ObjectiveTo observe the infection of continuous aspiration of subglottic secretion(CASS) for patients with ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP).MethodsOne hundred and fifty VAPpatients under mechanical ventilation whose basical information were recorded were divided into two groupsby random digits table method:control group(70 cases) and CASS group(80 cases).Conventional VAPprevention was taken in control group and CASS group,while CASS therapy was added to CASS group.ResultsSex,age,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ score,recent antibiotics usage,airpressure,time in ICU,hospital stay and mortality rate of two groups had no statistical significance(P ＞0.05 ).The time of ventilator treatment of CASS group was obviously shorter than that of control group [ (5.2 ±1.4) d vs.(7.8 ± 1.2) d,P =0.02 ],and VAP incidence was lower than that of control group [ 22.5％ (18/80)vs.32.9％(23/70),P =0.04 ].ConclusionCASS could reduce the incidence of VAP and short the time ofventilator treatment.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of losartan combined with amiodarone in cardioversion of atrial fibrillation(AF)and maint of sinus rhythm in patients with paroxysmal AF.Methods From January 2003 to October 2005,a total of 86 consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF in 421 Hospital of PLA were randomly dividid into two group:group A(amiodarone,n=44)and.group B(amiodarone plus losartan n=42).The conversion of atrial fibrillation in 24 h,3 d and 7 d after therapy was investigated.The left atrial diameter was measured with transthoracic echocardiogram at before and after 6,12-months of treatment andyzed up to 12 months.Results The rate of cardioversion of AF is significantly higher in group A than group B at 7 d(86.36% vs 95.23%,P

BACKGROUND:Both osteopontin and hyaluronic acid involve in the pathological process of osteoarthritis, resulting in the abnormal expression levels of various cytokines and enzymes. However, the relationship between the high expression of osteopontin and hyaluronic acid in chondrocytes remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of osteopontin on the expression of hyaluronic acid in human knee osteoarthritic chondrocytes in vitro by modulating the level of osteopontin.
METHODS:Chondrocytes from human knee osteoarthritic cartilage were cultured in vitro, and were then divided into three groups:blank control group without any treatment;osteopontin group and and pontin siRNA group were treated with 1 mg/L recombinant human osteopontin and osteopontin siRNA, respectively. Expression levels of osteopontin, hyaluronic acid synthase 1, 2 and 3 mRNA were detected by real-time PCR, and the levels of hyaluronic acid were measured using ELISA.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the blank control group, the mRNA expressions of hyaluronic acid synthase 1, 2 and 3 were remarkably increased in the osteopontin group, while siRNA made the significantly inhibitory effects on the hyaluronic acid synthase 1, 2 and 3 mRNA expressions (P<0.05). The level of hyaluronic acid in chondrocytes in the osteopontin group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P<0.05). Our results suggest that osteopontin induces the synthesis of hyaluronic acid in osteoarthritic chondrocytes through upregulating the hyaluronic acid synthases expression levels.

BACKGROUND:Pain after arthroscopic treatment can not only affect the patient’s life quality, and is not
conducive to the early reasonable exercise and functional recovery of the patients after treatment. Up to 2012, there are 18 randomized placebo-control ed trials on intra-articular injection of bupivacaine for analgesia after arthroscopic surgery, but the results are different.
OBJECTIVE:To examine the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injection of bupivacaine in the management of pain after arthroscopic surgery through randomized placebo-control ed trials.
METHODS:The MEDLINE database, Cochrane Central Register and Google Scholar database were retrieved for the randomized control ed trials on intra-articular injection of bupivacaine in the management of pain after
arthroscopic surgery up to April 2012. The key words were“bupivacaine, intra-articular, arthroscopic, postoperative pain, placebo”.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Eighteen studies (n=934) were included (461 cases in bupivacaine group and 473
cases in the placebo control group). The Meta-analysis results showed the visual analog scale score of the bupivacaine group was lower than that of the placebo control group (weighted mean difference:-1.39, 95%confidence interval:-2.17 to-0.61, P<0.000 01), and the number of patients required supplementary analgesia was less than the placebo control group (relative risk:0.84, 95%confidence interval:0.62 to 1.66, P=0.010). The time from first supplementary analgesia to postoperative intra-articular injection in the bupivacaine group was longer that in the placebo control group (weighted
mean difference:157.72, 95%confidence interval:16.43 to 299.01, P<0.000 01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effect between two groups (relative risk:0.64, 95%confidence interval:0.29 to 1.44, P=0.48). On the basis of the currently available literature, the intra-articular of bupivacaine after arthroscopic surgery can significantly relieve pain without increasing the adverse reactions when compared with the placebo control group.

