Application of Multiple-Media and Internet Technology in Teaching of Medicine Ethics can over come the shortcomings of traditional teaching of Medicine Ethics.it has many advantages;Firstly,it is more informational and easier to operate;Secondly,it can improve the efficiency to reach the teaching aims;Thirdly,the teacher and students Can communicate each other,and make the students be the center of teaching.

Objective To determine the relationship between HBeAg and HBV DNA levels and grading of liver inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods Serum HBeAg and HBV DNA were assayed by MEIA and PCR in 74 patients with HBeAg-negative and 73 patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B who had undergone liver biopsy and pathological grading. Results The serum HBV DNA levels in 27 patients(36%) HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B were higher 10~5 copies/ml.The number of patient at the HBV DNA level increase along with G1～G4 grading ascendant.The correlation between two factors has statistically remarkable significance.Those serum HBeAg quantitative levels are 0～29 PEIU/ml. The number of HBeAg quantitative-positive patients increase also along with G1～G4 grading ascendant and the correlation between two items has statistically significance.However,there are no relationship between serum HBeAg and HBV DNA and G1～G4 grading in 73 patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B whose HBV DNA levels are higher than 10~5 copies/ml. Conclusions Serum HBV DNA level is the indicator by which grading of liver inflammation can be judged in the patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B and former is positively interrelated with latter significantly.That Serum HBeAg level is low but HBV DNA duplicate actively may indicate that there is C-zone mutation in 36% patients with HBeAgnegative chronic hepatitis B.Serum HBV DNA level cannot reflect grading of liver inflammation in the patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B.

Objective To study the clinical significance of urinary type Ⅳ collagen(IVC)and UmAlb/UCr ratio in the diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy. Methods We collected 52 cases of diabetes(group A)without DN(UAE ＜30 mg/24 h),35 cases of diabetes(group B)with early DN(UAE as 30-300 mg/24 h),and 50 cases of healthy controls. The differences of urine IVC,UmAlb/UCr were compared among group A,B and the control group. ROC curve was used for evaluating the use of urine IVC and UmAlb/UCr in the diagnosis of early DN. The correlation of urine IVC and UmAlb/UCr with UAE were investigated,and linear model curve were established. IVC in urine was detected by chemiluminescence,UmAlb was detected by immunoturbidimetric assay,UCr was detected by enzymatic. Statistical analysis were performed with SPSS13.0 statistical software. Results The urine IVC testing of group A,B and the control group were(2. 64 ± 0. 91),(3.91 ± 1.93)and(10. 08 ± 6. 50)μg/L,respectively. The UmAlb/UCr(mg/mmol)testing of group A,B and the control group were(1.50 ± 0. 40),(2. 58 ±2. 10)and(17.95 ± 13. 38)mg/mmol,respectively. Urine IVC and UmAlb/UCr were significant difference between group A,B and the control group(Ps ＜ 0. 01);the ROC area under the curve(AUCROC)of urine IVC and UmAlb/UCr were 0. 724,0. 945,the two indicators for early diagnosis of DN were significant(Ps ＜ 0. 01);The pearson correlation coefficients of the urine IVC and UmAlb/UCr were 0. 529,0. 919 ,respectively. They were positive and significant correlation(Ps ＜ 0. 01),On the basis of the correlation coefficient and linear model fitting curve with the UAE,the relationship of UmAlb/UCr with the UAE was better than that of IVC. Conclusions Urine IVC and UmAlb/UCr ratio,which significantly assists diagnosis in diabetic nephropathy ,can be used as a sensitive diagnostic indicator of diabetic nephropathy. Moreover,the relationship of UmAlb/UCr with the UAE is better than that with IVC.

