lumbar vertebra level by the square of the height based on preoperative abdominal imaging data. The correlation between preoperative LSMI and inflammatory factors and other factors in peripheral blood were analyzed by person correlation analysis.Results:This study included 132 patients with gastric cancer. Among them, 39 were classified as stage Ⅰ, 36 were stage Ⅱ, and 57 were stage Ⅲ, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis suggested that the LSMI of gastric cancer patients was positively correlated with peripheral red blood cell count( P<0.01), hemoglobin( P<0.01), and prealbumin( P<0.01), and negatively correlated with interleukin-6(IL-6, P=0.027) and C-reactive protein(CRP, P= 0.014). Conclusion:Our study suggested that LSMI can be used as a nutritional index in gastric cancer patients and IL-6 and CRP played an important in the occurrence and development of sarcopenia in gastric cancer patients.