Objective To investigate the protective effect and its mechanism of infradiaphragmatic stasis-expelling decoction on hepatic fibrosis in rats. Method One hundred and ten SD rats were divided into four groups:the normal control group ,model group ,low dose group and high dose group of infradiaphragmatic stasis-expelling decoction. In addition to the normal control group,rats in other groups were subcutaneously given pure CCl4 to set up the liver fibrosis model. Twelve weeks later,the serum liver biochemical indexes,including ALT,AST, ALB,TP and T-bil,the Ishak score about liver fibrosis ,the positive expression of TIMP-1 were compared among groups. Results Compared with the fibrotic group,the levels of serum ALT,AST and T-bil were lower in low dose group,the level of serum TP and ALB were increased in high dose group Levels of serum ALT,AST and T-bil were significantly lowered in high dose group,the levels of serum of TP and ALB were significantly increased in high dose group. Compared with model group,the Ishak score about liver fibrosis was significantly lowered(P<0.05). Numbers of cells with positive expression of TIMP-1 in liver tissue was reduced. Conclusion Infradiaphragmatic stasis-expelling decoction could inhibit the expression and activity of TIMP-1 contributing to the effect of antiliver fibrosis.

Objective:To investigate the related factors that affect the timing and prognosis of early tracheostomy in patients with multiple rib fractures.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted on medical data of 222 patients with multiple rib fractures who underwent tracheostomy in Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from February 2013 to October 2019，including 160 males and 66 females，with the age of 18 to 85 years ［（49.5 ± 16.3）years］. According to the practice management guidelines for tracheostomy timing and the use of propensity score matching technology，there were 118 patients with tracheostomy within 7 days of tracheal intubation （early group） and 104 patients with tracheostomy after 7 days of tracheal intubation （late group） before matching，and there were 87 patients in early group and 87 patients in late group after matching. Data were compared between groups including the gender，age，underlying disease，injury severity score （ISS），Glasgow coma score （GCS），number of fractured ribs，total number of rib fractures （NTRF），first rib fracture，flail chest，traumatic brain injury，combined injuries （spine，maxillofacial，sternum），acute respiratory distress syndrome （ARDS），volume fraction of pulmonary contusion（VPC），blood lactic acid （within 24 hours of admission），hemothorax，pneumothorax，mechanical ventilation time，duration of tracheostomy，time from tracheal intubation to incision，length of hospital stay，length of stay in ICU，closed thoracic drainage，number of fiberoptic bronchoscopy，multi-drug resistant bacteria infection，ventilator-associated pneumonia，antibiotic use time，duration of sedative and analgesic drugs used and 28-day mortality. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to predict independent risk factors for early tracheostomy. The Pearson method was used to compare the relationship between multiple factors. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to predict indicators that affect the prognosis of patients with early tracheostomy，and calculate the best cut-off value. The Kaplan-Meier single factor and COX multivariate survival were used to analyze the relevant factors affecting the 28-day mortality of patients.Results:（1） In early group，the NTRF，ARDS and VPC were higher than those in late group，and the time from tracheal intubation to incision and 28-day mortality rate were lower than those in late group （ P < 0.05），while the two groups showed no significant differences in the gender，age，underlying diseases and ISS （ P > 0.05）. （2） The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was statistical significance in NTRF （ OR = 1.775，95% CI 1.439-2.188），ARDS（ OR = 3.740，95% CI 1.441-9.711），VPC （ OR = 1.087，95% CI 1.052-1.124） （ P < 0.05）； the Pearson method analysis showed a significant correlation between VPC and NTRF （ r = 0.369， P < 0.05） and a low degree of correlation between ARDS and VPC （ r = 0.179， P < 0.05），but there was no significant correlation between ARDS and NTRF （ r = 0.132， P > 0.05）. （3） The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve （AUC） of the VPC and NTRF ［AUC = 0.832 （95% CI 0.770-0.893），AUC = 0.804 （95% CI 0.740-0.868）］ were significantly higher than those of the number of rib fractures ［AUC = 0.437（95% CI 0.352-0.523），GCS ［AUC = 0.519 （95% CI 0.432-0.605）］ and ISS ［AUC = 0.484 （95% CI 0.398-0.571）］ （ P < 0.05）. After calculating the Yorden index，the best cut-off value for VPC was 23.9，and the best cut-off value for NTRF was 8.5. （4） The Kaplan-Meier single factor and multivariate COX model survival analysis showed that the 28-day survival ratio of patients with early tracheostomy was significantly better than that of late tracheostomy （ P < 0.05）. Conclusions:The NTRF，ADRS and VPC are independent risk factors for the timing and prognosis of early tracheostomy. There is a significant correlation between VPC and NTRF. The VPC ≥ 23.9% and or NTRF ≥ 8.5 can be used to predict early tracheostomy in patients with multiple rib fractures. Early tracheostomy may benefit the 28-day survival of patients with multiple rib fractures.

AIM: To investigate the effect of an effective component total sterone (TSR) of Echinops latifolius Tausch, the main component of a Chinese patent medicine Cuiru Keli (national drug standard WS3-413 (Z-085)-2003 (Z), on lactation and its possible mechanism. METHODS: After mating between male and female SD rats, 60 female rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, TSR low-dose and high-dose groups and prolactin granule positive control group, with 12 female rats in each group and 8 newborn rats in each nest. In addition to the normal control group, the rats in each group were intraperitoneally injected with levodopa 2 mg/kg once a day for 7 days from the second day of delivery. The rats in the normal control group were given normal saline by gavage once a day for 14 days. From the beginning of self-sufficiency, the single lactation of the female rats was measured every day until the 14th day, and then the female rats in each group were killed. Pathological HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of mammary gland tissue in each group. ELISA was used to detect the levels of serum prolactin (PRL) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the distribution of PRL in mammary gland tissue of each group. Furthermore, Real-time qPCR was used to detect the expression of milk protein, milk fat related genes β-casein, FAS, ACC and the expression of canonical Wnt signaling pathway related genes β-catenin, c-Myc, CCND1, SFRP4, DNMT1, MeCP2 in mammary gland of each group. RESULTS: Both low and high dose TSR could significantly increase the single lactation volume, improve the pathological morphology of mammary gland, and increase the serum levels of PRL and 5-HT. TSR increased the distribution of PRL and up-regulated the expression of milk protein, milk fat related genes β-casein, FAS, ACC and canonical Wnt signaling pathway related genes β-catenin, c-Myc, CCND1, SFRP4, DNMT1, MeCP2.CONCLUSION: TSR can significantly promote lactation in lactation deficient rats, and its mechanism may be related to promoting the release of PRL and 5-HT in serum, increasing the distribution of PRL in mammary gland, up-regulating the milk protein and milk fat related genes and activating the canonical Wnt signal.