Objective To compare the efficacy of urinary type Ⅳ collagen( Ⅳ C), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase( NAG ), serum cystatin C ( CysC ), β2 microglobulin ( β2-MG ) in early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy(DN) ,and to develop a multiple regression equation using above mentioned indices. Methods One hundred and eight cases of DM patients were enrolled in the study. All those DM patients were divided into two groups according to 24 hr urinary albumin excretion(UAE): non-DN group( UAE ＜30 mg/24 h)and DN group (UAE ≥30 mg/24 h). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC)curve was developed using urinary IVC, NAG,serum CysC and β2-MG,and the efficiency of the four indices for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy were assessed by area under the curve ROC (AUCROC). Furthermore, the regression equation of four indicators was developed. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 13.0. Results The levels of urine Ⅳ C, NAG,CysC,β2-MG,were(3.91±1.93)ng/ml, ( 12.20 ±3.46)U/L, ( 1.18 ±0.41 )mg/L , (2. 50 ±0. 74)mg/ml in the non-DN group, respectively; and ( 14.14 ± 11.17 ) ng/ml, ( 23.12 ± 13.57 ) U/L, ( 2.69 ± 1.69 ) mg/L and(5.21 ± 2.78)mg/ml in the DN group, respectively. There were significant differences in the comparison of the four indicators between the two groups ( Ps ＜ 0.01 ). AUCROC of Ⅳ C, NAG, CysC and β2-MG were 0. 747,0.732,0.764 and 0.823 respectively;which meant the diagnostic efficacy for DN decended from β2-MG, CysC,Ⅳ C, to NAG in order. All these indices showed significant efficiency in assisting diagnosis of early DN ( Ps ＜0.01 ). The regression equation of UAE and the four indices was: UAE = - 242.624 + 6.362IVC + 8.662NAG + 64. 622CysC + 29.488β2-MG, and the equation had statisticl significance( P ＜ 0.O1 ). Conclusion Urine Ⅳ C, NAG,serum CysC, and β2-MG showed significant value in assisting diagosis of early DN, and could be sensitive indices for DN.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and effects of pseudomonas aerug PA-MSHA vaccine on cytoimmunity in advanced gastric cancer patients. MethodsSeventy two patients with advanced gastric cancer were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Tumor bed was treated intraoperatively by pseudomonas vaccine injection in experimental group.The venous bloods were sampled prior to surgery (preoperative) and on days 10,20,and 30 postoperatively.The total lymphocyte count and lymphocyte subpopulations were detected while the postoperative complications and adverse drug reaction were observed,prognosis was evaluated. ResultsThe total lymphocyte count(P =0.042) and the counts ofCD3+ lymphocyte(P =0.027) and NK cell increased (P =0.012) obviously in experimental group.CD8+ lymphocyte decreased(P =0.037),but the counts of CI4+ lymphocyte and CD4+/CD8+ were not significantly different.Complications were not significantly different in the two groups.One year survival rate was longer ( 94.9％ ) in experimental group than that in the control group ( 83.3％ ) ( P =0.022 ).ConclusionsPeritoneal cavity administration with pseudomonas aerug vaccine was safe,and effectively helps regulate cytoimmunity in postoperative patients of advanced gastric carcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to clone human HSP90beta cDNA and construct its eukaryote expression vector . The total RNA was isolated by TRIzol Reagent (Invitrogen) from human NPC and its cDNA was gained by RT-PCR. The purified RT-PCR products and PGEM-T Easy Vector were ligated and transformed into XL1-blue E. coli bacteria. The white clones were selected and the plasmid was purified, which was further identified by double enzyme digestion and sequenced. PGEM-hHSP90beta and pcDNA3.1(+) DNA were digested by AflII and Xbal respectively. After purification, the two fragments obtained were ligased by using T4 DNA ligase (Fermentas). This recombinant DNA was then transformed into E. coli Competent Cells XL1-blue and positive clones were selected on the LB agarose plate containing Ampr (100 microg/ml). Single clones were identified by double digestion with AflII and Xbal, and two fragments with the size 5.4 kb and 2.1 kb were produced as expected. The hHSP90beta gene was successfully inserted into the eukaryote expression vector pcDNA3.1(+) by the recombination technique in vitro.
Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of post-core background color on chromatic value of four all-ceramic system core materials at clinically appropriate thicknesses.

METHODSDisc specimens of 15 mm in diameter and 0.80 mm in thickness (Empress II: Group A), and 0.50 mm in thickness (In-Ceram Zirconia core: Group B; Cercon base color zirconia core: Group C; Cercon base zirconia core: Group D) were fabricated, five in each group. Au-Pt alloy, Ni-Cr alloy and visible light cured dental composite resin (A2 color) background were prepared. Samples were put on different background and their chromatic values were measured with colorimeter (CIE-1976-L(*)a(*)b(*)). Color differences of each specimen on different background material were calculated.

RESULTSThe color differences among specimens of Group A on different background material were more than 1.5 (2.83 ± 0.70) which meant it could be noticeable to eyes. Those of zirconia were less than 1.5 [Group B: (0.14 ± 0.08); Group C: (0.90 ± 0.20); Group D: (0.99 ± 0.09)].

CONCLUSIONSThe influence of background color on Group A was noticeable to human eyes, and as a result, tooth-colored post should be used for this all-ceramic system. For the other three kinds of zirconia core materia1 system, the color differences among specimens on different background material were unnoticeable. Therefore the three all-ceramic systems have excellent color masking ability and can be used on all color background.

