Objective To explore the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and identification of Obstetrics and Gynecology in accident and emergency.Methods A retrospective method was taken to 80 cases of obstetrics and gynecology emergency patients with ultrasound diagnosis data analysis in the hospital from June 2014 to June 2015,and compared to surgical and pathological diagnosis,to observe the ultrasonic diagnosis value.Results The correct rate of the ultrasound diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy,ovarian cyst torsion,inevitable abortion,threatened abortion,corpus luteum rupture,trophoblastic disease,and acute pelvic inflammatory disease was 90.9％,94.1％,100.0％,100.0％,85.7％,75.0％,and 100.0％,and the overall diagnostic accuracy was 93.8％.Conclusions The Emergency Department of obstetrics and gynecology patients used ultrasound has a better diagnosis effect,and high diagnostic accuracy.At the same time,the ultrasound examination is gynecology and obstetrics emergency check the preferred way,strong repeatability,and better observed lesions,high application value.

Objective:To explore the application effect of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence experiment based on virtual simulation software in undergraduate teaching of medical imaging technology.Methods:Fifty-six undergraduate students from the Batch 2015 and Batch 2016 medical imaging technology of West China Clinical Medical College of Sichuan University were recruited in this study. They were divided into 2 groups: experimental group (Batch 2016) and control group (Batch 2015). The experimental group adopted the teaching method based on virtual simulation experiment, and the control group used the teaching method based on traditional small-sized magnetic resonance. The after-class test scores and final exam scores of the two groups of students were compared, and the questionnaire survey on teaching effectiveness was conducted for students in the experimental group SPSS 21.0 was used for ttest and Mann-Whitney Utest. Results:The scores of theoretical knowledge and the final grades in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group [(84.55 ± 6.57) points vs. (79.37 ± 6.13) points; (90.03 ± 4.72) points vs. (80.06 ± 7.29) points, all P< 0.05). The effective recovery rate of the questionnaires was 100%, and the questionnaire survey showed that the experimental group was significantly superior to the control group in such four aspects as increasing subject interest, expanding relevant knowledge, solving clinical work, and promoting teamwork ( P< 0.05). Conclusion:In MRI sequence teaching, the teaching method based on virtual simulation software can increase the students' interests in learning, strengthen their understanding of MRI principles, then effectively improve the teaching effect of medical imaging undergraduate education.

Objective To explore the chronic effects of mild and moderate iodine excess and iodine restriction on apoptosis of thyrocytes. Methods Wistar rats were exposed to 4 different doses of iodine: 4 μg/d (control), 6 μg/d (1.5 fold iodine excess), 12 μg/d (3 fold iodine excess), and 24 μg/d (6 fold iodine excess) for 1, 2, 4 and 8 months. Some rats treated for 8 months were fed with 4 μg/d iodine for another 3 months. Urinary iodine concentration was monitored by arscnic/cerium catalyzing spectrophotography. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry after Annexin V-FTTC staining and uhrastructure assessment under electronic microscope. Cell cycle kinetics was analyzed by flow eytometry after propidium iodine staining. Fluorescent measurement by DCFH-DA probe was used to determine the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Expressions of apoptic proteins were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Results Apoptotosis rate and ROS production in thyrocytes were significantly increased in 3 and 6 fold iodine excess groups after 4 months and 8 months (all P < 0.05), which was reversed with iodine restriction. 6 fold iodine exposure was proved to cause a reduction of cells in GOG1-phase (64% and 67% vs 80%, both P < 0. 05) and a concomitant accumulation in S-phase (5% and 6% vs 3%, both P <0.05) after 4 months and 8 months. Expressions of Fas, FasL and TRAIL proteins in 3 and 6 fold iodine excess groups after 8 months were increased by 2 to 4 times compared with control group and did not return to normal after iodine restriction. Bcl-2 and Bax remained constant. Positive correlations were observed among iodine amount, apoptosis rate and ROS level in 6 fold iodine excess group after 8 months (r = 0. 637-0.790, P < 0.01). Conclusion Chronic iodine excess results in thyrocyte apoptosis due probably to generation of ROS.

Objective: To explore human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and genotype distribution in male patients with condyloma acuminatum (CA). Methods: Totally 332 male patients with CA were enrolled from March 2015 to September 2017 at Henan Provincial People′s Hospital. By means of flow-through hybridization after polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the wart tissue HPV DNA genotypes were detected by gene chip. χ²test was used to perform statistical analysis. Results: Among 332 male CA patients, 239 was positive for HPV with the positive rate of 71.99% (95%CI: 67.16%-76.82%). A total of 37 kinds of genotypes, except for genotypes 26, 45, 69, 70, the others were all detected. The positive rate of genotype 6 was the highest in all detected genotypes (39.46%, 95%CI: 34.20%-44.72%) and the second one was genotype 11 (22.59%, 95%CI: 18.09%-27.09%), and the difference was significant (χ²=22.070, P<0.05). Among 239 HPV-positive CA patients, 158 were single infection and 139 were low-risk genotype (low-risk vs hight risk genotype: χ²=182.3, P<0.05), and 81 were multiple infection and 55 were mixed genotype (mixed vs low-risk genotype: χ²=32.241, P<0.05; mixed vs high-risk genotype: χ²=60.201, P<0.05). The CA patients mainly distributed in those aged 20 to 29 years, followed by those aged 30 to 39 years. Conclusions The genotypes of HPV infection in male patients with CA are mainly low-risk genotypes 6 and 11. Single infection is common, and the age of patients mainly distributes among 20 to 29 years old.

The relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and coronary artery disease (CAD) was investigated and the influence of environmental factors (Folate, VitB12) and genetic factors ［N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) or MTHFR gene mutation］ on plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels and the risk of CAD observed. Fifty-one CAD patients and 30 CAD-free subjects were recruited in the study. The polymorphisms of MTHFR gene were analyzed by PCR-RFLP and plasma total Hcy levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Plasma folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were measured by an automated chemiluminescence method. It was found that mean total plasma Hcy concentrations were significantly higher in CAD patients than in CAD-free subjects (P<0.01). The differences were also apparent among the three genotypes of MTHFR gene in CAD group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies between the two groups. A strong inverse correlation was found between folate or vitamin B12 and plasma Hcy levels according to MTHFR genotype (P<0.01). It was concluded that hyperhomocysteinemia is a new independent risk factor for CAD. However, MTHFR gene mutation alone does not relate significantly to the morbidity of CAD since hyperhomocysteinemia and its influence on the risk of CAD are decided by both environmental and genetic factors. Supplementary treatment with vitamins B can effectively lower the plasma levels of Hcy, thus maybe reduceing the risk of CAD.

The relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and coronary artery disease (CAD) was investigated and the influence of environmental factors (Folate, VitB12) and genetic factors ［N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) or MTHFR gene mutation］ on plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels and the risk of CAD observed. Fifty-one CAD patients and 30 CAD-free subjects were recruited in the study. The polymorphisms of MTHFR gene were analyzed by PCR-RFLP and plasma total Hcy levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Plasma folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were measured by an automated chemiluminescence method. It was found that mean total plasma Hcy concentrations were significantly higher in CAD patients than in CAD-free subjects (P<0.01). The differences were also apparent among the three genotypes of MTHFR gene in CAD group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies between the two groups. A strong inverse correlation was found between folate or vitamin B12 and plasma Hcy levels according to MTHFR genotype (P<0.01). It was concluded that hyperhomocysteinemia is a new independent risk factor for CAD. However, MTHFR gene mutation alone does not relate significantly to the morbidity of CAD since hyperhomocysteinemia and its influence on the risk of CAD are decided by both environmental and genetic factors. Supplementary treatment with vitamins B can effectively lower the plasma levels of Hcy, thus maybe reduceing the risk of CAD.

The present study aims to investigate the impact of hydrogen-rich water on the lactic acid level in metformin-treated diabetic rats under hypoxia. Thirty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, including normal diet group, and diabetes model (DM) group, DM + metformin treatment (DMM) group, DMM + hypoxia treatment (DMMH) group and DMMH + hydrogenrich water (DMMHR) group. We found that the levels of lactic acid, pyruvate and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly lower in the blood of DMMHR group than DMMH group. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels in liver and heart were significantly higher in DMMH group after hydrogen-rich water treatment, while malondialdehyde and oxidized glutathione levels were decreased in DMMHR group when compared with DMMH group, which indicates that hydrogen-rich water could reduce oxidative stress. qPCR analysis demonstrated that that pro-apoptotic genes Bax/Caspase-3 were upregulated in DM group and metformin treatment suppressed their upregulation (DMM group). However, hypoxic condition reversed the effect of metformin on apoptotic gene expression, and hydrogen-rich water showed little effect on these genes under hypoxia. HE staining showed that hydrogen-rich water prevented myocardial fiber damages under hypoxia. In summary, we conclude that hydrogen-rich water could prevent lactate accumulation and reduce oxidant stress in diabetic rat model to prevent hypoxia-induced damages. It could be served as a potential agent for diabetes patients with metformin treatment to prevent lactic acidosis and reduce myocardial damages under hypoxic conditions.

