Objective To explore the T‐SPOT .TB technology in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) who immunosuppres‐sive therapy results in screening for latent tuberculosis infection prevention and control to provide a new basis .Methods Applica‐tion of T‐SPOT .TB kit 162 immunosuppressed patients need to be applied to detect M .tuberculosis‐specific T cells ;while doing all cases tuberculin (TST ) skin test ;of which 28 cases of T‐SPOT .TB‐positive patients before screening technique using anti‐TNF‐αbiologics were given prophylactic treatment of anti‐TB drugs for 4 months and followed a year .Results The positive rates and ac‐curacy rate of T‐SPOT .TB assay were 36 .4% and 94 .9% ,while the positive rates and accuracy rate of TSTs were 28 .4% and 69 .6% .The difference between T‐SPOT .TB assay and TST were statistical significance(P < 0 .05) .Through our 28 cases of T‐SPOT .TB positive screening technology ,prophylactic anti‐TB drugs to treat patients for 4 months and 1 year of follow‐up ,no case of tuberculosis occurred .Conclusion These results demonstrate that the performance of T‐SPOT .TB is better than the classic TST for detection of LTBI in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for treatment of systemic autoimmune disorders .The T‐SPOT .TB assay will be a useful tool in early and rapid diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection .T‐SPOT .TB for LTBI patients di‐agnosed with prophylactic anti‐TB drug treatment is necessary ,has important clinical significance .

The academic teaching quality and experimental teaching quality of sanitary chemistry will be improved,through enriching the teacher with specialized knowledge and cultivating the creative ability of thacher and updating the teaching methods.

By evaluation of academic designed experiment performance in Bio-Analytic Chemistry from ten different evaluating indicators including literature search, experimental design, and experimental report and so on. The quantitative analysis results indicate the average is 87.8, the standard deviation is 5.0,the difficulty index is 0.88,the dipartite degree is 0.12 and the confidence coefficient of the assess is 0.9423. The designed experimental assessment can inspire the students’experimental goaheadism, cultivate their ability to analyze and solve problems,and promote their innovative consciousness and practice skills.

On the development of Bio-analytic chemistry curricula,to enhance the build- ing of teaching staff,improve the teaching content according to the developmental trend of model chemistry,adopt multiform methods to explore new teaching pattern,improve the teaching quality based on the manage,the course on Bio-analytic chemistry has became more systematized and standardized.

Beginning with the authors' experience in analytic-chemistry bilingual teaching,this article probes into some problems of analytic-chemistry in undergraduate education.And the authors give some beneficial suggestions in the teaching material construction,teachers training and teaching quality control.

The present situation and problems in experiment teaching of analytical chemistry were explained,and innovation was explored and practiced in the faculty of laboratory medicine,including the opitimization of teaching contents,teaching methods and score system evaluation reformation.

ABSTRACT:Objective To construct V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 4 (Vsig4)nanobodies (Nbs) as specific macrophage probes so as to use them as molecular probes of macrophagocytes.Methods A nanobody phage library was generated by using peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from an alpaca immunized with recombinant Vsig4 protein.After three rounds of selection against recombinant Vsig4.The Nbs were subjected to sequencing and genome alignment to obtain VHH sequence.Nbs were isolated and tested for Vsig4 specificity in an ELISA using recombinant Vsig4.The affinity capacity of Nbs was verified by the cell line stably expressing Vsig4. Results A nanobody phage library with an estimated 7.27 × 107 clones with 70% insertion was successfully constructed.Totally 1 3 6 Vsig4-positive clones were sequenced and aligned according to different CDR3 sequences. In summary,1 5 Vsig4 nanobodies were obtained and grouped into 3 different CDR3 epitopes.The affinity of representing nanobody and Vsig4 was analyzed via ELISA;Nb1 1 9 showed the highest affinity against both recombinant and native Vsig4.Conclusion We successfully constructed and screened Vsig4 specific nanobody number 1 1 9 with high affinity and specificity.It can help with macrophage detection and in vivo monitoring.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the content determination conditions of total alkaloids from Zhuang medicine Munronia delavayi,and to determine the content of total alkaloids in M. delavayi from different producing areas. METHODS:With the con-tent of total alkaloids as index,using solvent amount,ultrasonic time,ultrasonic extraction times and pH value of buffer as fac-tors,the content determination conditions of total alkaloids from Zhuang medicine M. delavayi were optimized by orthogonal test. Optimized content determination conditions were adopted to determine the content of total alkaloids in M. delavayi from 18 produc-ing areas in different harvest time. RESULTS:The optimum content determination conditions were as follows as the amount of sol-vent(CHCl3)20 ml,ultrasonic processing for 3 times,lasting for 15 min each time,pH value of buffer 4.5. The contents of total alkaloids in M. delavayi from 18 producing areas were between 0.6-11.98 mg/g,showing great difference. M. delavayi from Long-lin county and Tianlin county harvested in Oct. had the lowest content of total alkaloids. CONCLUSIONS:Optimized content deter-mination condition can be used for the content determination of total alkaloids in Zhuang medicine M. delavayi and quality control of it. The content determination of total alkaloids in M. delavayi is related to producing area and harvest time.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of children's Pseudo-Bartter syndrome(PBS) in order to enhance physician's understanding of the disease.Methods Nine children with PBS who were admitted into Beijing Children's Hospital from Nov.2008 to Sep.2013 were selected as research subjects.A retrospective study was carried out with the clinical data and the outcome of treatment.Results 1.Clinical characteristics:there were 9 cases in this group including 5 male and 4 female.The patients' age ranged from 4 months to 8 years 8 months.The most common cause of children's PBS was gastrointestinal symptoms(such as diarrhea and vomiting) induced by respiratory tract infection (7/9 cases).Six patients had no striking clinical manifestations,and hypokalemia was found in the treatment of primary disease.2.Laboratory tests:All of the children in this group had hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis in varying degrees.The activation of renin,angiotensin and aldosterone system increased.3.Therapy:all children were treated by giving potassium supplemental treatment or indomethacin therapy [1 mg/(kg · d),3 times orally].After treatment,all cases achieved clinical improvement and normal blood electrolytes.All patients' blood electrolytes remained normal for 5 to 7 days after stopping treatment.Conclusions 1.In China,the most common cause of children's PBS is gastrointestinal symptoms(such as diarrhea and vomiting) induced by respiratory tract infection.2.Except for clinical manifestations related to causes,patients have no significant clinical manifestations.Hypokalemia can be found in the treatment of primary disease.3.The biochemical results show low blood potassium chloride with metabolic alkalosis.In PBS renin,angiotensin and aldosterone concentration in blood are all elevated.4.Treatment of children's PBS mainly includes etiological treatment and electrolyte supplement therapy.The treatment effectiveness is good after etiological treatment and potassium supplement treatment.In the condition of controlling etiology and potassium supplementation,electrolytes mas return to normal in 2-4 days.

Objective To explore the survival condition of hemodialysis patients in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Methods Interviewed 15 patients with hemodialysis by applying Modified Grounded Theory Approach put forward by KinoSitaYasuHito,a Japanese scholar,the data of which were from qualitative inductive comparative analysis. Results As for the survival condition of hemodialysis patients in Ningxia,two relative themes were extracted, Helpless dialysis life Desire to return to society, the former contained 2 subtopics of hardship in life and susceptible mood, the latter contained 2 subtopics of cherish life and desire for care. Conclusion We should set up a social supporting system to improve the living condition of hemodialysis patients with the purpose of helping them return to the society.