Carbon fiber reinforced poly ether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) composite possesses excellent biocompatible, biomechanical and bioribological properties. It is one of the most promising implant materials for artificial joint. Many factors influence the bioribological properties of CF/PEEK composites. In this paper, the authors reviewed on the biotribology research progress of CF/PEEK composites. The influences of various factors such as lubricant, reinforcement surface modification, functional particles, friction counterpart and friction motion modes on the bio-tribological properties of CF/PEEK composites are discussed. Based on the recent research, the authors suggest that the further research should be focused on the synergistic effect of multiple factors on the wear and lubrication mechanism of CF/PEEK.
Biocompatible Materials ; Carbon ; Friction ; Ketones ; Lubrication ; Materials Testing ; Polyethylene Glycols

Objective To observe the effectiveness of alprostedil in treatment of diabetic nephropathy and the mechanism of the renal protection of the drug. Methods One hundred patients with diabetic nephropathy due to diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into 2 groups ,50 in treatment group ,and 50 as controls, alprostadil was used intravenously in the Treatment Group for 12 day while routine management of diabetes such as food intake control,physical exercises and oral drugs or injection of insulin was conducted in both of the 2 groups. Urinary albumin were employed for evaluation as well as the side-effects. Results By the end of the trial, urinary albumin was decreased significantly compared with those before intravenous alprostadil treatment or with those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Urinary albumin was decreased significantly after intravenous alprostadil. Therefore,it is a safe and effective drug in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To explore the effect of the treating left colon cancer,Compare left colon irrigation at one-stage radical colon resections were performed with the way which is given colon bracket insertion operation then two-stage radical colon resections were performed.Methods 32 cases sigmoid and rectum cancer patients with obstruction were received.And 14 cases were treated by colon irrigation at one-stage radical colon resections; 18 cases were treated by colon bracket insertion operation then two-stage radical colon resections were performed.To analyze the complications of after-operation、the average time in hospital.Results No occurence of anastomotic leakage was found in the two-stage radical colon resections.There was only one case was infected; the operation time(115 ± 26)min.The drainage in 3 days after the operation(127 ± 66)ml,length time(12.5 ± 3.2)d.The group of one-stage radical colon resections:the operation time(210 ± 39)min.The drainage in 3 days after the operation.length time(14.8 ±2.6)d,There was two cases of anastomotic leakage and 12 cases were infected and two dead were found in this group.Conclusion The way which was given colon bracket insertion operation then two-stage radical colon resections were performed,was better than colon irrigation at one-stage radical colon resections were performed,and with the first way patients life quality enhanced.

ObjectiveComparing gastric perforation repair with traditional contrast,to explore the feasibility and superiority of the laparoscopic gastric perforation repair.Methods68 cases were randomly divided into two groups for laparoscopic gastric perforation repair and traditional repair,then compared two groups of treatment.Results Both operations were successful ( including laparoscopic repair in 34 cases) and surgery time,blood loss,postoperative drainage,length of stay,and cosmetic results of the comparison.ConclusionCompared with the traditional open surgery,the laparoscopic surgery had less trauma,leas pain,faster recovery,shorter hospital stay,high efficacy and good cosmetic results and other advantages.

Objective To observe the effects of Danqi Granules combined with Xianling Gubao Capsules on bone metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with postmenopausal osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) after surgery. Methods 90 cases of postmenopausal women with OVCF were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group, 45 cases in each group. The two groups were treated by vertebroplasty (PVP), and after the surgery, the control group was treated with Xianling Gubao Capsules while the observation group was additionally given Danqi Granules. The serum markers of bone metabolism [(25 (OH) D, PINP, β-CTX] and BMD of L2-4 and left femoral neck were detected before and after treatment. Results The level of serum 25 (OH) D in the observation group after treatment was significantly higher while the levels of PINP and β-CTX were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the BMD of L2-4 and left femoral neck of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. Conclusion Danqi Granules combined with Xianling Gubao Capsules can significantly accelerate fracture recovery, and improve bone mineral density in the treatment of postmenopausal women with OVCF.

BACKGROUND:Differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels is induced by integrated factors.In vitro interaction of cytokine complex and certain cel mechanical stimulation is carried out to further improve the efficiency of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels differentiating into nucleus pulposus-like cels. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels into nucleus pulposus-like cels induced by transforming growth factor-β1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 under hydrostatic pressure. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels from adult rats were separated, cultured and purified in vitro. Passage 3 cels were induced in vitrowith transforming growth factor-β1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 under hydrostatic pressure (hydrostatic pressure group), with transforming growth factor-β1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 under normal pressure (drug group), or with normal culture medium under normal pressure (blank control group). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At day 14 after culture, polygonal nucleus pulposus-like cels were observed in the hydrostatic pressure group, but irregular cels in the drug group. There was no obvious change in the blank control group. Levels of colagen type II and DNA were higher in the hydrostatic pressure group than the other two groups. These findings indicate that the combination of transforming growth factor-β1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 can successfuly induce the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels into nucleus pulposus-like cels under hydrostatic pressure, and the differentiation efficiency is higher under hydrostatic pressure than under normal pressure.

