Choroidal neovascularization(CNV)is one of common causes of vision loss.The pathogenesis and development of CNV are a comprehensive process which is regulated by multiple factors and cytokines.Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)is an inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase and rate limiting enzyme in the prostaglandin biosynthesis pathway.COX-2 plays an important role in neovascularization by modulating vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),migration and apoptosis of endothelial cell.Recently,some experimental studies demonstrated that COX-2 involves in the information of CNV and the inhibitor of COX-2 can suppress CNV.These results provide a new prospect for the prevention and treatment of the CNV.Biological characteristics of COX-2 and its relationship with CNV are reviewed in this article.

Objective:To monitor the effects of asarone injections on the expression of IL-25, IL-27 and eosinophils cationic pro-tein ( ECP) in the serum of asthma patients. Methods:Totally 100 patients with bronchial asthma were randomly divided into the ob-servation group ( 55 cases ) and the control group ( 45 cases ) . The control group was treated with the conventional symptomatic treat-ment ( oxygen inhalation, spasmolysis and anti-asthma, and anti-infection, etc) . The observation group was given asarone injections 24 mg in 250 ml 0. 9% sodium chloride infusions, once a day for 14 days on the basis of the conventional therapy. The changes in symp-toms, and pulmonary function in the patients were observed with simultaneous detection of IL-25, ECP and IL-27 levels. Results:To-tal effective rate of the observation group was 92. 7%,which was higher than that of the control group (P<0. 05). Asarone injections could decrease IL-25, ECP and IL-27 levels in the observation group compared with those in the control group with statistically signifi-cant difference (P<0. 05 or 0. 01). Conclusion:Asarone injections can decrease the levels of IL-25, IL-27and ECP in the serum of asthma patients and inhibit the formation of inflammatory cells to alleviate the symptoms of airway inflammation.

Objective To compare the effect of video-assisted minithoracotomy(VAMT)and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)for spontaneous pneumothorax.Methods 98 patiens with spontaneous pneumothorax allocated to VAMT or VATS were selected.The operation time,blood loss during operation,score of postoperative pain,time of postoperative drainage,postoperative hospital stay,surgery cost,rate of complication and recurrence were compared between the two groups.Results All patients were cured.The operation time,postoperative hospital stay and surgery cost were significantly different between VAMT and VATS groups(all P ＜0.05).The parameters of two groups were similar in score of postoperative pain,time of post-operative drainage,blood loss during operation,rate of complication and recurrence(all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion VAMT was as effective as VATS,but the operation time,postoperative hospital stay and surgery cost was significantly better than VATS.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of ~(125)I seeds brachytherapy in advanced head and neck malignant tumor.METHODS Twelve patients with post-radiotherapy recurred laryngeal cancer with bilateral cervical lymph node metastasis, tongue cancer with bilateral cervical lymph node metastasis or recurred maxillary sinus cancer and so on were operated radically,and ~(125)I seeds were implanted in wound area during operation.RESULTS With a follow-up of 24 to 32 months,no tumor recurred in 11 patients,and only one patient with tongue cancer recurred at 6 month after operation.No local infection, acute radioactive lesion,vessel broken or seeds migration happened.CONCLUSION The ~(125)I brachytherapy can be used as one of the comprehensive treatment method in advanced head and neck malignant tumors,especially in the recurred tumors after operation or radiotherapy or in the cancer which can not be radically removed.It's also an effective method to improve local control in the subset of patients with doubtful positive margins.

Objective To explore the correlation between caring behavior and critical thinking of nursing students in clinical practice. Methods Totally 203 nursing students in clinical practice were investigated with Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory- Chinese Version (CTDI- CV) and Caring Behavior Scale (CBS). Results The structural model obtained a good fit. Critical thinking and caring behavior were positively correlated with each other(β=0.46,P<0.01). Conclusions Nursing students′caring behavior could improve their critical thinking. With the cultivation of critical thinking of nursing students, nursing educators should pay attention to improving their caring behavior.

