China ; Humans ; Urology ; trends

No abstract available.
Animals ; Mice

BACKGROUND: Neonatal exposure to anesthetics induces neuronal apoptosis and long-term cognitive dysfunction in rodents. We showed that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase inhibitor apocynin not only reduces neurotoxicity by decreasing superoxide levels and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction but also improves long-term memory impairment in neonatal mice exposed to sevoflurane. We also found that after the contextual fear conditioning test, glutamatergic neurons expressed c-Fos (neural activation) regardless of previous exposure to sevoflurane. Moreover, there were fewer c-Fos-expressing glutamatergic neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) after exposure to sevoflurane than after exposure to carrier gas. In this study, we investigated whether the administration of apocynin prior to sevoflurane exposure would preserve glutamatergic neurons in the BLA. METHODS: Apocynin (50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into six-day-old male mice 30 min before 6 h of exposure to 3% sevoflurane or carrier gas only. The mice were allowed to mature and then were subjected to the contextual fear conditioning test. The neural activation and neuron population in the BLA were investigated 2 h later. RESULTS: Administration of apocynin prior to neonatal sevoflurane exposure not only prevented learning deficits but also preserved c-Fos-expressing glutamatergic neurons in the BLA. CONCLUSIONS: Apocynin mitigates the cognitive impairment induced by neonatal sevoflurane exposure and preserves c-Fos-expressing glutamatergic neurons in the basolateral amygdala.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Basolateral Nuclear Complex* ; Brain ; Cognition Disorders ; Humans ; Learning ; Male ; Memory, Long-Term ; Mice* ; NAD ; Neurons* ; Pediatrics ; Rodentia ; Superoxides

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis of a fetus with ventricular septal defect (VSD) by using modified noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for the detection of microdeletion syndromes. METHODS: Chromosomal karyotypes of the fetus and its parents were analyzed by G-banding technique. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was used to detect genomic copy number variations (CNVs) in cell-free fetal DNA. The results were verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS: The fetus and its parents all had a normal karyotype at 320-400 band level. NGS revealed a deletion of 1.30 Mb at 7q11.23 in the fetus, with a 93% overlap with that of Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS). The father also had a deletion of 1.42 Mb at 7q11.23, with a 99% overlap with that of WBS. Modified NIPT also detected the 1.30 Mb deletion at 7q11.23 in the fetus. The result of FISH has confirmed the above results. CONCLUSION It is necessary to carry out genetic testing on fetuses with VSD. NGS can detect fetal microdeletion syndromes and help to trace their parental origin. The modified NIPT for fetal chromosomal microdeletions/microduplication syndromes is highly accurate.
DNA Copy Number Variations ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Williams Syndrome

