Objective To study the prevalence,risk factors of overactive bladder (OAB) in middle-aged and senior residents in Zhengzhou China.Methods A randomized,community-based,crosssectional study was performed on 10 160 residents aged 40 or older in urban area of Zhengzhou by using a stratified system sampling approach.A questionnaire including the subjects' basic information,previous history,present history,the Chinese overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) was filled on site.The diagnostic criteria for OAB was 'an urgency score for Question 3 of 2 or more,and an OABSS of 3 or more'.Chisquare test was used to determine the differences of prevalence between genders,age groups,BMI and people with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).A pairwise comparison was conducted between different age,BMI group by using Bonferroni method.Results A total of 10 160 residents were investigated and finally 9805 (96.5％) were qualified for final statistical analysis.The mean age was (57.9 ± 9.7) years.The overall prevalence of OAB was 2.1％ (209/9805),of which,with OABdry 1.0％,and OABwet 1.1％.Male subjects were more likely suffered from OAB than female,with 2.7％ (84/3129) versus 1.9％ (125/6676).The prevalence of OAB in both male and female increased with age.There was no significant difference in the prevalence of male and female before the age of 60 years (1.2％ versus 1.4％,P ＞ 0.05) and more common in men than in women after the age of 60 years (4.6％ versus 2.6％,P ＜ 0.05).The prevalence of the subjects with DM was significantly higher than those without DM (P ＜ 0.05).The subjects with BMIs of 30 or more were nore likely to have OAB (3.2％ versus 1.8％,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of OAB increases with advancing age.The prevalence of male is higher than female after the age of 60 years.The diabetics and obese people are more likely to have OAB.

Objective:To construct a Nomogram model in predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) at six months, one year and two years after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resection by using inflammatory markers combined with other routine clinical indicators.Methods:The data of 314 patients with HCC who underwent first time hepatectomy at Beijing Chaoyang Emergency Rescue Center and Air Force Characteristic Medical Center from January 2013 to January 2018 were analyzed. HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy at the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2011 to January 2016 ( n=106) were used as the external validation group. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze independent risk factors of recurrence and death in HCC patients. A Nomogram model was constructed based on independent risk factors. Validation of the efficacy of the Nomogram model was done based on external data. Results:In the experimental group, 174 patients relapsed. The median RFS was 26 months. The 6 months, 1 year and 2 years RFS were 26.8%, 43.9%, and 68.8%, respectively. A total of 142 patients had died. The median survival time was 30 months. The 6 months, 1 year and 2 years OS were 5.9%, 23.6% and 63.1%, respectively. In the external validation group, 63 patients had developed recurrence, with a median RFS time of 28 months. The 6 months, 1 year and 2 years RFS were 26.4%, 45.3%, 54.7%, respectively. The median survival time was 31 months. The 6 months, 1 year and 2 years OS were 7.5%, 25.5%, 46.6%, respectively. Tumor size (>6.0 cm, HR: 1.447), vascular invasion ( HR: 1.408), TBil (>0.94 mg/dl, HR: 1.949), NLR (>2.54, HR: 2.843), AGR (≤0.88, HR: 2.447) were independent risk factors of HCC recurrence ( P<0.05). Tumor size (>6.0 cm, HR: 2.207), vascular invasion ( HR: 1.529), and NLR (>2.54, HR: 2.708) were independent risk factors of death for HCC patients ( P<0.05). The C-indexes of half-year, one-year and two-year RFS were 0.764 (95% CI: 0.677-0.854), 0.710 (95% CI: 0.615-0.824) and 0.673 (95% CI: 0.601-0.786), respectively. The C-indexes of half-year OS, one-year OS and two-year OS were 0.729 (95% CI: 0.648-0.841), 0.708 (95% CI: 0.608-0.813) and 0.664 (95% CI: 0.618-0.771), respectively. Conclusion:In this study, the construction of a Nomogram model in predicting prognosis of HCC patients was helpful to guide clinicians in improving preoperative treatment plans and in providing ideas for individualized treatment of patients.