OBJECTIVE To investigate drug-resistance status of Gram-positive cocci in the local region and offer scientific basis for reasonable usage of antibiotics.METHODS 336 strains of Gram-positive cocci were isolated from all kinds of specimens from Jan 2003 to Dec 2007 in the local hospital.Organisms were cultivated and identified complying with National Operation Procedure of the Clinical Laboratory.Drug sensitivity test was performed with K-B methods.RESULTS Among the 336 strains,Staphylococcus aureus(SAU) ranked the top,accounting for 45.8%;then the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(CNS) accounting for 23.2%;Enterococcus faecalis ranked the third,accounting for 18.2%;the detection rate of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was 31.8%;that of meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(MRCNS) was 35.9%.The results of drug sensitivity test showed the Gram-positive cocci were resistant to the many antibiotics in different degrees except for 100% sensitive to vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS Hospital should attach importance to supervise the drug-resistance of Gram-positive cocci and prevent the dissemination and epidemic of drug resistant strains.

Objective To find out if different doses of melatonin have different roles in the cause or treatment of idiopathic scoliosis, and to illuminate whether melatonin can be a substitution in the treatment of pinealectomized chickens. Methods Fifty Little-Shaoxing chickens, in which pinealectomy was performed when 3-day-old, were divided into five groups. Ten served as control group, were kept in light-dark (12h: 12h) cycle, 500 lx in daytime and 0-5 lx in nighttime after surgery. Ten served as M-5 group, were given 5 mg/kg (5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) melatonin twice every day. Ten as M-10 group, given 10 mg/kg melatonin abdominally twice every day, ten as M-20 group, given 20 mg/kg melatonin twice every day, and ten as M-40 group, given 40 mg/kg melatonin twice every day. The light-dark (12h: 12h) cycle was the same as control group. Radiological examinations were performed on all chicken spines for scoliosis when at 3 months old. Measured of the angle of the scoliosis was taken by Cobb's technique, and the data was analyzed by statistical software. Results Overall, there was 25 chickens developed to scoliosis in all when the chickens were 3 months. The attack rate was only 56%; this rate was consistent throughout all experimental groups. In the control group, 6 chickens had obvious scoliosis, and 5 in M-5 group, 5 in M-10 group, 4 in M-20 group, and 5 in M-40 Group. And the average Cobb's angle of control group was 26.7?. There were 23.5?, 21.7?, 24.5? and 23.2? in M-5, M-10, M-20 and M-40 respectively. There was no statistical significance in the average Cobb's angle and the incidence of scoliosis among all groups. It was determined that neither the prevalence nor the pattern of the scoliosis was affected by the therapy in any of the experimental groups. Conclusion Different dose of melatonin can't reduce the rate of scoliosis in the pinealectomized chickens, and also can't prevent the development of the experimental scoliosis. The results of this study raise doubts regarding the role of melatonin in the development of scoliosis after pinealectomy in the young chicken. Melatonin acting as a vicarious therapeutic tool in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis is premature, deserved further research.

Objective To study the relationship between the health?related quality of life and Graves′ophthalmopathy quality of life(GO?QOL)in Graves′ophthalmopathy(GO)patients. Methods A total of 44 GO patients were recruited for the study and investigated with SF?36 and GO?QOL questionnaires. In addition,the thyroid function and related antibodies were also detected. Results The scores of SF?36 and GO?QOL were higher in the patients over 45 years than those under 45 years(P<0.05). GO?QOL score was lower in the patients with thyroid stimulating hormone recep?tor antibody higher than 10 IU/mL(P<0.05). The scores of SF?36 and GO?QOL were obviously higher in the patients who had a clinical activity score above 3(P<0.01). Conclusion GO?QOL is a better and more specific questionnaire for GO patients.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of aminoguanidine and vitamin C on serum laminin of rats with diabetic nephropathy model. METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetes model group, vitamin C group,aminoguanidine group,vitamin C plus aminogucinidine group. The diabetes model(Type 1) was established in all groups except the normal control group by injecting them intraperitoneally with streptozotocin, after which, they were treated with the corresponding drugs for 16 weeks. During and after the treatment, the general state, blood gloucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum laminin, urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and the 24-hours urinary albumin excretion rate of each group were observed and determined. RESULTS: The serum laminin levels increased and diabetic nephropathy occurred in all the 4 groups after being modelled. Aminoguanidine group, vitamin C had no effect on blood glucose level, while they could improve the basic condition and the combination of the two could significantly decrease serum levels of laminin, urea nitrogen, creatinine and the 24-hours urinary albumin excretion rate. CONCLUSION: Aminogucinidine and vitamin C couldn't decrease the blood sugar level but the combination of which has a synergistic action to decrease serum laminin level while preventing renal function.

