The mode of the atlanto-occipital fusion in 19 Chinese skulls was studied andanalysed. According to various degrees of fusion it may be divided into the following 5types: Type Ⅰ: The atlanto-occipital joints, anterior and posterior atlanto-occipital mem-branes of both sides were ossified (36.8%). Type Ⅱ: The atlanto-occipital joints, the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane andthe lateral parts of the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane were all ossified (21.1%). Type Ⅲ: The atlanto-occipital joints of both sides, the anterior and posterioratlanto-occipital membranes of one side were ossified (26.3%). Type Ⅳ: The atlanto-occipital joints and the lateral parts of the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane were ossified (5.3 %). Type Ⅴ: Only the atlanto-occipital joints were ossified (10.5%). In addition to the above, a case showing the atlanto-axial joints consisted of fivejoints and a case showing the anterior atlanto-axial joint and the lateral atlanto-axialjoints bounded by one articular capsule were found. The unusual courses of the vertebral artery to the cranial cavity was found eitherthrough the lateral part of the occipital bone, or the anterior condylar foramen and theposterior surface of the transverse process of the atlas.

Objective:To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and its correlation with cancer cell proliferation and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of MMP-9 and Ki-67 in 40 cases of OSCC.Results:The expression of MMP-9 was closely correlated with lymph nodes metastasis and TNM stage of OSCC(P0.05). In cases with lymph nodes metastasis and TNM stage III+IV, the expression of MMP-9 was significantly higher than that in no lymph nodes metastasis and TNM stage I+II(P

Allergic rhinitis is a common disease, which was released by the IgE-mediated atopic individuals exposed to allergens in the earlier researches. However, there are variety of immunocompetent cells and cytokines involved in the nasal mucosa immunologic mechanism in nowadays researches. The mechanism of AR is caused by the imbalance of the Th1/Th2, a kind of allergic inflammation who is characterized by the nasal Th2 immune response dominant. Th1 cells mainly produce of IFN-gamma (does not include IL-4 and IL-5), Th2 cells produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 (not including IFN-gamma). Recently it was found that regulatory T cells (T regulatory cells, Treg) and Th17 cell research played a crucial role in the occurrence of allergic inflammation.
Cytokines ; immunology ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; immunology ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

Objective To evaluate the role of different kinds of nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in the growth and angiogenesis of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Methods Bladder transitional cell carcinoma tissue specimens were procured from 25 patients undergoing cystectomy, and compared with 6 normal bladder tissue specimens from donors in renal transplantation. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of 3 kinds of NOS. Results The malignant epithelial cells showed strong positive on immunohistochemistry whereas normal bladder showed only a weak positive iNOS immunostaining. The endothelial cells of precapillary vessels in the stroma of carcinoma showed a highly positive endothelial NOS (eNOS) immunostaining as compared with the stroma of normal bladder tissue. The expression of neuronal NOS(nNOS) was found in fibers in the fibromuscular stroma of the two groups. Conclusions Bladder transitional carcinoma tissue had a higher content of iNOS and which might be related to the genesis and development of bladder carcinoma.

Purpose To establish a HPLC method for determination of the content of trifluoroacetic acid in bivalirudin.Methods Kromasil 100-5 C_(18) column(4.6 mm×200 mm,5 μm)and 0.07% phosphoric acid solution(pH 3.0)-methanol(98:2)as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min were used with a column temperature of 30 ℃,a detection wavelength of 210 nm and a injection volume of 20 μL.Results The standard curve of trifluomacetic acid was linear in the range of 198.4-992.0 μg/mL,r=0.999 9.The detection limit Was 40 ng.The average recovery rate of method was 99.9%,and RSD was 0.41%.Conclusion The method of content determination was practicable and accurate.It can be used for content determination of trifluoroacetic acid in bivalirudin.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dorsal onlay buccal mucosa urethro-plasty for the treatment of long anterior urethral stricture. Methods From October 2005 to SeDtem-ber 2007,57 patients(17-52 years old)underwent buccal mucosal dorsal onlay urethroplastv for the treatment of anterior urethral stricture.The mean urethral stricture length was 3.0cm(2.5-7.0 cm).Previously,29(51%)patients had experienced one direct vision internal urethrotomy(DVIU),20(35%)patients had accepted twice DVIU and 8(14%)patient had 3 times DVIU for the treatment of urethral stricture.All patients recurred urethral stricture after DVIU.The length of urethral stric-ture was measured by combined retrograde urethrography and voiding cystourethrography before ure-throplasty.All patients accepted urethroplasty at more than 6 months after last failed surgery.Buccal mucosa was harvested from right cheek.The urethra was exposed and dors'al side was rotated to out-side. A longitudinal incision was made on urethra. Buccal mucosal free grafts were sutured to the open edges of urethra with 6-0 absorbable suture. 1 8 F silicon fenestrated urethral catheter was Dlaced and kept for 4 weeks. Urethrography was used at 4 weeks and 3 months after the urethroplastv,and thenevery 6 months to evaluate the urethral recovery.Dysuria and urethral caliber less than 1 6 F which was confirmed by urethrography and urethroscopy were regarded as stricture recurrence. Resuits The mean fellow-up time were 11.2 months(1-23 months).Fifty-four(95%) patients remained stricture free.Three(5%)patients recurred at the 2 to 3 months after the operation and were treated with DVIU.Three patients had wound infection and recovered without other complication.There was no fistula,diverticulum in all patients.The pain of cheek lasted for 2 5 days(average 2.3 days).No case had hypoesthesia of cheek,obstruction of stenseffs duct or cheek scar.Conclusions Dorsal on-1ay buccal mucosal urethroplasty for long anterior urethral stricture provides stable results with few and acceptable complications.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation for myocardial infarction becomes popularized in recent years, but transplanted cels cannot survive and proliferate under early inflammatory reaction or local ischemia/hypoxia microenvironment, eventualy hampering the therapeutic outcomes.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of PTEN-silenced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels on acute myocardial infarction.
METHODS:(1) Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels from Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive no treatment, NCsiRNA transfection using Lipofectamin2000orPTEN siRNA transfection using Lipofectamin2000. Cel growth curves were described using MTT method to detect cel cycle using flow cytometry. (2) Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were selected to prepare myocardial infarction models that were randomized into three groups (n=10 per group): blank control, negative control and RNAi group. Six hours after modeling, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels transfected with nothing, NCsiRNA and PTEN siRNA were respectively injected into the infarcted center of the left ventricular anterior wal in these three rat groups. After 4 weeks, al rats were subjected to cardiac function detection using echocardiography, and the survival and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels in the rats were observed by fluorescence microscopy.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the other two groups, a significant increase in the absorbance values at different culture time, the proportion of cels in S+G2phase, and the number ofbone marrow mesenchymal stem cels in the myocardial tissue was found in the RNAi group (alP< 0.05). Additionaly, the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening fraction were significantly reduced in the RNAi group than the blank control and negative control groups at 4 weeks after cel transplantation (P< 0.05). Bothin vivoandin vitroexperimental findings showed that PTEN silencing could effectively improve cel survival and proliferation in the infarcted myocardium. Moreover, in thein vivoexperiment, an overt improvement in rat’s cardiac function was achieved.