Ceramics ; chemistry ; Color ; Colorimetry ; Dental Porcelain ; chemistry ; Dental Veneers ; Lithium Compounds ; chemistry ; Post and Core Technique ; Zirconium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of surface treating methods on the shear strength of Panavia F luting cements to Cercon zirconia.

METHODSForty sample disc of Cercon zirconia with 20 mm in diameter and 4 mm in height were prepared. Another 40 sample discs with 5 mm in diameter and 4 mm in height were also prepared Both of the two types of samples were randomly devided into four groups A, B, C, and D in which different surface treatments were delivered. In group A samples was treated with 600# sand paper, and in group Bwith sand blasting, and silanization in group C, and sand blasting plus silanization in group D. All samples were bonded with Panavia F luting cement under the aid of glass mould. The value of shear strength was measured and statistically analysed.

RESULTSThe shear strength of four groups of samples were (21.50 ± 1.98), (23.68 ± 2.31), (20.69 ± 1.55), (24.01 ± 2.19) MPa respectively. The population mean was not equal. There was no significant difference between 600# sand paper treated group and silanization group, nor between sand blasting group and sand blasting plus silanization group.

CONCLUSIONSSand blasting is a effective means to increase the shear strength, and 600# sand paper treatment and silanization can't increase the shear strength.

Dental Bonding ; Dental Cements ; chemistry ; Dental Porcelain ; chemistry ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Materials Testing ; Resin Cements ; chemistry ; Shear Strength ; Surface Properties ; Zirconium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T mutation and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels with hyperlipidemia.

METHODSBlood samples were collected from 1591 adults for detecting MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), plasma Hcy levels with enzymatic cycling method, and blood lipid levels as well. The patients were divided according to the lipid levels into hyperlipidemia group (n=694) and healthy control group (n=897) and the differences in MTHFR gene C677T polymorphisms and plasma Hcy levels were compared.

RESULTSThe hyperlipidemia group and healthy control group showed no significant differences in CC, CT, or TT genotype frequencies or C and T allele frequencies of MTHFR C677T gene, and had comparable plasma Hcy levels (P>0.05). Patients with 3 different MTHFR C677T genotypes had significant differences in plasma Hcy levels (P<0.01) but not in blood lipid levels (P>0.05). Pairwise comparison indicated a significantly higher plasma Hcy level in TT genotype than in CC and CT genotypes (P<0.01), and the latter two genotypes showed no significant difference (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONMTHFR C677T polymorphisms and plasma Hcy levels are closely related but neither of them is associated with hyperlipidemia. The TT genotype is associated with a significantly higher plasma Hcy level than CC and CT genotypes.

Adult ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Homocysteine ; blood ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; genetics ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

BACKGROUND: Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is one of the most serious and rare postoperative complications, especially the bronchial stump fistula after lobectomy/pneumonectomy. Common treatment options include conservative medical treatment combined with surgery. However, due to the delayed healing of the fistula, the chest cavity continues to communicate with the outside world, and the patient is prone to complicated with severe thoracic infection and respiratory failure, so that the physical condition can hardly tolerate the second surgical procedure. Endoscopic treatment provides a new option for the treatment of this complication. METHODS: A case of right pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma was admitted to the Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital in June 2016. The diagnosis and treatment was retrospectively analyzed, and the literature was reviewed. RESULTS: A 65 year old male patient was admitted to hospital because of "cough with blood in sputum for 3 months". Chest computed tomography (CT) showed soft tissue density mass shadow in the right lower lobe. A tumor could be seen in the opening of the right middle lobe and basal segment of lower lobe. Biopsy confirmed squamous cell carcinoma. Diagnosis consideration: squamous cell carcinoma of the middle and lower lobe of the right lung (cT2aN2, IIIa). Patients received gemcitabine plus cisplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 2 cycles, and the effect of chemotherapy showed stable disease (SD). Four weeks after chemotherapy, the patient underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) assisted right middle and lower lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection. On the 5th day after operation, the patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and was transferred to intensive care unit (ICU) again after endotracheal intubation. On the 7th day after operation, the patient developed a right intermediate trunk bronchial stump fistula, but due to ARDS, the patient's physical condition could not tolerate the second operation. Under the support of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a membrane covered, expandable, hinged stent was inserted into the intermediate trunk bronchial stump through rigid bronchoscope, and was successfully blocked. Due to no improvement in ARDS and irreversible pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, the patient received double lung transplantation successfully after systemic anti-infection treatment. CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic implantation of covered stent is a simple, safe and effective method for closure of bronchial stump fistula. When the patient's clinical situation is not suitable for immediate surgery, endoscopic stent implantation can be used as a preferred treatment method to create opportunities for follow-up treatment.