Objective:To invetigate the influencing factors and clinical significance of liver function damage (LFD) in patients diagnosed with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 51 patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the Sino-French New City Branch of Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology by the 5th group assisting team from the First Hospital of Jilin University from February 9th to 27th in 2020 were collected. There were 27 males and 24 females, aged from 36 to 86 years, with an average age of 68 years. The treatment modality was according to the diagnostic and therapeutic guideline for COVID-19 (Trial 6th edition) issued by National Health Commission. Observation indicators: (1) clinical data of patients; (2) analysis of liver function index and treatment of LFD; (3) analysis of influencing factors for LFD. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range). Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. The Logistic regression method was used for univariate analysis. Results:(1) Clinical data of patients: of the 51 patients, 21 were classified as ordinary type of COVID-19, 19 as severe type and 11 as critical type. In terms of medical history, 31 patients suffered from more than or equal to one kind of chronic disease, 20 had no history of chronic disease. Thirteen patients had the drinking history and 38 had no drinking history. Seven patients were hepatitis positive and 44 were hepatitis negative. Five patients had septic shock at admission, 5 had systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and 41 had neither shock nor SIRS. The body mass index (BMI), time from onset to admission, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate of the 51 patients were (24±3)kg/m 2, (13±5)days, 36.5 ℃ (range, 36.0-38.1 ℃), 82 times/minutes (range, 50-133 times/minutes), 20 times/minutes (range, 12-40 times/minutes). The white blood cell count, level of creatinine, and level of b-type natriuretic peptide within 24 hours after admission were 6.3×10 9/L [range, (2.2-21.7)×10 9/L], 75 μmol/L (range, 44-342 μmol/L), 214 ng/L (range, 5-32 407 ng/L). (2) Analysis of liver function index and treatment of LFD: the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin (DBil), indirect bilirubin (IBil), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were 31 U/L (range, 7-421 U/L), 29 U/L (range, 15-783 U/L), 36 U/L (range, 13-936 U/L), 76 U/L (range, 41-321 U/L), 4.9 μmol/L (range, 2.6-14.3 μmol/L), 5.8 μmol/L (range, 2.6-23.9 μmol/L), 37.2 s (range, 30.9-77.1 s), 13.9 s (range, 12.5-26.7 s), respectively. The percentages of cases with abnormal ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, DBil, IBil, APTT and PT were 47.1%(24/51), 47.1%(24/51), 35.3%(18/51), 13.7%(7/51), 7.8%(4/51), 2.0%(1/51), 21.6%(11/51), and 19.6%(10/51), respectively. Of the 51 patients, LFD was detected in 10 patients classified as ordinary type, in 9 patients as severe type, and in 10 as critical type, respectively. In the 51 patients, 1 of 22 patients with normal liver function developed respiratory failure and received mechanical ventilation within 24 hours after admission, while 9 of 29 patients with abnormal liver function developed respiratory failure and received mechanical ventilation, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=5.57, P<0.05). (3) Analysis of influencing factors for LFD. Results of univariate analysis showed that clinical classification of COVID-19 as critical type was a related factor for LFD of patients ( odds ratio=10.000, 95% confidence interval: 1.050-95.231, P<0.05). Conclusions:COVID-19 patients with LFD are more susceptible to develop respiratory failure. The clinical classification of COVID-19 as critical type is a related factor for LFD of patients.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) and global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) risk scores for in-hospital mortality in Chinese non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. Methods: Data of present study derived from the prospective, multi-center registry trial of Chinese AMI (CAMI). Among 31 provinces, municipalities or autonomous districts in China, at least one tertiary and secondary hospital was selected. From January 2013 to September 2014, 5 896 consecutive non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients who were admitted to 107 hospitals within 7 days of symptom onset were enrolled. For each patient, TIMI and GRACE risk scores were calculated using specific variables collected at admission. Their prognostic value was evaluated by the endpoint of in-hospital mortality. Results: Among 5 896 NSTEMI patients (age was (65.4±12.1) years old), 68.2% (n=4 020) were males. The in-hospital mortality was 6.0% (n=353) and the median length of hospital stay was 10.0 (7.0, 13.0) days. The incidence of pre-hospital cardiac arrest was 3.6% (n=213) among 5 896 NSTEMI patients. Six hundreds and forty five patients (10.9%) received primary percutaneous coronary intervention, and 6 patients underwent emergent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (0.1%), and the median time of reperfusion was 529.5 (256.0, 1 065.0) minutes. The prescription percentage of statins, β-blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers, and aldosterone antagonists were 94.8% (n=5 587), 71.7% (n=4 228), 65.5% (n=3 864) and 26.0% (n=1 533) respectively. The area under the curve of GRACE risk score for in-hospital mortality (0.7930 (95%CI 0.767-0.818)) was better than that of TIMI risk score (0.5588 (95%CI 0.532-0.586), P<0.001). Conclusion GRACE risk score demonstrates better predictive accuracy than TIMI risk score for in-hospital mortality in NSTEMI patients in this patient cohort.

