Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese Version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) in patients receiving total knee arthroplasty. Methods The Chinese ver-sion of TSK-11 was translated from the original one,and adjusted for cultural adaptation. The reliability and validity of Chinese TSK-11 were tested among 254 eligible patients receiving total knee arthroplasty from a tertiary hospital in Henan province by convenience sampling. Results Three common factors which ex-plained 65. 177% of the total variance was extracted after the exploratory factor analysis,and each item had high factor loading quantity (>0. 4). The scale CVI was 0. 83~1. 00,the S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/Ave were 0. 91 and 0. 94,respectively. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0. 883,and the test-retest reliabil-ity was 0. 798. The item-to-total correlations ranged from 0. 424~0. 757 (P<0. 05). Conclusion The Chi-nese version of TSK-11 has been proved to be reliable and valid with fewer understandable items,and short completion time. It can be used as a valuable tool for evaluating kinesiophobia in patients following total knee arthroplasty.

Objective To evaluate the value of a new platelet function test PFA P2Y (PFA-200) in monitoring clopidogrel treatment for cardiovascular disease in elderly patients. Methods Fifty-six elderly patients receiving clopidogrel therapy in the Department of Cardiology of General Hospital of PLA from March to August in 2016 and 85 healthy volunteers were recruited for analysis. All the subjects underwent PFA P2Y, LTA (light transmittance aggregometry) and TEG (Thromboelastograph) tests, and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to test the associations between test results. The agreement among the 3 platelet function test methods was assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficient. Results Correlation coefficient (r) was-0.701 (P<0.001) between PFA P2Y and LTA, and 0.475 (P<0.001) between PFA P2Y and TEG. The agreement was 75%between PFA P2Y and LTA and 67.9%between PFA P2Y and TEG. Theκvalue was 0.434 (P=0.001) between PFA P2Y and LTA and 0.242 (P=0.046) between PFA P2Y and TEG. With ADP-induced maximum platelet aggregation rate of LTA>50%as the laboratory clopidogrel resistance, the cut-off value of PFA P2Y was 119 s (AUC=0.733) with a sensitivity of 75.6% and a specificity of 73.3%. Conclusion PFA P2Y has a moderate correlation and agreement with LTA, but has a poor correlation and agreement with TEG. PFA P2Y can be useful for assessing the effects of clopidogrel therapy and the association of the cut-off value (119 s) with the long-term clinical ischemic events needs be confirmed in further study.

Objective To evaluate the value of a new platelet function test PFA P2Y (PFA-200) in monitoring clopidogrel treatment for cardiovascular disease in elderly patients. Methods Fifty-six elderly patients receiving clopidogrel therapy in the Department of Cardiology of General Hospital of PLA from March to August in 2016 and 85 healthy volunteers were recruited for analysis. All the subjects underwent PFA P2Y, LTA (light transmittance aggregometry) and TEG (Thromboelastograph) tests, and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to test the associations between test results. The agreement among the 3 platelet function test methods was assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficient. Results Correlation coefficient (r) was-0.701 (P<0.001) between PFA P2Y and LTA, and 0.475 (P<0.001) between PFA P2Y and TEG. The agreement was 75%between PFA P2Y and LTA and 67.9%between PFA P2Y and TEG. Theκvalue was 0.434 (P=0.001) between PFA P2Y and LTA and 0.242 (P=0.046) between PFA P2Y and TEG. With ADP-induced maximum platelet aggregation rate of LTA>50%as the laboratory clopidogrel resistance, the cut-off value of PFA P2Y was 119 s (AUC=0.733) with a sensitivity of 75.6% and a specificity of 73.3%. Conclusion PFA P2Y has a moderate correlation and agreement with LTA, but has a poor correlation and agreement with TEG. PFA P2Y can be useful for assessing the effects of clopidogrel therapy and the association of the cut-off value (119 s) with the long-term clinical ischemic events needs be confirmed in further study.

