Objective To explore the effects and molecular mechanisms of laser therapy on serum and colon tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in rats with oxazolone induced ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods Thirty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:a normal group ( n =6),a UC model group ( n =8 ),a 400 mW laser treatment group ( n =8 ) and a 200 mW laser treatment group ( n =8 ).Odified oxasolone sensitization was used to induce UC models in the rats.The AsAlGa semiconductor laser used in the treatment had a power of 200 mW or 400 mW.The therapy lasted for 10 days with daily 10 min sessions.The rats were sacrificed after treatment and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure IL- 6,IL- 10 and TNF-α in serum and ulcer tissues in all groups.Results Compared with the normal group,the weights of the UC model rats were significantly lower,and they had severe mucoid bloody stool.TNF-α and IL-6 levels in serum and colon tissues increased significantly and IL-10 decreased significantly,so the UC model was successfully established.After laser treatment,body weight gain and stool moderation in rats were observed.in the 400 mW group,and average TNF-α and IL-6 levels in both serum and colon tissue decreased significantly.IL-10 increased significantly,close to the level of the normal group.In the 200 mW group,serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly lower,and IL-6 in the colon tissue was reduced significantly.TNF-α did not lessen significantly,and serum and colon tissue IL-10 levels did not improve significantly compared with the model group.Conclusions 400 mW AsAlGa semiconductor laser irradiation can effectively regulate cytokines after oxaZolone induced UC in rats in two ways.It reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines.This may imply one of the underlying molecular mechanisms of low energy laser treatment of UC.

BACKGROUND: High-concentration glucose can induce the formation of biofilms in Staphylococcus epidermidis.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of high-concentration glucose on eliminating ability and adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis in Tupaia belangeri.METHODS: Tupaia belangeri models of hyperglycaemia (≥11.1 mmoL/L) were induced by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozocin. PVC catheters were inserted into the left femoral vein, and Staphylococcus epidermidis with or without formation of biofilms was inoculated into the catheters.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Following transfection of Staphylococcus epidermidis with formation of biofilms, there were higher rates of bacterial infection as well as higher bacterium colony number in the serum, heart, liver, kidney and pancreas of Tupai belangeri in hyperglycemia group (≥11.1 mmoL/L) as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Detected by scanning electronic microscope, biofilm formation was remarkable in hyperglycemia group (≥11.1 mmoL/L) (P < 0.05). However, there was no formation of biofilms in hyperglycemia or control groups following transfection of Staphylococcus epidermidis without formation of biofilms. Hyperglycemia can induce the decreasing ability of eliminating bacteria and the increasing formation of biofilms on the surface of biomaterials transfected with Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Objective To observe any therapeutic effect of laser irradiation on pathological inflammatory reactions in ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by oxazolone,and to investigate possible mechanisms.Methods Six rats were selected as a normal control group.Another 24 rats with UC induced by oxazolone were randomly assigned to a UC model group (n =8),a 400 mW laser group (161.3 mW/cm2,n =8),and a 200 mW laser group (80.6 mW/cm2,n =8).All the rats were fixed in custom-built devices.Those in the therapy groups were treated daily,10 min per time,for 10 days.After the end of the last irradiation session,disease activity indexes (DAIs)were observed.Rats from every group were sacrificed 24 h after the last irradiation in order to observe any pathological changes in colon tissue,the weight of fresh ulcerated tissues,and gross changes in morphology.Colon segments were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and histological lesion scoring was performed under a light microscope.Any changes in inflammatory edema in the colonic mucous membrane were observed before and after laser irradiation.Results The UC model was successfully established.Average body weight in the 400 mW laser group increased significantly more than in the UC model group,approaching that of the normal control group.DAI decreased significantly.The thickness of the epithelial mucous membrane,lamina propria and submucosa was basically restored.Histological lesion scores also improved significantly,and the weight of fresh ulcerative tissue was significantly lower.Mucous membrane ulcers,submucosa edema and inflammatory cell infiltration all were alleviated significantly,merely presenting a few inflamed cells and small amounts of periphlebitis.In the 200 mW laser group all these outcome measures improved significantly compared with the UC model group,but were not as good as in the 400 mW laser group,and the rats needed longer to recover.Conclusion Laser irradiation at 400 mW has advantages over 200 mW,and could significantly relieve the pathological inflammatory response in colonic tissue,decrease submucosa edema and ameliorate other symptoms of ulcerative colitis,at least in rats.

