OBJECTIVE:To study the extraction process of ginsenoside.METHODS:The optimal extraction process was selected with the orthogonal design.The content of ginsenoside in ginseng was determined by UV-Spectrophotometry.RESUL_TS:The amount and concentration of alcohol and extraction time showed significant influence on extract obtained.CONCLUSI_ON:The optimal extraction process is as follows:adding 75% alcohol into crude ginseng(6∶1 in weight) and extracting 6 times for 45 min each extraction.

BACKGROUND:Scientific and technological literature as the main carrier which displays development of science and technology has been not used to review the research on sports biomechanics, so development of sports biomechanics is restricted. OBJECTIVE:Based on the co-word analysis of high-frequency keywords, to objectively analyze the present situation and development trend of the foreign sports biomechanics by using the multivariate statistical method. METHODS:Based on the colection of international literature on sport biomechanics from Web of Science, we explored the research topics by factor analysis, cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis with the help of co-word analysis and SPSS 20.0. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:International research topics of sports biomechanics mainly include four groups: mechanics of sports injury and sports biomechanics, motor analysis and sports biomechanics, prevention of sports injury and sport biomechanics, sports rehabilitation and sports biomechanics, al of which have been analyzed deeply. Finaly based on the analysis of characteristics of research topics, we make a prospect of sports biomechanics in China in combination with China’s national condition.

Objective To investigate the influence of hospital-community integrated management mode on self behavior and blood glucose level in patients with typeⅡdiabetes .Method Three hundred and thirty-six patients with type II diabetes were treated with hospital-community integrated management. The index of biochemical indicators and self behaviors were compared between pre-and post-intervention.Result After intervention,the patients had improvements not only in medication compliance,rationale dieting,regular examination and self monitoring and physical exercises,but also in the indexes of biochemical indicators including fasting blood glucose(FBG),2 hour postprandial blood glucose(2 hBG), glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1 c),(all P<0.05).Conclusion The hospital-community integrated management mode is helpful for the patients to form a right behavioral pattern and thus promoting the normalizations of biochemical indicators.

The self-renewal and multipotent potentials in neural stem cells (NSCs) maintain the normal physiological functions of central nervous system (CNS). The abnormal differentiation of NSCs would lead to CNS disorders. However, the mechanisms of how NSCs differentiate into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes (OLs) and neurons are still unclear, which is mainly due to the complexity of differentiation processes and the limitation of the cell separation method. In this study, we modeled the dynamics of neural cell interactions in a systemic approach by mining the high-throughput genomic and proteomic data, and identified 8615 genes that are involved in various biological processes and functions with significant changes during the differentiation processes. A total of 1559 genes are specifically expressed in neural cells, in which 242 genes are NSC specific, 215 are astrocyte specific, 551 are OL specific, and 563 are neuron specific. In addition, we proposed 57 transcriptional regulators specifically expressed in NSCs may play essential roles in the development courses. These findings provide more comprehensive analysis for better understanding the endogenous mechanisms of NSC fate determination.
Animals ; Astrocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Mice ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Oligodendroglia ; cytology ; metabolism ; Protein Interaction Mapping

