Objective To discover the distribution of ammonia nitrogen in groundwater of Shunyi District and its influencing factors. Methods 286 monitored points in low-flow period and 100 in high-flow period were chosen in 19 towns in Shunyi District. Concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, iron and manganese, and the total bacterial count of water samples were determined and evaluated based on the Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality and related standard during Jan.-Mar., Aug.-Sep., in 2005. Results All the monitored points were deep groundwater. The median of ammonia nitrogen concentration in groundwater was 0.010 mg/L in low-flow period, and 0.140 mg/L in high-flow period. The relativity was not found between the concentration of ammonia nitrogen,total bacterial count in water sample and pollution source around the well. However the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was positively correlated with the concentration of nitrite nitrogen(r=0.224, P

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of swertiamarin,gentiopicrin,swertianolin,taxifolin,silychristin,silydianin and silybin in Dangfei Liganning Capsules (Silybi Fructus and Swertiae Herba).METHODS The analysis of 75％ methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm,5.0 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of methanol-0.1％ formic acid flowing at 0.9 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelengths were set at 254 nm and 288 nm.RESULTS Seven constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ＞ 0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 96.78％-100.45％ with the RSDs of less than 2.0％.CONCLUSION This accurate and reproducible method can be used for the rapid quality control of Dangfei Liganning Capsules.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the compatibility stability of Ulinastatin for injection with 2 commonly used solvents in the infusion pump.METHODS:After Ulinastatin for injection 500 000 U was respectively added into 0.9％ Sodium chloride injection and 5％ Glucose injection 50 mL,the appearance of the mixture at 25 ℃,37 ℃ were observed at 0,1,2,4,8,12,24 h,re spctively,pH value and the number of insoluble particles were measured.The relative percentage of ulinastatin in the mixture was determined by HPGFC.RESULTS:Under this condition,the appearance and pH value of the mixture had no significant change within 24 h;the number of particles ≥10 μm was lower than 25 particle/mL,and that ≥25 μm was lower than 3 particle/mL,which was in line with the pharmacopeia standard.The relative percentage of ulinastatin within 24 h ranged 99.45％-102.55％.CONCLUSIONS:After mixed with 0.9％ Sodium chloride injection and 5％ Glucose injection,Ulinastatin for injection keep stable within 24 h at 25 ℃,37 ℃ and can be used for continuous administration in the infusion pump.

Objective To investigate whether oral administration of probiotics can reduce complications induced by interventional therapy in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma and liver cirrosis.Methods Two hundred and sixty four patients with primary hepatic carcinoma and liver cirrhosis who underwent transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) were randomly divided into two groups.and patients in experimental group were given probiotics but not in control group.Shoa-term clinical manifestations.liver functions,blood routine and pain scores were compared between two groups.Results On the day 3 after therapy,the incidence of abdominal distension and constipation in experimental group were less than that in control group(x2=18.22 and 55.22,P=0.000);On the day 7 after therapy,the incidence of abdominal distension,constipation and infection in experimental group were less than that in control group(x2=5.35,13.5 and 19.14,P=0.021,0.000 and 0.000).There were no significant difference in other clinical manifestations,liver function,blood routine and pain scores between the two groups. Conclusion Oral administration of probiotics can reduce the incidence of some short-term complication induced by interventional therapy in patients with hepatic carcinoma and liver cirrhosis.

Objective To evaluate the nasointestinal decompression intubation in acute small intestinal obstruction. Methods Ten patients with acute small bowel obstruction received nasointestinal decompression intubation under x-ray guidance. The nasointestinal decompression tube passing over a guidewire was inserted into small intestine near Tres ligament or further down distally with assistance of patients adopting in multi-physical positions. Results The intubation of nasointestinal decompression tubes into small intestine was technically successful in all patients with average procedural time of 16 min.(10 ～ 35 min). After placement of the tube, all patients obtained various degrees of symptoms relief including abdominal pain, distention, vomiting, etc. Four patients with simple adhesive obstruction recovered completely and the tube was removed 2 weeks later. Three patients were refered to surgical operation, and 3 others gave up for further treatment. There were no complications such as bleeding or perforation related to intubation. Conclusion Nasointestinal decompression intubation under guidance of X-ray is rather simple, less time consuming, especially with high efficiency for preoperative gastrointestinal decompression and treating simple adhesive bowel obstruction; ought to be recommended. [