Objective To explore the association between body mass index and blood pressure , blood glucose, blood lipids and the 10-year risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) among the middle-aged population and to provide theoretical evidence to prevent cardiovascular disease among overweight and obese mid-dle-aged population in the community. Methods A total of 1,628 middle-aged residents having health examina-tions in Hangdong and Nanguan Community Health Service Center in Guancheng District of Zhenghzou City from September 2014 to September 2015 were selected as subjects and were divided into three groups: normal group , overweight group, and obesity group according the size of the body mass index. The relationship among BMI , blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids and the 10-year risk of ICVD was explored. Results The preva-lence of overweight and obesity in the population was 47.97% and 15.72% respectively. There was significant dif-ference in body mass index , systolic blood pressure , fasting blood glucose , blood lipids and the distribution of the 10-year risk for ICVD (all P < 0.05). The incidence of hypertension, hyperglycosemia and hyperlipidemia increased with the increase of BMI (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that over-weight and obesity were independent risk factors of hypertension , hyperglycosemia and hyperlipidemia (OR =2.144, 1.911, 2.028). Conclusions The prevalence of overweight and obesity among middle-aged population is high in Guancheng District of Zhengzhou City. Overweight and obesity co-exit with other cardiovascular risk factors. Normal BMI is important to reduce the level of risk for CVD and the 10-year risk of ICVD.

Objective To investigate the cardiovascular risk factors in perimenopausal women and evaluate the risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods A total of 692 perimenopausal women permanent residents in a community of Zhengzhou from September, 2014 to May, 2015 were selected using multi-stage random sampling. Their age, blood pressure, body weight, smoking history, history of diabetes and fast-ing blood glucose, blood lipid and other information were collected. They were assessed with The National 10-Year Risk Assessment for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease (ICVD). Results Prevalence of the cardiovascular risk factors screened for were as follow:hypertension 14.3%, dyslipidemia 32.1%, overweight or obesity 59.2%, type 2 diabetes mellitus 7.9%, smoking 0.6%. The absolute risk for ICVD in the next 10 years averaged as (2.01 ± 3.04)%, and increased with age. The incidence of high blood pressure, high total cholesterol, smoking, as well as the level of risk for ICVD were different among various age groups. Conclusion The cardiovascular factors are not controlled ideal-ly in the perimenopausal women, and result in high risk of cardiovascular disease, which need a set of intervention as their risk stratification.

Objective To analyze the relationship between knowledge on cardiovascular disease prevention and ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors in community elderly. Methods From December, 2015 to May, 2016, totally 400 elderly in communities with-out overt cardiovascular disease were conveniently sampled. The level of knowledge on cardiovascular disease prevention was measured by self-designed cardiovascular disease prevention questionnaire. And each of the ideal cardiovascular health components was collected. Re-sults A total of 390 responses were valid. 13.85%community elderly were with high level of the knowledge. There were significant differ-ences in the distribution of cardiovascular health indexes among various leves of the knowledge groups (χ2>9.974, P<0.05), except choles-terol (P>0.05). The level of the knowledge was positively correlated with the scores of cardiovascular health behaviors and health factors (r>0.354, P<0.01). The cardiovascular health score, health behaviors score, health factors score and number of ideal cardiovascular health in-dexes were significantly different among various levels of the knowledge groups (F>8.961, P<0.001). Conclusion The level of knowledge on cardiovascular disease prevention was positively correlated with cardiovascular health behavior and health factors. The scores of cardio-vascular health score, health behaviors score and health factors increased with the improvement of knowledge on cardiovascular disease pre-vention.

BACKGROUND: It is confirmed that pathogenicity of biomaterials-centered infection is positive correlated to bacterial biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the surface of catheter-related materials. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relations between expressions of central venous catheter-related Staphylococcus epidermidis icaA, icaD, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and formation of bacterial biofilm. METHODS: The type of Staphylococcus epidermidis in lung cancer cases with catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) was indentified, followed by bacterial genomic DNA extraction. The expression of biofilm formation-related genes icaA, icaD mRNA and phenotype of biofilm were detected by PCR. The serum TGF-β1 levels in cases with or without CRBSI were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of Staphylococcus epidermidis operon icaA and icaD gene was positive correlated to biofilm formation in lung cancer cases with CRBSI (P < 0.01); particularly, the TGF-β1 levels in CRBSI cases were greater than that of non-CRBSI cases (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that, central venous catheter infection causes positive Staphylococcus epidermidis icaA and icaD gene expressions in lung cancer cases and is prone to form biofilm, high level of peripheral TGF-β1 may play a positive role in bacterial biofilm formation.