BACKGROUND:Progressive fracture of the cartilage is considered the characteristic lesion in later osteoarthritis, the expression of osteoarthritis-related factors such as hyaluronic acid, osteopontin and CD44 in osteoarthritic cartilage is increased.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of hyaluronic acid on the expression of osteopontin mRNA and CD44 mRNA of chondrocytes in the in vitro cultured chondrocytes of patients with knee osteoarthritis.
METHODThe cartilage samples obtained from osteoarthritic patients were cultured and purified into acquire chondrocytes in vitro, and the cells were divided into three groupblank control group, hyaluronic acid (100 mg/mL) group and hyaluronidase (200 mg/mL) group. After 48 hours of cellculture, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect the expression of CD44 mRNA and osteopontin mRNA. The difference of the expression levels before and after the intervention of hyaluronic acid was compared and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the blank control group, hyaluronic acid (100 mg/mL) upregulated osteopontin mRNA expression in the chondrocytes, hyaluronidase (200 mg/mL) also reduced osteopontin mRNA expression in the chondrocytes. The CD44 mRNA expression in the chondrocytes of hyaluronic acid (100 mg/mL) group and hyaluronidase (200 mg/mL) group was lower than that in the blank control group. Hyaluronic acid can upregulate the expression of the osteopontin mRNA expression in the osteoarthritic chondrocytes;the biphasic effects of hyaluronic acid on CD44 mRNA expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes might be associated with the molecule weight of hyaluronic acid.

Objective To observe the surface structures of cardiovascular endothelial cells in situ with atomic force microscope (AFM). Methods Fresh aorta and aortic valve were dissected from 10 healthy male New Zealand white rabbits. Before fixed in 1% formaldehyde, the fresh tissues were washed in the buffer phosphate solution. Under general microscope, the fixed aorta or valve was spread on the double side stick tape which had already been stuck on the glass slide. The intima of aorta or the aorta side of valve was towards upside. Then the specimen was dried under 37 degrees centigrade in an attemperator and was washed with pure water. After dried again, the specimen was loaded on the platform ofNanoScope llla AFM and was scanned in tapping mode with the scanning speed of 0.5 HZ. Results The surface structures of endothelial cell on the fixed and dried tissue could be obsserved clearly in situ with AFM. Aortic endothclial cells were large, branched and arranged sparsely and parallel to the direction of blood flow, whereas endothelial cells on aorta valve surface were small, less branched and arranged intensively and vertical to the direction of blood flow. When the scanning range was dwindled, granular ultra-structures could be observed on the surface of endothelial cells, and, as the scanning range was dwindled further, fissure and convolution could be seen on the surface of granules from aortic endothelial cells. Centre cavity and surrounding swelling volcano-like structure could be seen on the surface of granules from endothelial cells of aortic valve. Conclusions It's feasible to observe the surface ultra-structures of cardiovascular endothelial cells in situ with AFM and morphological information provided by A FM might be of clinical value in future histopathological diagnosis.

14 aged patients received radiofrequency current ablation(RFCA)to treat drug-refractory tachycardia. The success rate was 97%(13/14).In conjunction with the charcteristicaof aged patients often with long clinical history and apt to be complicated,the paper especially discussed the distinctive feature of application of RFCA to aged patients.

ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and side effects of paroxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of post-stroke depression (PSD).Methods82 PSD patients were randomly divided into the paroxetine group (n=42) and amitriptyline group (n=40). Before the treatment and at the ends of 2nd, 4th and 8th week after the treatment, all patients in two groups were assessed with Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and TESS.ResultsAfter treatment, HAMD scores of patients of two groups were decreased significantly (P<0.01), but no difference was found between two groups. The side effects of the paroxetine group were obviously fewer and milder than that of amitriptyline group (P<0.01).ConclusionParoxetine is an effective and safe drug in the treatment of PSD.

Objective:To observe the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with divergent shock wave on muscle spasm in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury,and to explore a new clinical treatment method for the disease. Method:Fifity-nine patients with traumatic spinal cord injury with muscle spasm from January 2017 to June 2021 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group(n=30)and the control group(n=29)with the method of random number table.The patients in the observation group received repeated transcranial magnet-ic stimulation combined with divergent shock wave therapy,while the patients in the control group received ba-clofen treatment.Both groups received conventional rehabilitation therapy,including exercise therapy,acupunc-ture and massage.The treatment time was 8 weeks.The modified Ashworth score,Barthel index and SF-36 score of the patients in the observation group and the control group were compared before and after treatment. Result:After treatment,the effective rate of the observation group was 86.67％,which was significantly high-er than that of the control group(P＜0.05).The total score of Barthel index and SF-36 score of the two groups were significantly increased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).The Barthel index and SF-36 score in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion:Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with divergent shock wave can effectively im-prove the symptoms of muscle spasm in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury and can fully improve their ability of daily life and quality of life,which has achieved good clinical efficacy.

OBJECTIVETo construct eukaryotic expression vectors for different domains (V and VC1) of the extracellular region of the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and investigate the roles of these domains in prostate cancer.

METHODSThe coding sequence of V and VC1 domains was amplified from the plasmid pcDNA3-HA-RAGE by PCR and cloned into the pcDNA3-HA vector following routine procedures. After identification by PCR and sequencing, the vectors including V and VC1 domains were transfected into PC-3 cells. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression and distribution of the expressed products in transfected PC-3 cells.

RESULTSThe expression vectors containing V and VC1 domains of RAGE were successfully constructed as confirmed by PCR and DNA sequence analysis. The V and VC1 domains of RAGE were highly expressed and showed a cytoplasmic distribution in transfected PC-3 cells.

CONCLUSIONThe constructed eukaryotic expression vectors for V and VC1 domains of RAGE can be efficiently expressed in prostate cancer cells.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Male ; Plasmids ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products ; Receptors, Immunologic ; metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transfection