Objective To evaluate the role of different kinds of nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in the growth and angiogenesis of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Methods Bladder transitional cell carcinoma tissue specimens were procured from 25 patients undergoing cystectomy, and compared with 6 normal bladder tissue specimens from donors in renal transplantation. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of 3 kinds of NOS. Results The malignant epithelial cells showed strong positive on immunohistochemistry whereas normal bladder showed only a weak positive iNOS immunostaining. The endothelial cells of precapillary vessels in the stroma of carcinoma showed a highly positive endothelial NOS (eNOS) immunostaining as compared with the stroma of normal bladder tissue. The expression of neuronal NOS(nNOS) was found in fibers in the fibromuscular stroma of the two groups. Conclusions Bladder transitional carcinoma tissue had a higher content of iNOS and which might be related to the genesis and development of bladder carcinoma.

Objective To study the causes of misdiagnosis between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and renal angiomyolipoma (RAML). Methods Since 1990, 228 cases of RCC and 62 RAML were surgically treated.13 of them,4 RCC and 9 RAML were incorrectly treated because the misdiagnosis on imaging examination or intraoperative frozen section study. The causes were analyzed. Results 4 RCC underwent enucleation or simple nephrectomy because of the frozen section diagnosis of RAML.None have developed recurrent RCC with 1～4 years of follow up.Of the 9 RAML cases,6 have been misdiagnosed as RCC on imaging procedures.The other 3 patients that failed to reach a proper diagnosis on imaging examination were submitted to intraoperative frozen section studies.1 was diagnosed as RCC and the other 2 remained uncertain. Radical nephrectomy have been performed for 9 patients. Conclusions Difficult interpretation due to poor quality of frozen sections is a potential cause of diagnosis error.RCC might be confused with RAML when the specimens contained highly vascular tissue. The content and distribution of fat is the main cause of imaging misdiagnosis.

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutical effects of sodium hyaluronate and triamcinolone acetonide on secondary temporomandibular synovitis.Methods:67 patients with secondary temporomandibular synovitis were divided into two groups:A group received the intraarticular injection of sodium hyaluronate and B group received triamcinolone acetonide injection.The effects of two groups were observed.Results:Patients were followed up at 1 week,2 months and 3 months after being treated respectively.Although 1 week after treatment,A group showed better curative effect(P0.05).After 3 months,B group showed better effects than A group(P

0.05) and the mean operative bleeding (135.8?62.9)ml and (245.1?168.9)ml (P

Objective To determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the risk of postoperative infective complications in patients undergoing TURP who have sterile preoperative urine. Methods MEDLINE,EMBASE,CBMA and the Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs comparing antibiotic prophylaxis with placebo/blank controls for patients undergoing TURP with preoperative sterile urine.The search strategy was made according to the Collaborative Review Group search strategy.Data were extracted by two reviewers using the designed extraction form. The software RevMan was used to review management and data analysis.The results were expressed as RR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for categorical outcomes and weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95%CI for continuous outcomes. Results 53 relevant RCTs were searched, of which 27 were included and 26 were excluded.Antibiotic prophylaxis significantly decreased the rate of post-TURP bacteriuria,post-TURP fever,post-TURP bacteremia and the rate of continuous antibiotic use.The corresponding pooled relative risk (RR) and 95%CI was 0.36 (0.28 to 0.46),0.83 (0.71 to 0.97),0.43 (0.22 to 0.86) and 0.26 (0.20 to 0.33),respectively.However,the available data failed to prove that antibiotic prophylaxis shortened the duration of hospitalization (WMD, -0.31;95% CI , -0.78 to 0.35). Conclusions Prophylactic antibiotics can significantly decrease the incidence of post-TURP bacteriuria,fever,bacteremia and continuous antibiotic treatment,but cannot significantly shorten the duration of hospitalization.Antibiotics should be used in patients undergoing TURP.

Objective: To investigate the content of ethylparaben in potassium chloride solution.Methods: According to the guidance for antibacterial effect test stated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(the 4th volume of 2015 edition), 5 standard bacterial strains including Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger were used as the challenging strains.Using the logarithm decrease of bacteria number as the index, the antimicrobial effectiveness of ethylparaben at different concentrations was studied to screen out the optimal concentration in the solution.Results: The growth of the 5 standard bacterial strains was inhibited effectively by potassium chloride solution containing 0.05% ethylparaben, which was also the minimum effective concentration.Conclusion: 0.05% Ethylparaben is suitable as the bacteriostatic agent for potassium chloride solution.