Objective To investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of PPARγ gene(rs1801282, rs3856806 and rs4684847) and hypertension in Uygur. Methods Polymorphisms of PPARγ gene,rs1801282, rs3856806 and rs4684847, were identified in 145 hypertension patients and 165 healthy volunteersby matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Results(1)Frequencies of rs1801282 CC genotype and C allele were 75.9% and 87.2% in hypertension grouprespectively, which were higher than those in control group (63.6% and 79.7%, respectively, P < 0.05);(2) After risk analysis, individuals with GG and CG genotypes of rs1801282 had 0.273 and 0.594 times higherrisks to develop hypertension than those with CC genotype respectively , while individuals with C allele had 1.742times higher risk to develop hypertension than those with G allele ; (3) Multivariate logistic regression analysisshowed that polymorphism of rs1801282, overweight and obesity were risk factors for the incidence ofhypertension. (4) No significant differences in both frequencies of rs3856806 and rs4684847 genotypes andallele were noted between hypertension group and control group (P > 0.05). (5) SBP in rs1801282 CC genotypecarriers was higher than in CG / GG gene ones, whereas TC was opposite (P < 0.05). Conclusions In theUygur, individuals with CC genotype and C allele at rs1801282 of PPARγ gene are at higher risk ofhypertension. Polymorphism of rs3856806 and rs4684847 may be irrelevant with hypertension in the Uygur.

Objective To observe the changes of brain neurotransmitters in patients with vasovagal syncope (VVS) with encephalofluc-tuogram technology (ET). Methods From August, 2015 to December, 2016, 30 patients with VVS were selected as case group, 30 controls matched with sex and age were selected from the outpatients without syncope. They were detected the function of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), acetylcholine (Ach), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) with ET. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in the values of GABA, Glu, 5-HT, Ach and DA (t<1.680, P>0.05), while the values of NE was higher in the case group than in the control group (t=-3.552, P<0.001). Conclusion VVS may be related to the high level of activity of NE in the brain.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of a multi-dimensional peripheral quick contrast sensitivity function (pqCSF) measurement established based on Bayesian probability estimation algorithm.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Nineteen eyes of 12 healthy emmetropic subjects in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University from September 2017 to March 2018 were included, with an average age of (22.92±2.91) years.The average spherical power and cylindrical power were (-0.34±0.52)D and (-0.30±0.42)D, respectively, and the average uncorrected vision acuity was≥1.0.Based on the Bayesian probability algorithm, the peak contrast sensitivity γ max, the peak spatial frequency ? max, the bandwidth β and the low contrast intercept δ were used to quickly describe the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) curve of the full spatial frequency through multi-dimensional pqCSF method.The 16 peripheral visual field positions of all subjects were tested at 6°, 12°, 18° and 24° eccentricity of the superior, inferior, the temporal and nasal visual field by the pqCSF method, but the 18° eccentricity of temporal field, which was near the physiological blind spot, was excluded.The area under Log CSF (AULCSF) of different peripheral visual fields and the Log CSF of 19 spatial frequencies (distributed at equal intervals in logarithmic units) were compared.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University (No.2018KYPJ017). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any examination. Results:With the increase of eccentricity in different visual fields, the AULCSF decreased gradually, and there were significant differences in AULCSF between different eccentricities (all at P<0.05). The AULCSF of the nasal and temporal visual field at 6°, 12° and 24° eccentricity was significantly larger than that of the superior and inferior visual field (all at P<0.05). As the distance from the fovea was increased, the pqCSF, the AULCSF, and the high-frequency cutoff were all decreased, and the standard deviation of AULCSF was increased gradually. Conclusions:The pqCSF method can depict a relatively complete peripheral CSF curve of a wide peripheral visual field, and reflect the function quality of the peripheral vision comprehensively and accurately.

Objective To compare the dosimetric characteristics of the VMAT plans between the flattening-filter-free (FFF) and flattening filter (FF) modes for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and analyze the feasibility of VMAT plans in the FFF model applied in clinical practice.Methods Ten patients diagnosed with stage Ⅱ nasopharyngeal carcinoma between 2016 and 2017 were recruited in this investigation.For the CT image and clinical target volume (CTV) of the identical patient,FFF-and FF-mode VMAT plans were established with the identical prescription dose of 6 975 cGy and the identical modified parameters on the RayStation platform (6 MV X-ray).The dosimetric characteristics,the number of machine hops and the time of beam were recorded and statistically compared between the FFF and FF modes.Results The minimum dose D98％ target,target coverage,conformal index (CI) did not significantly differ between the FF and FFF plans (P=0.262-0.975),whereas the maximum dose of D2％,the average dose of D and target homogeneity index (HI) of the FF plans were slightly advantageous to those of the FFF plan (P=0.004-0.038).The acceptable dose of bilateral lenses,the volume of the left parotid gland with an acceptable dose of＞ 30 Gy and the average dose of the left temporal lobe in the FFF mode were declined compared with those in the FF mode (P=0.002-0.025).The volume of normal tissues (Body) within the dose range of 2-30 Gy in the FFF mode was less than that in the FF mode (P=0.000-0.003).In the FFF mode,the mean number of machine hops was 1.188 times (P=0.000) and the average time of beam was 91.2％ of the FF plan (P=0.024).Conclusions Both the FF and FFF plans qualify the dosimetric requirements in clinical settings.FF plan is advantageous in terms of the dose distribution in the target area,whereas FFF plan yields better OAR protection and low-dose irradiation.In spite of the increasing quantity of machine hops,the time of beam is declined in the FFF plan.Consequently,FFF mode probably contributes to enhance the clinical efficacy.