Objective:This study compiled a comprehensive overview of the academic misconduct cases handled by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) over the past decade, and took it as a representative to analyze the current situation of China′s academic research integrity to propose further enhancement suggestions.Methods:We collected data on academic misconduct cases notified by the NSFC between 2013 and 2022, and conducted a statistical analysis to gain insights into the time of occurrence, the way of discovery, the distribution of disciplines, the types of misconduct, and the handling measures of the NSFC.Results:Between 2013 to 2022, the Funding Committee notified 273 decisions regarding misconduct cases, indicating a general upward trend over time. Among the 158 cases with a labeled discovery pathway, the most common way was funding paper retraction by scientific journals, followed by reporting, and then review by the Funding Committee. The majority of individuals involved were from universities (44.81%) and hospitals affiliated with universities (45.45%). The top three most frequent types of misconduct were plagiarism, manipulation of reviews, and falsification. The Fund Committee's handling measures primarily involved in restrictions on applying for national funds within 2~7 years, notifications and criticisms, project withdrawals, and fund recoveries.Conclusions:Over the past ten years, the number of investigations of academic misconduct by the Fund Committee has been increasing, and the way of discovery has shifted from reporting and retraction by research journals to self-investigation by the Fund Committee. Biomedicine is a key field where misconduct occurs, and universities are the primary institutions where such cases are detected. Common causes of academic misconduct include plagiarism, manipulated peer review, and falsification. The foundation typically imposes punishments that restrict funding applications and issues public criticisms. To strengthen the academic integrity system, it is essential to establish and implement an early warning mechanism for academic integrity, reform the scientific research evaluation system, and establish an academic integrity management platform.

Objective:To explore the application effect of co management mode in the prevention of perioperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) in elderly patients with hip fractures.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 146 elderly patients with hip fractures who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January to December 2019 were selected as the research objects. A total of 73 patients admitted from January to June 2019 were set as the control group and they were given routine venous thrombosis risk assessment, treatment, education and so on, while 73 patients admitted from July to December 2019 were set as the experimental group and they were given management according to co-management mode. The incidence of VTE, first out-of-bed activity time, hospital stays and expenses, awareness rate of VTE-related knowledge and level of DVT health belief were compared between the two groups.Results:After implementing the co management mode, the incidence of postoperative VTE in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05) . The first out-of-bed activity time and hospital days in the experimental group were shorter than those in the control group, the hospital expense was lower than that in the control group, and DVT health belief score and VTE-related knowledge score were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The scores of disease susceptibility, disease severity, health behavior benefits and self-efficacy in DVT health beliefs in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference in the scores of obstacle and health motivation dimensions of healthy behaviors between the two groups ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:The application of co-management mode in elderly patients with hip fractures during the perioperative period can improve DVT health beliefs of patients and improve their VTE-related knowledge mastery, shorten the hospital stay, effectively prevent the occurrence of VTE and promote rapid recovery of patients.

Objective To establish an UV spectrophotometry method for the determination of total flavonoids in Oxytropis falcata Bunge. Methods Using rutin as comparison，three coloration methods were used to find the optimal assay method, optimize the color conditions and take a systematic methodological investigation. Results The best color development method is aluminum chloride-sodium acetate color method. Using the test product without adding color reagent as a reference, 0.3 mol/L aluminum chloride solution 3.0 ml, 1.0 mol/L sodium acetate 4.0 ml, placed for 16 min, the sample was detected at 277 nm wavelength by AlCl₃-CH₃COONa reaction by using rutin as reference. The rutin content had a good liner relationship in the range of 8.8 to 44 μg/ml (r=0.9996), and the average recovery rate was 100.91% with RSD of 2.426%. Conclusion This method is simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive and can be used as a method for the determination of total flavonoids from Oxytropis falcata Bunge.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Shenling Baizhusan on the intervention of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway by regulating ferroptosis in rats with alcoholic liver injury. MethodForty SD rats were randomly divided into model group， polyene phosphatidylcholine group， and high， medium， and low-dose Shenling Baizhusan groups， with 8 rats in each group. Another 8 SD rats were taken as blank group. The model group， polyene phosphatidylcholine group， high， medium， and low-dose Shenling Baizhusan groups were given 10 mL·kg^-1 liquor by gavage for modeling， and the blank group was given equal volume of distilled water by gavage. After 4 h of daily alcoholic administration， 143.64 mg·kg^-1 of polyene phosphatidylcholine group was given to the polyene phosphatidylcholine group， 15， 7.5， 3.75 mg·kg^-1 of Shenling Baizhusan were given to Shenling Baizhusan high， medium， and low-dose groups， respectively， and the blank group and the model group were given equal volume of distilled water. The gavage lasted for 6 weeks. The levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， glutamyl transpeptidase （GGT）， total cholesterol （TC）， and triglyceride （TG） were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-β （IL-β） were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The levels of lipopolysaccharide （LPS）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione （GSH）， and Fe⁺ were detected by biochemical assay. The pathological changes in the liver were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and oil red O staining. The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）， ferritin heavy polypeptide 1 （FTH1）， and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） were detected by Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1， GPX4， FTH1， p65， and phosphorylation （p）-p65 were detected by Western blot. ResultAs compared with the blank group， the levels of liver function （ALT， AST， and GGT） and blood lipids （TC and TG） in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.05）. The liver showed obvious steatosis， with a large number of fat deposition， the oxidative stress and inflammatory factors were significantly increased （P<0.05）， and the level of Fe⁺ was significantly increased in model group （P<0.05）. The protein expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1， GPX4， and FTH1 was significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）， and those of p65 and p-p65 was significantly up-regulated in the model group （P<0.05）. The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1， GPX4， and FTH1 were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）， and the mRNA expression level of NF-κB was significantly up-regulated （P<0.05）. As compared with the model group， the levels of liver function （ALT， AST， and GGT） and blood lipids （TC and TG） in the high-dose and medium-dose Shenling Baizhusan groups were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， liver steatosis was significantly improved， fat deposition was significantly reduced， oxidative stress and inflammatory factors were significantly decreased （P<0.05 ）， and Fe⁺ level was significantly decreased （P<0.05）. In the high-dose and medium-dose Shenling Baizhusan， the protein expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1， GPX4， and FTH1 were significantly up-regulated （P<0.05）， and those of p65， p-p65 were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）. The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1， GPX4， and FTH1 were significantly up-regulated （P<0.05）， and the mRNA expression level of NF-κB was significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）. ConclusionShenling Baizhusan can effectively reduce liver injury in rats with ALD， regulate steatosis and fat deposition， and play an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role in the liver. Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis in hepatocytes by up-regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway to improve oxidative stress