OBJECTIVE： To screen the best proportion of Astragalus membranaceus injection combined with Erigeron breviscapus injection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS： Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group and administration group [different A. membranaceus injection-E. breviscapus injection proportion groups， being A（0 ∶ 10）， B（2 ∶ 8）， C（4 ∶ 6）， D（6 ∶ 4）， E（8 ∶ 2）， F（10 ∶ 0）groups， set by baseline geometric proportion increasing and decreasing design]， with 8 rats in each group. Except for sham operation group， reperfusion injury model of middle cerebral artery occlusion were induced by modified suture method in rats. The each administration group was given relevant medicine intraperitoneally once immediately after inducing model， and then given again after 24 hours （medication interval between the two injections of 30 min）. Constant volume of normal saline was given to rats in sham operation group and model group. Forty-eight hours after reperfusion， Longa scoring method was used to evaluate neurological impairment of rats， and neurological impairment score was recorded. Serum content of MDA and activity of SOD were measured by colorimetry assay. TTC assay was used to detect cerebral infraction， and cerebral infarction rate was calculated. Kim’s formula was used to calculate the synergistic index （q） of rats in administration groups. RESULTS： Compared with sham operation group， neurological impairment score and serum content of MDA were increased significantly in model group， while activity of SOD was decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. The area of cerebral infarction increased significantly， and the rate of cerebral infarction increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， neurological impairment scores and serum contents of MDA were decreased significantly in group A， B， C， D and E； neurological impairment score of group C was significantly lower than those of group A and F； serum contents of MDA in group B， C， D and E were significantly lower than that of group F （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Activities of SOD in group A， B， C， D and E were increased significantly， and group C was significantly higher than group F （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The cerebral infarction area of rats in each administration group was reduced to varying degrees. The cerebral infarction rates of rats in group B， C， D and E were significantly reduced， and group C and D were significantly lower than group F， while group C was significantly lower than group A （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The q values of group B， C， D and E were 0.90， 1.30， 1.00， 0.70 （neurological impairment score） and 0.79， 1.27， 0.98， 0.82 （cerebral infarction rate）. CONCLUSIONS： Different ratios of A. membranaceus injection and E. breviscapus injection have certain protective effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model rats， can relieve their neurological deficits， alleviate their oxidative stress and reduce their cerebral infarction areas. The effect of the combination of the two drugs is better than that of single use， and the optimum ratio is 4 ∶ 6.

Objective: To investigate the impact factors for central neck lymph node metastases(CLNM) of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC). Methods: A total of 498 patients with PTC who underwent total or hemi-thyroidectomy plus central neck lymph node dissection between January 2014 and July 2016 were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify clinicopathological characteristics, thyroid function parameters and US findings that associated with CLNM of PTC. A nomogram was developed to predict the probability of CLNM. The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) was used to estimate the efficiency of the nomogram. Results: Among 498 patients, 284 patients were affected by CNLM. The sensitivity and specificity of US in predicting PTC metastasis in the central neck were 31.3% and 88.3%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that gender, age, number and size of suspicious malignant nodules in thyroid, and suspicious lymph node metastasis detected by ultrasonography were independently correlated with CLNM. The ROC showed that the AUC was 0.748, with sensitivity of 80.8%, and specificity of 59.8%. Conclusions Gender, age, number and size of suspicious malignant nodules in thyroid, suspicious lymph node metastasis were predictive factors for CLNM in patients with PTC. The nomogram developed based on related factors with CLNM is more sensitive than sonographic central neck lymph node features in predicting the probability of CLNM.

We report a case of chromoblastomycosis caused by , which was successfully treated by long-pulsed 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser combined with terbinafine. A 60-year-old man was admitted for the presence of a 30 mm×40 mm erythematous plaque on the dorsum of his right hand for about 10 months without any subjective symptoms. Both microscopic examination and tissue biopsy of the lesion showed characteristic sclerotic bodies of chromoblastomycosis. Lesion tissue culture on SDA at 26 ℃ for 2 weeks resulted in a black colony, and slide culture identified the isolate as Fonsecaea species. ITS sequence analysis of the isolate showed a 99% homology with strain KX078407. The susceptibility of the isolate to 9 antifungal agents was determined using the microdilution method according to the guidelines of CLSI M38-A2 protocol, and terbinafine showed the lowest MIC (0.125 μg/ml). We subsequently established a Wistar rat model of chromoblastomycosis using the clinical isolate and treated the rats with long-pulsed 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser (pulse width of 3.0 ms, fluence of 24 J/cm, spot size of 3 mm, frequency of 4 Hz, repeated 3 times at an interval of 30 s) twice a week for a total of 8 sessions. Although the laser treatment alone was not able to eliminate the fungi, histopathological examination showed the aggregation of numerous lymphocytes in the local affected tissue, indicating an immune response that consequently facilitate the regression of the lesion. The patient was successfully treated by long-pulsed 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser once a week combined with terbinafine (0.25 /bid) for 8 weeks, and follow-up for 20 months did not reveal any signs of recurrence.
Animals ; Chromoblastomycosis ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Terbinafine ; Treatment Outcome