Objective To explore the long-term survival of primary liver cancer of TACE combined with RFA. Methods A total of 100 cases were selected from June 2009 to June 2014 in our hospital treated with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, according to a random number table method, they were randomly divided into treatment group radiofre-quency(RFA, 50 patients), and combined treatment group (TACE+RFA, 50 patients). Among them, the RF-treated patients were treated with RFA alone; the combined treatment group were taken RFA and TACE combined with combi-nation therapy. Follow-up for 12 to 50 months, the long-term efficacy and survival of the two groups of patients were compared. Results By analyzing and comparing two groups of patients after treatment, long-term survival of discovery, survival radiofrequency of treatment group was 1 to 60 months, the survival of patients combined treatment group was 2 to 89 months. 1-year survival rate of the combined treatment group was significantly higher than the radiofrequency treatment group(P<0.05); 3-year survival rate of the combined treatment group was significantly higher than radiofre-quency treatment group (P<0.05); 5-year survival rate of the combined treatment group was significantly higher than radiofrequency treatment group(P<0.05). The combined treatment group survival index statistics were better than the former, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion TACE and RFA combination therapy has a better therapeutic effect in improving long-term survival of patients on a more selective advantage for clinicians to use in the treatment of preference.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of CT-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treating lung tumors. Methods A total of 33 patients with lung cancer (35 lesions in total), who were admitted to authors’ hospital during the period from May 2007 to August 2013 to receive treatment, were enrolled in this study. RFA was carried out in all patients. After RFA the patients were followed up regularly (once every 3 months) to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and the adverse reaction. The deadline for the following-up was November 2013, or to the time when tumor progression occurred. Results Of the total 34 lesions in 32 patients who had received RFA and had complete follow-up data, the one-year local control rate was 85.3%. The average one-year progression-free survival rate was 75.0%, among them 15 cases with primary lung cancer had a mean one-year progression-free survival rate of 80.0% and 17 cases with metastatic lung cancer had a mean one-year progression-free survival rate of 70.6%. The overall median progression-free survival (PFS) was(18.0±1.3) months. No obvious correlation existed between PFS and age, sex, tumor size, pathological type, clinical stage (P<0.05). The main adverse reactions of RFA were pain, hydrothorax and pneumothorax; no serious life-threatening complications occurred. Conclusion RFA is a safe, effective and minimally-invasive treatment for lung cancer, regardless of early stage or late stage of the tumor.

Objective To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of CT-guided 125I seeds interstitial implantation in treating the refractory liver cancers that show poor response to commonly used therapies. Methods A total of 40 patients with refractory clinically or pathologically-proved liver cancer were enrolled in this study, the diseases included primary liver cancer (n = 27, with coexisting portal vein cancerous thrombus in 2) and metastatic liver cancer (n = 13). CT-guided 125I seeds interstitial implantation was performed in all patients. Preoperative plan of seeds implantation protocol was formulated by using the treatment plan system (TPS); the 125I seed activity was 0.6 -0.8 mCi and the peripheral matching dose (MPD) was 100 -140 Gy. The procedure of 125I seeds interstitial implantation was performed under local anesthesia in all patients. By using percutaneous trans-hepatic puncturing and single-or multiple-needle technique, the 125I seeds were implanted along a line parallel to the long axis of the tumor and/or tumorous thrombus with an interval of 0.5 -1.0 cm. The short-term efficacy was evaluated by modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST), and the median time to tumor progression (mTTP) and the median overall survival time (mOS) were calculated by Kaplan and Meier method. Results The technical success rate was 100%. The diameter of the tumor was 1.5 -12.0 cm (mean 4.0 cm), and a total of 1 748 125I seeds were implanted in 40 patients (mean 44 seeds per patient). The short-term effective rate was 37.5%(n = 15), including complete remission in 8 cases and partial remission in 7 cases, the stable disease was seen in 15 cases (37.5%), and the disease control rate was 75%. The mTTP was 7.0 months (95%CI:4.524-9.476 months), while mOS was 10 months (95%CI: 6.901 -13.099 months). The procedure-related adverse reactions included small amount of subcapsular hemorrhage (n =2, 5%), intrahepatic migration of 125I seeds (n=2, 5%), pain at liver area (n=1, 2.5%); and no special treatment was needed in these patients. One patient developed high fever with chills 3 hours after the procedure, which was relieved after symptomatic and antipyretic treatment. Conclusion For the treatment of refractory liver cancers, CT-guided 125I seeds permanent interstitial implantation, used as a remedial therapy, is safe and effective. This technique is worth popularizing in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the regularity of abdominal pain and its influence factors in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) after receiving transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).Methods A total of 121 patients with PHC were enrolled in this study.All patients were admitted to the Department of Interventional Radiology of Zhejiang Provincial Cancer Hospital from December 2012 to June 2013,and all patients were suffered from PHC.The occurrence,duration and severity of the abdominal pain as well as the used dosage of morphine within 48 hours after TACE were documented.The results were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 96 patients (96/121,78.5％) complained of different degrees of abdominal pain after interventional therapy,and 72 patients (72/121,59.5％) showed moderate to severe pain,with the VAS score being more than 4 points.The average dosage of morphine used each time for one patient was 19.7 mg.Statistical analysis indicated that these patients were more prone to develop abdominal pain after TACE if they carried more than one of the following risk factors:age ≥60 years (when compared with patients ＜60 years,OR:0.307,P=0.008),preoperative ECOG score ＞2 (when compared with a ECOG score of 0-1,OR:0.195,P=0.006),the distance between tumor and liver capsule ＞1 cm (when compared with the distance ≤ 1 cm,OR:0.296,P=0.007),the use of THP in performing chemoembolization (when compared with other chemotherapeutic drugs,OR:0.232,P＜0.003 4).Conclusion After TACE abdominal pain is a high-frequency event.The independent factors affecting the occurrence of abdominal pain are age＜60 years,preoperative ECOG score ＞2,tumor located close to liver capsule,and the use of THP-lipiodol mixture as embolic agent.Therefore,for patients carrying moderate-high risk of abdominal pain,routine use of analgesics before TACE as well as within 12 hours after TACE to prevent the occurrence of abdominal pain is quite necessary.

Objective To analyze the incidence,mortality and survival rates of pancreatic cancer in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2002 to 2010.Methods The residents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai were recruited in this study during the period 2002 ～ 2010,the incidence,mortality were calculated according to different age groups and genders.The standardized morbidity and mortality of pancreatic cancer were calculated by world standard population.Logarithmic linear regression was used to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) of incidence and mortality.The 1 ～ 5 year survival of pancreatic cancer patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and COX regression analysis,and the survival of patients with different TNM staging,with or without operation was determined.Results Among 3089 newly occurred pancreatic cancer cases during 2002 ～ 2010,1707 and 1382 cases were males and females,respectively,with an average age of (69 ± 12) and (73 ± 12) years old,the crude incidence for both genders was 13.32/100 000,and it was 14.71/100 000 for males,which was higher than that in females (11.93/100 000).The ratio of male and female for incidence of age standardize was 1.57:1.There were 2963 death in total,including 1627 males and 1336 females,with a crude mortality rate of 12.78/100 000.The crude mortality rate for males was 14.02/100 000,which was higher than that in females (11.53/100 000).The ratio of male and female ASR for mortality was 1.55:1.Both incidence and mortality significantly increased for males aged over 35 and females aged over 40.The peak of morbidity and mortality appeared in male over 80 years old,and in female over 85 years old.The 1 ～ 5 year survival rates of pancreatic cancer patients were 16.59％,7.31％,5.23％,4.33％ and 3.87％,respectively.The differences in 1 ～5 year survival rates between surgical and non-surgical management groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The median survival time of TNM 0 ～ Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ staging was (250.00 ± 33.37),(224.00 ± 15.82),(86.00 ± 4.52) d.There was a statistically significant difference among the survival of TNM-Ⅳ and TNM 0 ～ Ⅰ,TNM Ⅲ (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions The incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer in males are higher than those in females in Pudong New Area of Shanghai.The survival is associated with TNM staging at diagnosis and whether surgical operation is performed.