Tripterygium wilfordii is a valuable medicinal plant rich in biologically active diterpenoids, but there are few studies on the origins of these diterpenoids in its secondary metabolism. Here, we identified three regions containing tandemly duplicated diterpene synthase genes on chromosomes (Chr) 17 and 21 of T. wilfordii and obtained 11 diterpene synthases with different functions. We further revealed that these diterpene synthases underwent duplication and rearrangement at approximately 2.3-23.7 million years ago (MYA) by whole-genome triplication (WGT), transposon mediation, and tandem duplication, followed by functional divergence. We first demonstrated that four key amino acids in the sequences of TwCPS3, TwCPS5, and TwCPS6 were altered during evolution, leading to their functional divergence and the formation of diterpene secondary metabolites. Then, we demonstrated that the functional divergence of three TwKSLs was driven by mutations in two key amino acids. Finally, we discovered the mechanisms of evolution and pseudogenization of miltiradiene synthases in T. wilfordii and elucidated that the new function in TwMS1/2 from the terpene synthase (TPS)-b subfamily was caused by progressive changes in multiple amino acids after the WGT event. Our results provide key evidence for the formation of diverse diterpenoids during the evolution of secondary metabolites in T. wilfordii.

The chemical complexity of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) makes the active and functional annotation of natural compounds challenging. Herein, we developed the TCMs-Compounds Functional Annotation platform (TCMs-CFA) for large-scale predicting active compounds with potential mechanisms from TCM complex system, without isolating and activity testing every single compound one by one. The platform was established based on the integration of TCMs knowledge base, chemome profiling, and high-content imaging. It mainly included: (1) selection of herbal drugs of target based on TCMs knowledge base; (2) chemome profiling of TCMs extract library by LC‒MS; (3) cytological profiling of TCMs extract library by high-content cell-based imaging; (4) active compounds discovery by combining each mass signal and multi-parametric cell phenotypes; (5) construction of functional annotation map for predicting the potential mechanisms of lead compounds. In this stud TCMs with myocardial protection were applied as a case study, and validated for the feasibility and utility of the platform. Seven frequently used herbal drugs (Ginseng, etc.) were screened from 100,000 TCMs formulas for myocardial protection and subsequently prepared as a library of 700 extracts. By using TCMs-CFA platform, 81 lead compounds, including 10 novel bioactive ones, were quickly identified by correlating 8089 mass signals with 170,100 cytological parameters from an extract library. The TCMs-CFA platform described a new evidence-led tool for the rapid discovery process by data mining strategies, which is valuable for novel lead compounds from TCMs. All computations are done through Python and are publicly available on GitHub.