Objective:To analyze the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in bile culture in patients with common bile duct stones and biliary tract infections, in order to guide clinical optimization of antibiotics application.Methods:From March 30, 2017 to December 31, 2021, at Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 753 patients with common bile duct stones and biliary tract infections and received endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were selected. Bile samples were obtained for bacterial culture, strain type identification and drug sensitivity test in order to analyze bile pathogenic bacteria distribution, change trend and drug resistance. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results:From 2017 to 2021, the total positive rate of bile culture in 753 patients with choledocholithiasis complicated with biliary tract infection was 90.17% (679/753). From 2017 to 2021, the positive rates of bile culture were 82.05% (64/78), 88.81% (119/134), 88.03% (125/142), 93.87% (199/212), and 91.98% (172/187), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=10.78, P=0.029). The positive rate of bile culture in 2017 was lower than those in 2020 and 2021, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=9.43 and 5.57, P=0.002 and 0.018). There were no significant differences in the positive rates of bile culture among the other years (all P>0.05). A total of 1 033 pathogenic bacteria were detected in the 679 bile specimens with positive bile culture results. Among which the total proportion of Gram-negative bacilli was 57.02% (589/1 033), and from 2017 to 2021 the proportions were 66.38% (77/116), 66.47% (111/167), 59.43% (104/175), 54.75% (173/316), and 47.88% (124/259), respectively. The total proportion of Gram-positive cocci was 41.05% (424/1 033), and from 2017 to 2021 the proportions were 31.90% (37/116), 31.74% (53/167), 38.86% (68/175), 44.30% (140/316), and 48.65% (126/259), respectively. The total proportion of fungus was 1.94% (20/1 033), and from 2017 to 2021 the proportions were 1.72% (2/116), 1.80% (3/167), 1.71% (3/175), 0.95% (3/316), and 3.47% (9/259), respectively. From 2017 to 2021, the proportion of Gram-negative bacilli gradually decreased, while the proportion of Gram-positive cocci gradually increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=20.14 and 17.91, P<0.001 and =0.001). From 2017 to 2021, the change in the proportion of fungus was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The main Gram-negative bacilli in the bile culture were Escherichia coli (31.36%, 324/1 033) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.68%, 131/1 033); the main Gram-positive cocci were Enterococcus faecalis (14.04%, 145/1 033) and Streptococcus salivarius (4.36%, 45/1 033). From 2017 to 2021, the proportions of Escherichia coli were 39.66% (46/116), 38.92% (65/167), 33.14% (58/175), 28.48% (90/316), and 25.10% (65/259), respectively, with gradual decrease and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=14.34, P=0.006). From 2017 to 2021 the detection rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 30.43% (14/46), 26.15% (17/65), 29.31% (17/58), 38.89% (35/90), 40.00% (26/65), and 4/15, 20.00% (5/25), 20% (5/25), 24.32% (9/37), and 31.03% (9/29), and there were no significant differences in the detection rates of ESBL between different years (both P>0.05). Conclusions:From 2017 to 2021, the positive rate of bile culture in patients with choledocholithiasis complicated with biliary tract infection showed an overall increasing trend. Gram-negative bacilli were still dominated in bile pathogenic bacteria, while the proportion of Gram-positive cocci remarkably increased, and the bile bacterial spectrum significantly changed. Clinicians should adjust the antibiotic dosing regimens according to the variation of bacterial spectrum and drug resistance.

Objective To investigate the risk factors and clinical characteristics of gastric inflammatory fibroid polyp(GIFP)for gastrointestinal hemorrhage.Methods 66 patients(68 lesions in total)with GIFP diagnosed by endoscopic or surgical resection from January 1,2013 to September 30,2022 were collected.According to the presence or absence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage,the patients were divided into bleeding group(n = 16)and non-bleeding group(n = 50).Collect clinical data on gender,age,clinical manifestations,lesion location and size,endoscopic characteristics,Helicobacter pylori infection,surgical methods and pathological results of each group of patients.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of endoscopic characteristics of GIFP for gastrointestinal hemorrhage,and summarize the clinical characteristics of GIFP with gastrointestinal hemorrhage,then calculate the rate of correct diagnosis.Results The age of the bleeding group was significantly younger than that of the non-bleeding group,and the lesion size was significantly larger than that of the non-bleeding group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The incidences of endoscopic neoplasm-like elevation of lesions,surface with erosion or ulceration,accompanied by ballvalve syndrome and ultrasonic gastroscopy with blood flow signals in the bleeding group were significantly higher than those in the non-bleeding group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05),but there were no statistical differences in other indicators between the two groups(P＞0.05).In order to further investigate the relationship between endoscopic characteristics and gastrointestinal hemorrhage,multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that neoplasm-like elevation,submucosal eminence,ulcer or erosion on the surface and ball valve syndrome were risk factors for gastrointestinal hemorrhage in GIFP(O(R)＞1,P＜0.05).The overall rate of GIFP correct diagnosis before surgery was 27.94%.The rate of diagnosis in patients echoendoscope before surgery was 38.78%,it was significantly higher than that without undergoing echoendoscope(χ2 = 20.82,P = 0.000).Conclusion The shape of the lesion,presence of ulcers or erosion on the surface,and presence of ball valve syndrome are risk factors for gastrointestinal hemorrhage.Preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography can improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis.When there is a risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in GIFP,early endoscopic diagnosis and therapeutic resection should be performed to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures,which can improve prognosis and improve patient quality of life.