Background and purpose: Short tandem repeats (STR) multiplex PCR fluorescence detection technology is the most widely used DNA technology in individual identity and genetic identification. It's the most direct method to obtain accurate conclusions. However, some studies have indicated that the rate of STR mutations in tumor tissue is significantly higher than that in normal tissues or blood. This study aimed to investigate the tendency of genetic instability in 20 STR loci on autosomal and Amel loci in tumor tissue samples from lung cancer. Methods: This study, collected 75 cases of human lung cancer tissues and the adjacent normal tissues. DNA samples were extracted by tissue DNA extraction kit, amplified using MicroreaderTM 21 Direct ID System PCR amplification kit. Capillary electrophoresis was performed using API 3130 analyzer, and results were analyzed by genetic analysis software (Gene Mapper ID V3.2). Results: STR alterations were detected in 24 specimens from 75 lung cancer tissues (32%). Fifty-five alterations were detected in the frequently used 21 STR loci in total, including additional alleles 10 times, loss of heterozygosity 10 times, partial loss of heterozygosity 35 times. Partial loss of heterozygosity was the most common genetic alteration types accounting for 63.64% of the total alteration frequency. And multiple genetic alteration types could occur in the same lung cancer tissue. Among them, the highest alteration frequency occurred on D5S818 (7 times), secondly on D3S1358 and D12S391 (both 5 times), and no alterations on D2S441 and Penta E. Combining the experimental results and analysis on clinical data, this study found the statistical differences between the staging of lung cancer and the age of the patients with the STR loci alterations (P<0.05). However, the alterations did have much relationship with the classification of lung cancer and the patient's gender (P>0.05). Conclusion: STR loci of the lung cancer tissue were not stable, and the alteration occurred in the aged or high malignant degree lung cancer tissue more frequently. Meanwhile, no alteration was detected on D2S441 and Penta E. In the future research the two STR loci should be verified to determine whether they can be used as the stable STR loci in such cases by increasing the sample size.

Objective To investigate the association of serum leptin (LEP) levels during the first postpartum year with the occurrence of postpartum thyroiditis (PPT).Methods Fifty-seven PPT patients consisted of 34 with overt PPT and 23 subclinical PPT.37 healthy postpartum women were used as controls.Serum samples were obtained at 4 postpartum date points,i.e.3-days and 3,6,12-months postpartum.LEP level was determined by radioimmunoassav.Results Compared with control women,PPT patients were maintaining significantly higher levels of LEP and LEP/body mass index (BMI) ratio during the first postpartum year.There was no significant difference in serum LEP level or LEP/BMI ratio between overt PPT and subclinical PPT groups.In PPT patients,LEP and LEP/BMI ratio were negatively correlated with serum TSH,and positively correlated with serum FT4 and FT3.Conclusion Sustained high levels of serum LEP after delivery may favor the occurrence of PPT.Further studies are needed to clarify the specific role played by LEP in PPT.

