Drug-induced acute dystonia is usually associated with combination therapies of neuroleptics, but rarely with the withdrawal or rebound effect of various psychotrops. Very sparse reports have described acute dystonia as a methylphenidate withdrawal (rebound effect), particularly in combination modalities. However, there is no case report or research regarding acute dystonia related to the withdrawal of the short-acting methylphenidate-immediate release form (MPH-IR) in the case of monotherapy of MPH-IR or a combination with guanfacine. Herein, a pediatric case of recurrent acute dystonia with two separate phenomena, locating orolingual and oromandibular/lower extremities, is presented as a withdrawal adverse reaction occurring after abrupt discontinuation of MPH-IR when under a combination therapy with guanfacine. Various options such as anticholinergic agents, re-administrating MPH, or turning to monotherapy from combination modalities, can be suggested in treatment, as well as only hydration may also have the benefit of resolving the symptoms, as in the current case. Practitioners should be aware of all possible adverse effects of MPH, even the rebound effect of short-acting forms.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum melatonin levels, sleep habits, and clinical features in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to healthy controls. Methods: A total of 71 children, aged 2–8 years, including 38 with ASD diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition criteria and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, were evaluated. Serum melatonin, vitamin D, ferritin, serum iron, and iron-binding capacity were analyzed. Sleep habits were assessed using the Pediatric Sleep Habits Questionnaire, while the Autism Behavior Checklist and Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers were administered to the ASD group. Relationships between biochemical markers and questionnaire scores were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 44.4±20.4 months in the ASD group and 51.2±20.0 months in the control group (p=0.104). The ASD group exhibited higher “bedwetting” scores, while the control group had higher “daytime sleepiness” scores (p=0.008, p=0.036, respectively). Serum melatonin levels were significantly elevated in the ASD group (823.2±237.9 U/L) compared to controls (677.4±254.7 U/L, p=0.027), with this difference significant in males (p=0.020) but not in females (p=0.608). No significant correlations were observed between melatonin levels and questionnaire scores. Conclusion Elevated daytime melatonin levels and altered sleep patterns in children with ASD suggest potential melatonin receptor desensitization. Sex-specific variations underline the importance of personalized melatonin-based interventions. These findings provide insights into developing tailored therapeutic strategies for managing sleep and behavioral challenges in ASD. However, future studies are needed to explore these findings further with larger and more diverse populations.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum melatonin levels, sleep habits, and clinical features in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to healthy controls. Methods: A total of 71 children, aged 2–8 years, including 38 with ASD diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition criteria and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, were evaluated. Serum melatonin, vitamin D, ferritin, serum iron, and iron-binding capacity were analyzed. Sleep habits were assessed using the Pediatric Sleep Habits Questionnaire, while the Autism Behavior Checklist and Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers were administered to the ASD group. Relationships between biochemical markers and questionnaire scores were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 44.4±20.4 months in the ASD group and 51.2±20.0 months in the control group (p=0.104). The ASD group exhibited higher “bedwetting” scores, while the control group had higher “daytime sleepiness” scores (p=0.008, p=0.036, respectively). Serum melatonin levels were significantly elevated in the ASD group (823.2±237.9 U/L) compared to controls (677.4±254.7 U/L, p=0.027), with this difference significant in males (p=0.020) but not in females (p=0.608). No significant correlations were observed between melatonin levels and questionnaire scores. Conclusion Elevated daytime melatonin levels and altered sleep patterns in children with ASD suggest potential melatonin receptor desensitization. Sex-specific variations underline the importance of personalized melatonin-based interventions. These findings provide insights into developing tailored therapeutic strategies for managing sleep and behavioral challenges in ASD. However, future studies are needed to explore these findings further with larger and more diverse populations.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum melatonin levels, sleep habits, and clinical features in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to healthy controls. Methods: A total of 71 children, aged 2–8 years, including 38 with ASD diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition criteria and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, were evaluated. Serum melatonin, vitamin D, ferritin, serum iron, and iron-binding capacity were analyzed. Sleep habits were assessed using the Pediatric Sleep Habits Questionnaire, while the Autism Behavior Checklist and Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers were administered to the ASD group. Relationships between biochemical markers and questionnaire scores were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 44.4±20.4 months in the ASD group and 51.2±20.0 months in the control group (p=0.104). The ASD group exhibited higher “bedwetting” scores, while the control group had higher “daytime sleepiness” scores (p=0.008, p=0.036, respectively). Serum melatonin levels were significantly elevated in the ASD group (823.2±237.9 U/L) compared to controls (677.4±254.7 U/L, p=0.027), with this difference significant in males (p=0.020) but not in females (p=0.608). No significant correlations were observed between melatonin levels and questionnaire scores. Conclusion Elevated daytime melatonin levels and altered sleep patterns in children with ASD suggest potential melatonin receptor desensitization. Sex-specific variations underline the importance of personalized melatonin-based interventions. These findings provide insights into developing tailored therapeutic strategies for managing sleep and behavioral challenges in ASD. However, future studies are needed to explore these findings further with larger and more diverse populations.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum melatonin levels, sleep habits, and clinical features in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to healthy controls. Methods: A total of 71 children, aged 2–8 years, including 38 with ASD diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition criteria and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, were evaluated. Serum melatonin, vitamin D, ferritin, serum iron, and iron-binding capacity were analyzed. Sleep habits were assessed using the Pediatric Sleep Habits Questionnaire, while the Autism Behavior Checklist and Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers were administered to the ASD group. Relationships between biochemical markers and questionnaire scores were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 44.4±20.4 months in the ASD group and 51.2±20.0 months in the control group (p=0.104). The ASD group exhibited higher “bedwetting” scores, while the control group had higher “daytime sleepiness” scores (p=0.008, p=0.036, respectively). Serum melatonin levels were significantly elevated in the ASD group (823.2±237.9 U/L) compared to controls (677.4±254.7 U/L, p=0.027), with this difference significant in males (p=0.020) but not in females (p=0.608). No significant correlations were observed between melatonin levels and questionnaire scores. Conclusion Elevated daytime melatonin levels and altered sleep patterns in children with ASD suggest potential melatonin receptor desensitization. Sex-specific variations underline the importance of personalized melatonin-based interventions. These findings provide insights into developing tailored therapeutic strategies for managing sleep and behavioral challenges in ASD. However, future studies are needed to explore these findings further with larger and more diverse populations.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum melatonin levels, sleep habits, and clinical features in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to healthy controls. Methods: A total of 71 children, aged 2–8 years, including 38 with ASD diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition criteria and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, were evaluated. Serum melatonin, vitamin D, ferritin, serum iron, and iron-binding capacity were analyzed. Sleep habits were assessed using the Pediatric Sleep Habits Questionnaire, while the Autism Behavior Checklist and Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers were administered to the ASD group. Relationships between biochemical markers and questionnaire scores were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 44.4±20.4 months in the ASD group and 51.2±20.0 months in the control group (p=0.104). The ASD group exhibited higher “bedwetting” scores, while the control group had higher “daytime sleepiness” scores (p=0.008, p=0.036, respectively). Serum melatonin levels were significantly elevated in the ASD group (823.2±237.9 U/L) compared to controls (677.4±254.7 U/L, p=0.027), with this difference significant in males (p=0.020) but not in females (p=0.608). No significant correlations were observed between melatonin levels and questionnaire scores. Conclusion Elevated daytime melatonin levels and altered sleep patterns in children with ASD suggest potential melatonin receptor desensitization. Sex-specific variations underline the importance of personalized melatonin-based interventions. These findings provide insights into developing tailored therapeutic strategies for managing sleep and behavioral challenges in ASD. However, future studies are needed to explore these findings further with larger and more diverse populations.