Objective To study the etiology,prophylaxis,and management of complications after transurethral prostatectomy. Methods Clinical data of 73 patients with benigh prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) undergoing transurethral resection of prostate(TURP) or transurethral vaporization of prostate(TUVP) in this hospital from August 2002 to August 2005 were reviewed.Complications occurred in 14 patients,including severe bleeding in bladder in 2 patients,postoperative urinary retention in 5 patients,urethral stricture in 2 patients,urinary incontinence in 2 patients,TURP syndrome due to the perforation of the prostatic membrane in 2 patients,and lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis in 1 patient. Results A conversion to open surgery was required in 1 patient with severe bleeding in bladder and no re-bleeding happened.In another patient with severe bleeding in bladder,a trilumen single balloon catheter was intriduced into the bladder for continuous bladder irrigation with normal saline or iced normal saline,in association with medical therapy,to obtain a full recovery of voiding function without re-bleeding.Among 5 patients with urinary retention after operation,a re-operation of TURP was conducted in 2 patients and a dilatation of the urethra in association with oral symptomatic medication was carried out in 3 patient.No recurrence of urinary retention was noted and a re-examination of the maximum flow values(Qmax) at 1~3 months after operation revealed more than 15 ml/s.The voiding function recovered well in 2 patients with urethral stricture after periodic dilatation of the urethra.Permanent cystostomy was performed in 2 patients with urinary incontinence.In 2 patients with TURP syndrome,the operation was terminated immediately and active symptomatic treatment was conducted.The two patients experienced stable vital signs and a good recovery of voiding function.The patient with lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis was cured 2 weeks later. Conclusions Urinary retention and urethral stricture are common complications following transurethral resection of prostate.Careful selection of patients,strict adherence to technique,and timely and proper management of complications are considered essential to improve results.

Objective To suggest the developmental direction of geriatrics based on the current status of domestic and international gerontological researches. Methods Professional literature in the gerontological field published domestically and abroad in recent 10 years were retrieved, and the current status and trend of progress in gerontology were analyzed. Results In recent 10 years, great progress was witnessed in geriatrics both in basic research and clinical diagnosis and treatment. With indept research concerining aging and anti-aging genetics, the secrets of prolonging longevity and the underlying mechanism of senescence of human being would be revealed, thus a theoretical basis for anti-aging strategy could be formalated. The research on multi-organ dysfunction, hypertension, coronary heart disease, multi-factor heart failure and senile degenerative valvular heart disease, Alzheimer disease, senile pulmonary disease and osteoporosis, and other common diseases in aged individuals might be able to reveal the clinical characteristics, improvement in their diagnostic accuracy, prevention, and control. The development of evidence-based medicine and community medicine would contribute to improve the quality of life and physical and mental health of the elderly people. Conclusions Gerontological research should focus on the causes and features of aging in the future to guide the clinical practice with the latest research findings, new medicines and prevention measures of common chronic diseases in elderly people, and also focus on community medicine to improve prevention and health care for the elderly people.

The esophageal-gastric junction adenocarcinoma (AEG) is neither completely equivalent to esophageal squamous carcinoma, but also different from the distal gastric adenocarcinoma. This article begins from the concept and classification of AEG, reviews the diagnosis and treatment status of advanced AEG, and explores the molecular classification of gastric adenocarcinoma and AEG, and looks ahead the future of diagnosis and treatment of AEG according to molecular classification.