Objective To investigate the expression of Rab11 in children with sepsis at different sta-ges and severe sepsis and its relationship with the occurrence and development of sepsis in children. Methods A prospective control study was performed. All cases were enrolled from Bao′an Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital, and they were divided into sepsis group(40 cases) who were diagnosed as sepsis, severe sepsis group(20 cases) with diagnosis of severe sepsis,and healthy control group(40 healthy chil-dren) . Venous blood samples were collected at admission,and the expression level of blood leukocyte Rab11 was determined by Western blot. In the sepsis group,the expression levels of Rab11 were evaluated at the initial,the extreme and the recovery stages of sepsis,and were compared with those in severe sepsis group and healthy control group, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the expressions of Rab11 and the levels of some parameters in blood,including white blood cell,neu-trophils,lymphocytes,monocytes,eosinophilic granulocyte,C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in blood,at the extreme stage. Meanwhile,the levels of Rab11 at extreme stage of sepsis,caused by different diseases, such as severe pneumonia,bronchiectasis complicated pulmonary infection,biliary tract infection,urinary tract infection, necrotizing enterocolitis and severe enteric viruses infection, were compared with each other. Results At the initial and the extreme stages of sepsis, as well as in severe sepsis group,the levels of Rab11 were significantly lower than that in the healthy control group(0. 54 times,0. 23 times and 0. 07 times, P<0. 05,respectively). There were no significant differences in the expression levels of Rab11 at the recovery stages of sepsis compared with that in the healthy control group(P>0. 05). There was no relation-ship between the level of Rab11 and the number of white blood cell, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophilic granulocyte, while the level of Rab11 was negatively correlated with C-reactive protein ( r =-0. 58,P=0. 014) and procalcitonin(r= -0. 63,P=0. 003) at the extreme stage of sepsis. There was no significant difference in the expression level of Rab11,at the extreme stage of sepsis,among those patients with severe pneumonia,bronchiectasis and pulmonary infection,biliary tract infection,urinary tract infection, necrotizing enterocolitis and severe enterovirus infection(P>0. 05). Conclusion The level of Rab11 is differently expressed at different stages of sepsis,and could be used as a predictor of the severity of sepsis in children.

Drugs targeting immune checkpoint are used for cancer treatment, but resistance to single drug may occur. Combination therapy blocking multiple checkpoints simultaneously can improve clinical outcome. Therefore, we designed a recombinant protein rPC to block multiple targets, which consists of extracellular domains of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4). The coding sequence was inserted into expression vector and stably transfected into HEK293 cells. The culture supernatant was collected and rPC was affinity-purified. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of ligands for PD-1 and CTLA-4 in several human cancer cell lines. The binding of rPC with cancer cells was examined by immunofluorescence cell staining, the influence of rPC on cancer cell growth was assayed by CCK-8. The results showed that rPC could be expressed and secreted by stably transfected HEK293 cells, the purified rPC could bind to lung cancer NCI-H226 cells which have high levels of ligands for PD-1 and CTLA-4, no direct impact on cancer cell growth could be observed by rPC treatment. The recombinant protein rPC can be functionally assayed further for developing novel immunotherapeutic drugs for cancer.
Animals ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; genetics ; Protein Binding ; Protein Domains ; genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism

ERα-36 is a novel subtype of estrogen receptor α which promotes tumor cell proliferation, invasion and drug resistance, and it serves as a therapeutic target. However, only small-molecule compounds targeting ERα-36 are under development as anticancer drugs at present. Gene therapy approach targeting ERα-36 can be explored using recombinant adenovirus armed with decoy receptor. The recombinant shuttle plasmid pDC316-Ig κ-ERα-36-Fc-GFP was constructed via genetic engineering to express an Ig κ-signaling peptide-leading secretory recombinant fusion protein ERα-36-Fc. The recombinant adenovirus Ad-ERα-36-Fc-GFP was subsequently packaged, characterized and amplified using AdMax^TM adenovirus packaging system. The expression of fusion protein and functional outcome of Ad-ERα-36-Fc-GFP transduction were further analyzed with triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Results showed that the recombinant adenovirus Ad-ERα-36-Fc-GFP was successfully generated. The virus effectively infected MDA-MB-231 cells which resulted in expression and secretion of the recombinant fusion protein ERα-36-Fc, leading to significant inhibition of EGFR/ERK signaling pathway. Preparation of the recombinant adenovirus Ad-ERα-36-Fc-GFP provides a basis for further investigation on cancer gene therapy targeting ERα-36.
Adenoviridae/genetics* ; Cell Proliferation ; Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism* ; Recombinant Proteins ; Transfection