Objective To investigate the treatment of inverted nipple by continual extension with S tractors made of Kirschner wires on the base of preliminary clinical obervation.Methods Under local anesthesia,with the inverted nipples being dragged out by a presutured thread or a pair of towel clips,a Kirschner wire of 10 cm long and 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter was transversly penetrated through the base of inverted nipple.Then the Kirschner wire was bended at both points of 1.5 cm distantly from the nipple center in clockwise cemicircularly.Two cemicircular Kirschner wires were folded downward hingelikely and the center axis was supported by two cemicircles.This folded S tractor pushed and supported the inverted nipple forwardly and constantly.The hinge angle was adjusted during the treatment according to the traction requirment.It was nessessary for wearing these S tractors for at least 6 months before the Kirschner wires were being taken out.During referrals,the hinge angle was revised for mentaining the extension efforts.Results We treated 32 cases of inverted nipple,total 58 moderate and severe lesions,with this method effectively.No infection was observed during the treatment.The nipple form was naturally and stably outstanding after Kirschner wires taken out.No relapses were observed during a mean 6 monthe following up.Conclusions This procedure is simple and convenient without the need of complicated surgical procedures or perplexed equipments.The nipple shaps are observed natural and stable after Kirschner wire is removed.No recurrences are observed.There are no damages to breastfeeding function.The obvious drawback of this method is its reqairing of long continuously wearing and its inconvenience.

Background It is estimated that discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) play an important role in the development of tumor angiogenesis.However,their effects on choroidal neovascularizaiton (CNV) have not been clarified yet.Objective This study was to observe the expression pattern of DDR2 and MMP-13 in CNV and to further investigate the regulation role of MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways to the expression of DDR2 and MMP-13 in CNV.Methods CNV models were established in 78 Brown Norway (BN) rats by retinal photocoagulation with 532 nm laser.Then the animals were randomly divided into the normal control group (n =7),the model control group (n =39),PD98059 (MEK1 inhibitor) group (n =16) and LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) group (n =16),and 5 mmol/L PD98059 or 5 mmol/L LY294002 3 μl was intravitreally injected 1 day and 7 days after photocoagulation in the PD98059 group or LY294002 group.The expression of DDR2 and MMP-13 mRNA and proteins in the CNV area were detected by using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR),and the expression levels of p-ERK/ERK and p-Akt/Akt protein were detected by Western blot assay.CNV thickness was measured by pathological examination 14 days after photocoagulation,and the changes of CNV thickness,the expression levels of DDR2 and MMP-13 in CNV were compared among the model control group,PD98059 group and LY294002 group.Results Three days after photocoagulation,the cells within the lasered lesions proliferated,then CNV formed 7 days after photocoagulation and became stable 14 days after photocoagulation.Immunohistochemistry staining indicated that DDR2 was weakly expressed in the cells of ganglion cell layer,inner nuclear layer and vascular endothelial cells;while MMP-13 was strongly expressed in the cells of the inner limiting membrane layer,photoreceptor layer and sclera layer.Both DDR2 and MMP-13 were strongly expressed in CNV area.Double immunofluorescence staining revealed that MMP-13 and DDR2 co-expression in CNV area.RT-PCR revealed that the relative DDR2 mRNA levels at 1 day,3 days,7 days and 14 days after photocoagulation were 55.22±4.03,47.74±2.23,14.82±4.56 and 5.59±2.47 respectively,while the relative MMP-13 mRNA levels were 25.54±3.83,43.51±4.36,10.90±4.00 and 5.23±3.23 respectively.Compared with the normal control group,the expression of DDR2 and MMP-13 were significantly increased (all at P＜0.05).Immunofluorescence staining showed that the relative fluorescence unit (RFU) values at 1 day,3 days,7 days and 14 days after photocoagulation were 2.73±0.53,5.21±0.31 and 3.22±0.33 for DDR2 and 1.66±0.17,3.57±0.44,2.67±0.21 for MMP-13,respectively.The RFU values in the PD98059 group and LY294002 group 14 days after photocoagulation were 1.14±0.19,1.03±0.14 for DDR2 and 1.37±0.25,1.24±0.20 for MMP-13,respectively.Compared with the model control group,the differences were statistically significant (both at P＜0.05).Western blot results showed that,compared to the normal control group,the expression levels of p-ERK and p-Akt pretein increased at day 7 after photocoagulation (both at P＜0.05),and returned back to the baseline at day 14 after photocoagulation (both at P＞0.05).Both PD98059 and LY294002 treatment were able to attenuate the thickness of CNV to 57.21％ and 50.34％ at day 14 after photocoagulation and further decrease the expression levels of DDR2 and MMP-13 in CNV (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions The expressions of DDR2 and MMP-13 up-regulate in laser-induced CNV.MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways suppress the development of CNV by regulating the expression of DDR2 and MMP-13.