Objective Dexmedetomidine is known to have a neuroprotective effect.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on ketamine-induced apoptosis of primarily cultured cortical neurons and its action mechanisms. Methods Rat cortical neurons were primarily cultured for 7 days and treated with ketamine (100μmol/L) and different concentrations of dexmedetomi-dine (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μmol/L) for 24 hours, followed by measurement of the viability of the neurons by MTT assay.The neurons were divided into four groups:vehicle control, ketamine ( trea-ted with 100 μmol/L ketamine), dexmedetomidine+ketamine (DD+K, treated with 0.1 μmol/L DD and 100 μmol/L ketamine), and LY294002 ( treated with 0.1 μmol/L DD, 100 μmol/L ketamine, and 10 μmol/L LY294002) .After 24 hours of treatment, the apoptosis rate of the neurons was determined by Hoechst33258 staining, and the expressions of pAkt and cleaved-caspase-3 in the neu-rons detected by Western blot. Results The apoptosis rate of neurons was dramatically increased in the LY294002 and ketamine groups in comparison with the vehicle control and DD+K groups ([36.8 ±4.4] and [43.4 ±4.5]%vs [7.5 ±1.1] and [16.4 ± 3.6]%, P<0.01), the pAkt level remarkably decreased (0.26 ±0.02 and 0.15 ±0.01 vs 0.61 ±0.05 and 0.50 ±0.04, P<0.01), and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 significantly upregulated in the former two as compared with the latter two groups (0.40 ±0.02 and 0.65 ±0.03 vs 0.10 ±0.02 and 0.12 ±0.01, P<0.01). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine exerts a neuroprotec-tive effect against ketamine-induced apoptosis of neurons by activating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the gene E670G SNP loci with coronary heart disease and its relationship Dongguan Han PCSK9 prognosis .Methods In our hospital 100 patients with coronary heart disease and 100 cases of non‐coronary heart disease patients for the study ,patients taking blood ,DNA was extracted and analyzed gene PCSK9 E670G SNP locus by PCR ,using gene sequencing validation .Lipid levels in patients using enzymatic detection and follow‐up of patients with coronary heart disease chan‐ges in serum lipid levels after statin therapy ,the incidence of cardiovascular events .Results CAD group TC ,LDL‐C levels were sig‐nificantly higher than the healthy control group ,HDL‐C was significantly lower than the healthy control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .AA genotype that was mainly 298 bp and 152 bp of homozygotes ,followed by AG that was 450 bp and 298 bp ,152 bp heterozygotes ,had not been detected 450 bp GG homozygous genotype ,allele frequency distributions in Har‐dy‐Weinberg equilibrium .LDL‐C levels in patients with CAD patients was significantly lower than AA genotype AG genotype , HDL‐C levels were significantly higher in patients with AG genotype (P<0 .05) .Number of cardiovascular patients were followed up six months totaled 27 cases ,AA genotype accounted for 66 .7% ,AG genotype accounted for 33 .3% ,Gallele and the average number of cases of cardiovascular disease events count a statistically significant difference (P<0 .05) .Conclusion PCSK9 E670G polymorphism and LDL‐C ,HDL‐C levels and CAD severity gene‐related ,CAD patients carrying G allele may increase the risk of disease and the risk of again .

[ Objective ] To supply a technological evidence for the rapid reproduction of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees (APN). [Methods] Different explants from sterile seedling of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees were cultured in vitro to induce the production of fascicular buds. [ Results ] Cotyledon with nodes and half cotyledon with nodes were the most suitable explants for culture, and the budding rate was 100% and over 90% respectively. 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) in the concentrations of 0.5 ~ 1.0mg/L were beneficial for the reproduction and growth of buds. The age of explants had no correlation with budding. The optimal rooting medium was MT (Murashige and Tucher) medium added with Img/L NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid) or IBA (indolebutyric acid). A highest rooting rate as much as 61.9% was achieved after 10 days of culture. [Conclusion] An effective plant regeneration system has been established for explants of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees.