Objective To investigate the effectiveness and cost of 50% and 80% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (NESWP) and 26% metaldehyde and niclosamide suspension concentrate (MNSC) in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions, so as to provide insights into the selection of chemical molluscicides in hilly regions. Methods In September 2020, a wasteland in Guanshanqiao Village, Yanrui Township, Yushan County of Jiangxi Province was selected as the experimental region, which was sectioned into five blocks and defined as four experimental groups (A₁, A₂, B, C) and a blank control group (D). 80% NESWP were given at doses of 1 g/m² and 1.5 g/m² in groups A₁ and A₂ using the spraying method, 50% NESWP was given at a dose of 2 g/m² in Group B using the spraying method, and 26% MNSC was at a dose of 4 g/m² in Group C using the spraying method, while no chemical treatment was given in Group D. Snail survey was performed using a systematic sampling method before chemical treatment and 1, 3, 7 d and 15 d post-treatment to examine the molluscicidal effect, and all molluscicidal costs were estimated to calculate the cost of chemical treatment per 1 m² and the cost of the reduction in the mean density of living snails per 1%. Results The highest mortality of snails was 78.95% and the lowest density of living snails was 0.2388 snails/0.1 m² in the experimental groups within 7 d of chemical treatment, and the highest mortality of snails was 94.74% and the lowest density of living snails was 0.058 0 snails/0.1 m² 7 d post-treatment. There were no significant differences in the snail mortality among the A₁, A₂, B and C groups 1 (χ² = 2.250, P > 0.05), 3 (χ² = 1.779, P > 0.05) or 15 d post-treatment (χ² = 2.286, P > 0.05), while a significant difference was detected in the snail mortality among the four groups 7 d post-treatment (χ² = 7.990, P = 0.046). In addition, there were no significant differences in the snail mortality between A₁ and A₂ groups 1 (χ² = 0.724, P > 0.05), 3 (χ² = 0.584, P > 0.05), 7 (χ² = 0.400, P > 0.05) or 15 d post-treatment (χ² = 0.251, P > 0.05). The costs of chemical treatment per 1 m² were 0.58, 0.60, 0.64 Yuan and 0.73 Yuan in groups A₁, A₂, B and C, and the costs of the mean density of living snail per 1% reduction were 19.29, 20.44, 21.68 Yuan and 23.53 Yuan in groups A₁, A₂, B and C, respectively. Conclusion 80% NESWP shows a high molluscicidal efficacy and low cost in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions.

The genotypes of extended spectrum β-laetamases(ESBLs) and AmpC β-lactamases produced by Enterococcus gallinarum isolated from chloebia gouldiae were determined to elucidate the evolution mechanism of the resistant genes.The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 18 antibacterial drugs against the Enterococcus gallinarum were detected with two dilution method,and the ESBLs and AmpC β-lactamases from the bacterium were amplified by PCR using the primers of TEM,SHV,CTX-M,ACC,CIT,DHA,EBC,FOX and MOX,respectively.The PCR products were cloned and then the cloned fragments were sequenced to identify their genotypes and subtypes.The bacterium was proved to be a ESBL-producing and AmpC β-lactamase-producing bacterium,showing severe resistant to the other drugs,except the third and forth cephalosporins,carbopenems and fosfomycin.Compared with that of AJ847364 (TEM-116),the sequence of the TEM-type was characterized by two nucleotide mutations (512T→A and 695A→C),which led to two mutations of amino acids(17111e→Lys and 232Lys→Thr),showing that the detected TEM-type was a new genotype,the sequence of the AmpC β-lactamase was similar to that of EF078894 (ACT-like type)with a 97% homology.The genotype of ESBLs of Enterococcus gallinarum was a new TEM-type derived from the TEM-type ESBLs of klebstella pneumoniae isolated from the same avian.The genotype of AmpC lactamase was ACT-type,which probably concerned with β-1actam antibiotics used.

Objective To investigate the cardiovascular risk factors in perimenopausal women and evaluate the risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods A total of 692 perimenopausal women permanent residents in a community of Zhengzhou from September, 2014 to May, 2015 were selected using multi-stage random sampling. Their age, blood pressure, body weight, smoking history, history of diabetes and fast-ing blood glucose, blood lipid and other information were collected. They were assessed with The National 10-Year Risk Assessment for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease (ICVD). Results Prevalence of the cardiovascular risk factors screened for were as follow:hypertension 14.3%, dyslipidemia 32.1%, overweight or obesity 59.2%, type 2 diabetes mellitus 7.9%, smoking 0.6%. The absolute risk for ICVD in the next 10 years averaged as (2.01 ± 3.04)%, and increased with age. The incidence of high blood pressure, high total cholesterol, smoking, as well as the level of risk for ICVD were different among various age groups. Conclusion The cardiovascular factors are not controlled ideal-ly in the perimenopausal women, and result in high risk of cardiovascular disease, which need a set of intervention as their risk stratification.