Objective To study and analyze the cause, prevention and treatment for complications in patients with serious hypospadias repaired by one-stage urethroplasty. Methods From 1987 to 2002,275 patients with serious hypospadias were repaired by one-stage urethroplasty, there were 35 cases had complications. The classifications were penoscrotal 148 cases, scrotal 95 cases and perineal 32 cases. The lengths of new urethras were from 3.0 to 8.4 cm, the mean was (4.1?0.7) cm. Thirty-two cases were received endocrinotherapy before urethroplasty. Results The rate of complications was 12.7% for 1～3 years following survey. There were urethral fistulas 24 cases (8.7%),urethral strictures 6 (2.2%), diverticulums 3 (1.1%), chordees 2 (0.7%).The rate of urethral fistulas was the first and urethral stricture was the second, they were higher than those of other complications (P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dorsal onlay buccal mucosa urethro-plasty for the treatment of long anterior urethral stricture. Methods From October 2005 to SeDtem-ber 2007,57 patients(17-52 years old)underwent buccal mucosal dorsal onlay urethroplastv for the treatment of anterior urethral stricture.The mean urethral stricture length was 3.0cm(2.5-7.0 cm).Previously,29(51%)patients had experienced one direct vision internal urethrotomy(DVIU),20(35%)patients had accepted twice DVIU and 8(14%)patient had 3 times DVIU for the treatment of urethral stricture.All patients recurred urethral stricture after DVIU.The length of urethral stric-ture was measured by combined retrograde urethrography and voiding cystourethrography before ure-throplasty.All patients accepted urethroplasty at more than 6 months after last failed surgery.Buccal mucosa was harvested from right cheek.The urethra was exposed and dors'al side was rotated to out-side. A longitudinal incision was made on urethra. Buccal mucosal free grafts were sutured to the open edges of urethra with 6-0 absorbable suture. 1 8 F silicon fenestrated urethral catheter was Dlaced and kept for 4 weeks. Urethrography was used at 4 weeks and 3 months after the urethroplastv,and thenevery 6 months to evaluate the urethral recovery.Dysuria and urethral caliber less than 1 6 F which was confirmed by urethrography and urethroscopy were regarded as stricture recurrence. Resuits The mean fellow-up time were 11.2 months(1-23 months).Fifty-four(95%) patients remained stricture free.Three(5%)patients recurred at the 2 to 3 months after the operation and were treated with DVIU.Three patients had wound infection and recovered without other complication.There was no fistula,diverticulum in all patients.The pain of cheek lasted for 2 5 days(average 2.3 days).No case had hypoesthesia of cheek,obstruction of stenseffs duct or cheek scar.Conclusions Dorsal on-1ay buccal mucosal urethroplasty for long anterior urethral stricture provides stable results with few and acceptable complications.

Purpose To establish a HPLC method for determination of the content of trifluoroacetic acid in bivalirudin.Methods Kromasil 100-5 C_(18) column(4.6 mm×200 mm,5 μm)and 0.07% phosphoric acid solution(pH 3.0)-methanol(98:2)as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min were used with a column temperature of 30 ℃,a detection wavelength of 210 nm and a injection volume of 20 μL.Results The standard curve of trifluomacetic acid was linear in the range of 198.4-992.0 μg/mL,r=0.999 9.The detection limit Was 40 ng.The average recovery rate of method was 99.9%,and RSD was 0.41%.Conclusion The method of content determination was practicable and accurate.It can be used for content determination of trifluoroacetic acid in bivalirudin.

Objective In order to know the influence of psychological nursing intervention on rehabilitation of children with primary nocturnal ensuresis. Methods Divided 112 children with primary nocturnal ensuresis into the research group (40 cases) and the control group (72 cases). Routine treatment and nursing cares were used in the control group, while the psychological nursing was used in the research group in addition. Compared the treatment effect betweent the two groups. Results The efficient rate in the research group was 90.0%, which higher than that of in the control group significantly. Conclusions Psychological nursing intervention can effective promote the rehabilitation for children with primary nocturnal ensuresis.