Objective To investigate the effect of Octreotide on pancreatic head carcinoma patients with obstructive jaundice who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with pancreatic stent placement.Methods Niney-nine patients hospitalized in Department of Gastroenterology of Wuhan Central Hospital from Jan 2006 to Dec 2011 were included in this study.All the patients were diagnosed as pancreatic head carcinoma with obstructive jaundice.The patients were randomly divided into the Octreotide treatment group and the control group.Both groups underwent ERCP with pancreatic duct stent placement for malignant biliary obstruction.The patients in Octreotide treatment group were injected with subcutaneous Octreotide at a dose of 0.1 mg twice per day for more than 90 day till death.The changes of serum total bilirubin before and after treatment were compared.The improvement of symptoms of nausea,vomiting,abdominal pain,diarrhea and anorexia was compared.The complication rates and survival were also determined.Results Postoperative recurrence of jaundice was observed in six patients in control group,and the cause may be stent occlusion,and 3 of the 6 patients underwent a second ERCP and stent placement,then jaundice was relieved,the other 3 patients did not receive a second ERCP.The serum bilirubin level in the remaining 45 patients returned to basically normal value (below 2 times of the normal value).The prevalence of nausea,vomiting,abdominal pain,diarrhea and anorexia in the 2 groups was not statistically different before treatment,and after treatment the prevalence of symptoms in the 2 groups was significantly decreased except for diarrhea.The decrease in Octreotide treatment group was more obvious than that in control group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).In the control group,post-ERCP pancreatitis occurred in three patients,and all were cured after treatment.There was no post-ERCP pancreatitis occurred in the Octreotide treatment group.Minor pain at the injection site was noted in three patients in the Octreotide treatment group.Pain was relieved after changing the injection site.The survival was significantly longer in the Octreotide group than that in control group [(14.4 ± 8.7) months vs (7.3 ± 5.3) months,P ＜ 0.05),and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Octreotide can improve the quality of life and increase the survival of patients with pancreatic head carcinoma who undergo ERCP with pancreatic duct stent placement.

Objective To evaluate the cosmetic outcomes of nasal aesthetic sub-unit principle. Methods From May 2007 to March 2015,19 patients with traumatic soft tissue defects of nose had a Single-stage reconstruction with suitable reconstructive method. Full-thick-ness skin transplantation was performed in 1 case,forehead nasal flap in 1 case,bilobed flaps in 2 cases,nasolabial flaps in 9 cases,a folded nasolabial flap in 2 cases,free auricular composite flap in 1 case,the temporal flap pedicled with the orbicular oculi muscle in 3 cases. All pa-tients were followed up for 5~27 months,evaluation items were recorded and analyzed. Results Skin transplantation and local flap were all survived. But 1 case with nasolabial flap infected was healing by second intention,the rest were primary healing,free auricular composite flap was gloomy,and it became normal 5 months after operation. The radian and the curve of the folded nasolabial flap to repair the nasal alar area were slightly poor. Condusion Good aesthetic effets come from nasal aesthetic sub-unit principle in Single-stage soft tissue reconstruction of a traumatic nasal defects.

Objective Our previous study showed that cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are expressed in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and the expression of COX-2 is prior to VEGF, indicating that COX-2 is probably one of upstream regulatory factors of VEGF. The aim of this study was to observe inhibition and mechanism of intravitreous injection of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, on experimental choroidal neovascularization in a laser-induced rat model. Methods Retinal photocoagulation was performed in 36 right eyes of 36 male Brown Norway rats to establish CNV models with the laser parameter as follows:wavelength 532 nm, power 80 mW, spot diameter 100 p, m and time shutter 100 ms. Eight or ten spots were irradiated in the position of 1.5 - 2. 0 PD to optic disc. Celecoxib or normal saline solution was intravitreously injected via scleral incision in 18 right eyes of 18 rats, respectively. The thickness and area of CNV were qualified by HE staining(n =3) and by choroidal flatmount (n =3) at day 14 after photocoagulation under the light microscope. The expressions of VEGF and COX-2 in RPE-choroid-sclera complex were examined by Western blot(n =6) and RT-PCR(n =6) at day 7 after photocoagulation. The experimental procedure followed the Standard of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. The license for animal administration was obtained. Results After intravitreous injection with celecoxib, the thickness and area of CNV were significantly smaller in celecoxib group than normal saline group on 14 days (69. 75 μm ± 7. 50 μm vs 45. 84 μm ± 5. 59 μm in thickness and 87 854 pixel~2 ± 6 735 pixel~2 vs 61 101 pixel~2 ± 6 314 pixel~2 in area, P =0.00). The expressions of VEGF protein and mRNA were obviously lower in celecoxib group compared with normal saline group(t = 3. 755, P = 0.02; t =3. 155, P =0. 03) . No significant difference was found in expression of COX-2 mRNA between the two groups (t = 0. 581, P = 0. 59). Conclusion Intravitreous injection of celecoxib can effectively inhibit CNV by downregulating VEGF level, which is a new approach for the treatment of CNV.