ObjectiveTo investigate the cumulative incidence of persistent hypothyroidism in patients who were diagnosed as postpartum thyroiditis ( PPT),and to determine the factors associated with the development of persistent hypothyroidism in those patients.MethodsThe present study was performed as the continuous study followed by the former epidemiological survey on PPT,in which 58 patients with PPT (35 overt PPT and 23 subclinical PPT) were diagnosed.The 58 patients were followed up at 12th month postpartum,and then for every 6 months until 24 months postpartum.Fasting blood samples were taken for testing serum TSH,thyroid peroxidase antibody ( TPOAb),and thyroglobulin antibody ( TgAb ).Free T3 ( FT3 ),free T4 ( FT4 ),and TSH receptor antibody ( TRAh ) were detected if TSH was abnormal.50 healthy postpartum women were used as control group.ResultsOf the total 58 PPT patients,91,4％ ( n =53 ) were successfully followed.Five patients with overt PPT and 6 patients with subclinical PPT developed persistent hypothyroidism,and the cumulative incidence of persistent hypothyroidism in the studied PPT patients was 20.8％.Among 15 PPT patients who had a classical biphasic course (a thyrotoxic phase followed by a hypothyroid phase),persistent hypothyroidism was seen in 26.7％ (n =4 ).Among 11 PPT patients with hypothyroidism only,persistent hypothyroidism was seen in 63.6％ ( n =7).On the contrary,none of the patients with thyrotoxicosis only had persistent hypothyroidism.All of the patients who developed persistent hypothyrodism had a higher TSH levels than 4.8 mU/L at 6th month postpartum.Before delivery,TSH levels of the patients developed persistent hypothyroidism were significantly higher than those of the patients with transient hypothyroidism,and this was the case at the 12th month postpartum ( all P＜0.01 ).PPT patients maintained a relatively higher rate of thyroid autoantibodies.The positive rate of TPOAb at the 12th,18th,and 24th month postpartum was 56.6％,50.9％,and 52.8％,respectively; and the positive rate of TgAb being 35.8％,30.2％,and 30.2％,respectively.Both the positive rate and titer of TPOAb in patients with overt PPT were higher than those in patients with subclinical PPT at the 18th and 24th month postpartum (P＜0.05).Conclusions 20.8％ patients with PPT developed persistent hypothyroidism at the 24th month postpartum.Whether a patient with PPT would develop persistent hypothyroidism depends on his clinical feature and TSH level.

A total of 1 870 patients who had undergone thyroidectomy were investigated.The mean TSH level in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) was significantly higher than that in patients with benign thyroid nodules[(1.95±1.69 vs 1.40±1.98)mIU/L,P＜0.01].DTC patients who had lymphatic metastasis or the diameter of tumor more than 10 mm had higher serum TSH level.Serum thyrotropin is an independent risk predictor for DTC.

Objective To explore the correlation between anti-thyroid autoantibodies and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methods Four hundred and sixty-two samples with positive thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and (or) thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) were collected. Three hundred and eighty age and gender matched subjects with negative TPOAb and TgAb were selected as controls. The anti-HCV antibody was examined in all the cases using the third-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), HCV RNA qualitative examination was examined further in those who had positive anti-HCV antibody. Meanwhile, 195 subjects with hepatitis C, 150 healthy subjects and 150 subjects with hepatitis B were tested for thyroid-related markers. The data were analyzed by independent-sample t test and chi square test. Results The HCV infection rate in 462 thyroid autoantibodies positive subjects was 1.30% and 0.53% in 380 thyroid autoantibodies negative subjects. There was no significant difference of the HCV infection rate between two groups (X2=1.322, P>0.05). In the subjects with hepatitis C, 30.8% were TPOAb positive, 30.8% were TgAb positive, which were significantly different from those of healthy subjects and subjects with hepatitis B (X2=21.496,X2=30.454;P<0.01). Conclusions HCV infection rate does not increase in subjects with abnormal thyroid autoimmunity. However, positive rate of thyroid autoantibodies increases in subjects with hepatitis C, which suggests that thyroid-related markers should be examined in hepatitis C patients.

AIM: To evaluate whether tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) loaded with heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) inhibit the progression of aortic atherosclerotic plaque in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E (Apo-E) -null mice. METHODS: Bone marrow derived DC of the mice were loaded with HSP60 and co-cultured with rapamycin to generate tolerogenic DC. The tolerogenic DC, DC loaded only HSP60 and PBS were injected into the ApoE-null mice at 8 weeks of age for three times at a one-week interval. 8 weeks after the last injection, aorta were harvested for HE staining and anti-CD4~+T cell immunostaining. Responses of pleenic cells to HSP60 were also evaluated. RESULTS: Compared with DC, DC_ HSP60 expressed higher levels of CD86, and stimulated T lymphocytes to proliferation significantly, while the tolerogenic DC expressed lower levels of CD86, and inhibited T lymphocytes to proliferation. After immunization with different injection, the numbers of CD4~+ T cells in plaque were increased significantly in DC_ HSP60 group vs in PBS group (P