OBJECTIVE: A failed electrocardiography (ECG)-trigger often leads to a long acquisition time (TA) and deterioration in image quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and optimize the technique of self-gated (SG) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) for cardiac late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging of rats with myocardial infarction/reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance images of 10 rats were obtained using SG-LGE or ECG with respiration double-gating (ECG-RESP-gating) method at 7T to compare differences in image interference and TA between the two methods. A variety of flip angles (FA: 10°–80°) and the number of repetitions (NR: 40, 80, 150, and 300) were investigated to determine optimal scan parameters of SG-LGE technique based on image quality score and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). RESULTS: Self-gated late gadolinium enhancement allowed successful scan in 10 (100%) rats. However, only 4 (40%) rats were successfully scanned with the ECG-RESP-gating method. TAs with SG-LGE varied depending on NR used (TA: 41, 82, 154, and 307 seconds, corresponding to NR of 40, 80, 150, and 300, respectively). For the ECG-RESP-gating method, the average TA was 220 seconds. For SG-LGE images, CNR (42.5 ± 5.5, 43.5 ± 7.5, 54 ± 9, 59.5 ± 8.5, 56 ± 13, 54 ± 8, and 41 ± 9) and image quality score (1.85 ± 0.75, 2.20 ± 0.83, 2.85 ± 0.37, 3.85 ± 0.52, 2.8 ± 0.51, 2.45 ± 0.76, and 1.95 ± 0.60) were achieved with different FAs (10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, and 40°, respectively). Optimal FAs of 20°–30° and NR of 80 were recommended. CONCLUSION: Self-gated technique can improve image quality of LGE without irregular ECG or respiration gating. Therefore, SG-LGE can be used an alternative method of ECG-RESP-gating.
Animals ; Electrocardiography ; Gadolinium* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Rats* ; Respiration

Objective To assess the effects of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) during the first trimester on neuropsychological development of the offspring by 20-30 months. Methods In this study, 1 761 pregnant women from 10 hospitals with about 8 weeks of gestation were enrolled. Urinary iodine excretion and serum thyrotropin ( TSH ), free thyroxine ( FT4 ), and thyroid peroxidase antibody ( TPOAb ) levels were determined in all subjects. Pregnant women with SCH (TSH≥2.5 mIU/L) were divided into two subgroups using trimester-specific thyroid function reference: group A (2.5 mIU/L≤TSH＜3.93 mIU/L, 18 cases), and group B (TSH ≥3.93 mIU/L, 20 eases). Thirty euthyroid and TPOAb-negative women from the same cohort were selected as controls. Intellectual and motor development score evaluations were performed in the children by 20-30 months of age. Results Children of women with SCH and subgroups A and B had lower mean intelligence scores 6.55,3.39, and 9.40 points compared with those of the control group (P=0. 001, P=0. 125, and P＜0. 001 ); the respective mean motor scores were 6.31,4.35, and 8.07 points being lower than that of the control ( P=0. 003,P=0. 070, and P=0. 001 ). Intelligence scores and motor scores were negatively correlated with TSH levels (r=-0.425, P＜0. 001 and r=-0. 394, P=0. 001 ). Multiple group comparisons revealed that differences of TSH affected intelligence and motor scores (F=9. 277, P＜0. 001 and F=5. 909, P=0. 004). Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that possibilities for the reduction of filial mental development index ( MDI ) and psychomotor development index ( PDI ) scores in SCH with maternal TSH levels≥3.93 mIU/L were 8.66 and 6.27 times that of controls ( OR = 8.66,95% CI 2.72-27.57, OR =6.27,95% CI 2.03-19.34 ). Conclusion Maternal elevated TSH levels diagnosed by trimester-specific reference during early gestation are independently associated with lowered filial neurodevelopment scores by 20-30 months.

Objective To determine the factors that influence the development of abnormal thyrotropin (TSH) level in an euthyroid population.Methods We conducted a follow-up study in 3 communities with different iodine status.Of the 3403 euthyroid subjects at baseline screened in 1999,80.1% ( n = 2727 ) was visited and sampled in 2004 for measuring TSH,thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb).Results Iodine status in the 3 communities were stable.Decreased TSH level( <0.3 mU/L) developed in 2.5% (n =68) of sampled subjects,while raised TSH level( > 4.8 mU/L) in 2.4% (n = 64).A logistic analysis showed that risk factors for developing decreased TSH level included positive conversion of TPOAb (OR = 5.5 ),positive TPOAb both in 1999 and in 2004 ( OR = 4.0),positive TgAb in 2004 ( OR = 3.7) and TSH < 1.0 mU/L in 1999 ( OR = 2.6).Risk factors involved in developing raised TSH level included iodine status of Zhangwu community ( OR = 4.1 ),iodine status of Huanghua community ( OR = 3.9),positive TgAb in 2004 ( OR = 3.7 ),positive TPOAb both in 1999 and 2004 (OR =3.6),positive conversion of TPOAb (OR =2.7) and TSH > 1.9 mU/L in 1999 (OR = 2.6 ).Conclusions Exposure to long-term iodine excess imposes danger of developing hypothyroidism.The risk will be even higher when exposing to iodine adequacy after correction of iodine deficiency.An interval between 1.0 and 1.9 mU/L of TSH level was optimul with the least probability of developing abnormal TSH level.