Objective To explore the association between body mass index and blood pressure , blood glucose, blood lipids and the 10-year risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) among the middle-aged population and to provide theoretical evidence to prevent cardiovascular disease among overweight and obese mid-dle-aged population in the community. Methods A total of 1,628 middle-aged residents having health examina-tions in Hangdong and Nanguan Community Health Service Center in Guancheng District of Zhenghzou City from September 2014 to September 2015 were selected as subjects and were divided into three groups: normal group , overweight group, and obesity group according the size of the body mass index. The relationship among BMI , blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids and the 10-year risk of ICVD was explored. Results The preva-lence of overweight and obesity in the population was 47.97% and 15.72% respectively. There was significant dif-ference in body mass index , systolic blood pressure , fasting blood glucose , blood lipids and the distribution of the 10-year risk for ICVD (all P < 0.05). The incidence of hypertension, hyperglycosemia and hyperlipidemia increased with the increase of BMI (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that over-weight and obesity were independent risk factors of hypertension , hyperglycosemia and hyperlipidemia (OR =2.144, 1.911, 2.028). Conclusions The prevalence of overweight and obesity among middle-aged population is high in Guancheng District of Zhengzhou City. Overweight and obesity co-exit with other cardiovascular risk factors. Normal BMI is important to reduce the level of risk for CVD and the 10-year risk of ICVD.

Objective: To analyze the acute effects of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components on primary school students lung function, so as to provide a scientific basis for protecting childrens respiratory health. Methods: From 2019 to 2021, the study selected a total of 2 120 primary school students from grades 3 to 5 in Tianjin using a stratified random sampling method to undergo lung function tests. At the same time, the shortterm exposure levels were simulated by combining PM2.5 components and student addresses, and the acute impact of PM2.5 exposure on primary school students lung function was analyzed by generalized linear models (GLM) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models. Results: The average daily concentration of PM2.5 in the air of Tianjin from 2019 to 2021 was 81.14 μg/m3, which was higher than the national standard. The results of lung function testing showed that there was no statistically significant difference in lung function measurement indicators such as forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), 75% forced expiratory volume in 75 (FEF75), and 25% forced expiratory volume in 25 (FEF25) among primary school students in different regions of Tianjin (F=1.23, 0.87, 2.34, 1.56, 0.98, P>0.05). But the GLM analysis results showed that all components of PM2.5 in the air had adverse effects on the lung function indicators of primary school students. When the concentrations of fluorene (FLU) and pyrene (PYR) increased by 10 ng/m3, the FVC of primary school students decreased by 166.44 and 61.94 L respectively. The WQS regression model analysis results showed that the mixed exposure of PM2.5 components particularly significant damaging effects on lung function indicators in primary school students, especially the FLU and PYR components in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as the heavy metal lead. Conclusions Both single and mixed exposure to various PM2.5 components in the air have adverse effects on the lung function of primary school students. Among them, the influences of FLU and PYR in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as heavy metal Pb, are particularly significant.Potential pollution sources should be controlled to protect the respiratory health of primary school students by comprehensive prevention and control measures.

;Objective To explore the safety and effectiveness of renal capsular artery embolization(RCAE)combined with superselective renal artery embolization(SRAE)in the treatment of traumatic renal hemorrhage(TRH).Methods A total of 50 patients with TRH were retrospectively selected.Among them,25 patients in the observation group were treated with RCAE combined with SRAE;25 patients in the control group were treated with SRAE.The patients were followed up for 3 months,in which the improvement of related indicators and symptoms during the perioperative period and the occurrence of related complications within 3 months after surgery were recorded.Results Both groups of patients successfully underwent interventional surgery to control renal bleeding.There were no statistically significant differences in the location of vascular injury,angiographic manifestations,and embolization materials used for renal artery embolization(RAE)between the two groups(P＞0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in preoperative hemoglobin(Hb),visual analogue scale(VAS)score of renal pain,serum creatinine(Scr),systolic blood pressure,postoperative 7 d Scr and postoperative 1 month systolic blood pressure between the two groups(P＞0.05).When comparing postoperative 24 h Hb and VAS score of renal pain between the two groups,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The postoperative satisfaction rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,and the postoperative hospitalization time was shorter than that of the control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion The treatment of TRH in both groups can increase Hb 24 h after surgery and reduce VAS score of renal pain 24 h after surgery.Compared with the control group,the observation group significantly can improve postoperative 24 h Hb and patient satisfaction rate,reduce postoperative 24 h VAS score of renal pain,and reduce postoperative hospitalization time.RCAE combined with SRAE is a safe,effective,and minimally invasive hemostasis method for the treatment of TRH and is worthy of promotion.