BACKGROUND: Bioglass is a kind of bioactive material to repair the bone defect and promote the bone growth. Many studies have focused on the underlying mechanism of promoting the proliferation of osteoblasts, but no reports concerns about the human osteoblast growth cycle. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of bioglass on human osteoblasts growth cycle in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An observation study osteoblasts growth cycle in vitro was performed in the Haematology Research Institute of Jiangsu Province and Department of Thrombus, Haematology Research Institute of Soochow University First Affiliated Hospital between October 2005 and March 2006. MATERIALS: Nine specimens of trabecular bone were harvested from femoral head following total hip replacement and other three specimens of trabecular bone were harvested from condyles of femur following total hip replacement. Bioglass conditioned medium was produced by Gibco Company (USA) and Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) was produced by Hangzhou Sijiqing Biological Engineering Materials Co., Ltd (China). METHODS: The ionic products of bioglass had been introduced to a cell culture medium by dissolving bioglass particles into DMEM fluid at 37 ℃ for 24 hours. The modified DMEM with ionic products of bioglass dissolution was used as the experimental medium, while the DMEM without bioglass modification was used as the control medium. The human osteoblasts isolated from trabecular bone were treated by the mediums and the time of osteoblast growth cycle was examined. Osteoblasts were treated for 7 days with two kinds of culture media. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cell growth index as determined using MTT colourimetry. The percentages of human osteoblasts at presynthetic phase, synthesis phase, post-synthesis phase were recorded by flow cytometry every day, resulting in the cell proliferation activity index, synthesis phase fraction and proliferous index. RESULTS: The concentration of Si in the bioglass conditional medium was 26.12% of the control medium (P

The clinical guidelines of standard chemotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC) were mainly from the recommendation of national comprehensive cancer network(NCCN),CNCCN and euro- pean society for medical oncology(ESMO).The key to success of mCRC is how to understand and apply these clinical guidelines correctly.Along with the appearance of evidence by newer and better evidence-based medicine,there guidelines will be revised at any time.In the clinical application,the newest guideline should be used according to the practical status of our country,in order to imorove the therapeutic effect of mCRC.

A novel layered target is designed to evaluating the axial resolution of very -high -frequency B -type ultrasonoscope. Compared with the conventional target made of tungsten wire, the target proves to be accurate, reliable and easy to make and to use, and thus it is a potential gauge or a test tool.

The study process of TCM syndrome spectra of hemopathy is the process to recognize the syndrome characteristics of the onset, development of hemopathy, it bases on norm of TCM symptoms and syndrome. In this course, it could not only find common feature of syndrome,but also analyze distribution regularity of TCM syndrome. Thus to establish sequence of hemopathic syndrome, and to provide the basis for clinic determination of treatment based on syndrome differentiation, and provide the foundation for finding correlation of TCM syndrome and target tests.

Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease(CKD) worldwide,and its rising prevalence may explain much of the increase in the incidence of kidney failure.Even when DM is not the cause of kidney disease,the coexistence of CKD and DM presents unique problems that need to be recognized and managed appropriately to optimize the outcomes.The objective of this article is to outline the management of glycemia in patients with DM of stage Ⅳ-Ⅴ and CKD ≥ stage Ⅲ,followed by a review of the appropriate use of available hypoglycemic agents for such patients,with an emphasis on the newer classes of the agents.

With the continuous improvement of the diagnosis rate of benign pancreatic disease and the younger age of disease onset,the demand for minimally invasive pancreatic surgery is increasing,meanwhile,how to keep the normal pancreatic tissue as much as possible to reduce the impact on the patients' life has gained surgeons' thinking.The Da Vinci robotic surgical system,providing a clearer 3D vision and more accurate operation,makes some difficult minimally invasive pancreatic surgery such as pancreaticoduodenectomy can be carried out extensively.Based on clinical experiences and related literatures,this paper will analyze the present situation of Da Vinci robot-assisted pancreatic surgery and give prospects.

A ball milling method which is green with simple-manipulation and low-cost was used to prepare graphene as precursor for graphene quantum dots (GQDs) synthesis.Subsequently, GQDs with good dispersibility, uniform size distribution, average diameter of (4.80 ± 0.20) nm and 1-3 layers were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method.The morphology, structure and optical properties of the GQDs were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy.Furthermore, the GQDs were used in label-free and specific detection of ferric ion (Fe.3+) with broad linear ranges of 2.0×10.-6-7.0×10.-4 mol/L and low detection limit of 1.8 × 10.6 mol/L (S/N=3).The possible mechanism was also discussed and the application of GQDs for Fe.3+ detection in tap water was demonstrated.Finally, based on their low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility, the as-prepared GQDs were successfully applied to efficient cell imaging.This work provides a new way for preparation of carbon-based nanomaterials and build a foundation for deepening applications of GQDs in bio-/chem-analysis, bioimaging, etc.