Objective:To study the effects of the combined application of NaF and Nisin on Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans).Meth-ods:The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of Nisin and NaF against S.mutans was determined by microdilution method respec-tively.The fractional inhibitory concentration(FIC)was calculated by checkerboard method.The inhibition effect of the combination of NaF and Nisin at(NF)the same MIC concentration on acid production and acid resistance of S.mutans was detected.Crystal violet staining was used to detect the effects of NF in the inhibition of the biofilm formation,and the damage and dispersion of the established biofilms.The changes of the biofilms were observed by CLSM.Results:The MIC of NaF and Nisin was 0.6 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL re-spectively.The FIC was 0.75.The 1/8×MIC NF showed significantly higher inhibition on acid production and biofilm formation than 1/4×MIC NaF or Nisin(P＜0.05),but it has no obvious dispersion effect on established biofilms.The 1/2×MIC NF showed stronger in-hibition effect on the acid resistance of S.mutans in the membrane than 1×MIC NaF or Nisin(P＜0.05).At the concentration of 2x MIC,any component didn't cause obvious damage on the established biofilm structure.Conclusion:Nisin and NaF have synergistic in-hibitory effects on the proliferation,acid production,acid resistance and biofilm formation of S.mutans.

Objective:To explore the optimal acceleration factor and feasibility of the compressed SENSE (CS) technique in non-contrast MR coronary angiography (NMRCA) for clinical practice.Methods:The image data of completed coronary CTA and 3.0 T NMRCA sequence in 31 patients with suspected coronary heart disease were prospectively recruited at Fuyang People′s Hospital from August 2021 to November 2021. NMRCA sequences included conventional SENSE2 sequence and CS sequences with acceleration factors of 4, 5, and 6, respectively. The subjective scores of image quality and the objective scores, the contrast ratios between assessed coronaries and myocardium (CMCR) were compared among the 4 groups using the Friedman and Wilcoxon rank sum test.Results:Compared with the conventional SENSE2 [(343±46)s], the scan time of CS4 (269±36), CS5 (214±29) and CS6 (178±26) s were shortened by 21.5%, 37.5% and 48.0%, respectively. There was a good consistency between the subjective scores of the four groups (Kappa=0.769, 95% Cl 0.738-0.800). There was no significant difference in subjective score and CMCR value between CS4 and SENSE2 ( P>0.05). The coronary artery segments of CS5 and CS6 were significantly different from SENSE2 group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:For 3.0 T NMRCA, CS technology shows high feasibility. The CS4 can reduce imaging time while ensuring high-quality coronary arterial images, which has a well-established clinical application value for NMRCA.

Objective To evaluate the postoperative analgesia efficacy and clinical safety of hydro-morphone patients-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)in patients with scar pregnancy after auxiliary uterine artery embolization(UAE).Methods A total of 116 patients with scar pregnancy,who received auxiliary UAE at the Fuyang Municipal People's Hospital of China between January 2021 and September 2022,were enrolled in this study.According to the intravenous self-controlled analgesic drugs used after UAE,the patients were randomly and equally divided into observation group(n=58)and control group(n=58).Ten minutes before the procedure,intravenous injection of 2 mg hydromorphone(observation group)or 2 μg/kg sufentanyl(control group)was performed,and the PCIA pump was connected.In the observation group,the mixed solution of 10 mg hydromorphone+100 mg flurbiprofen axetil+100 mL saline was put in the analgesic pump,while in the control group,the mixed solution of 2 μg/kg sufentanyl+flurbiprofen axetil 100 mg+100 mL saline was put in the analgesic pump.The post-UAE 0.5-h,4-h,8-h,12-h,24-h and 48-h visual analogue scale(VAS)scores,the Bruggrmann comfort scale(BCS)scores,the number of pressing analgesic pump times within postoperative 48 hours,the used dosage of analgesic drugs,the adverse reactions,and the incidence of postoperative complications were recorded.Results The difference in the post-UAE 0.5-h VAS scores between the observation group and the control group was not statistically significant(P＞0.05),while the post-UAE 4-h,8-h,12-h,24-h and 48-h VAS scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The post-UAE 0.5-h,4-h,8-h,12-h,24-h and 48-h BCS scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The number of pressing analgesic pump times and the used dosage of analgesic drugs within postoperative 48 hours in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).No statistically significant differences in the complications such as drowsiness,skin itching,hypoxia,or respiratory depression,etc.existed between the two groups,while the difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Hydromorphone and sufentanil PCIA can relieve the pain in scar pregnancy patients after UAE.Hydromorphone is superior to sufentanil in reducing the number of pressing analgesic pump times within postoperative 48 hours,reducing the used dosage of analgesic drugs,and decreasing the incidence of adverse reactions,therefore,hydromorphone PCIA has a certain promotion value.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:240-244)