38.5 ℃) and urine leakage were similar between the two groups [8.7% (4/46) vs 3.7% (1/27),?2=0.112,P=0.737; and 0 (0/46) vs 3.7% (1/27),?2=0.074,P=0.786]. Conclusions Both MPCNL and RLUL are effective and safe for impacted upper ureteral calculi. RLUL,which results in less blood loss but longer operation time,is feasible in advanced hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is possibly related to regulation of various cell signals that are derived from aqueous uveoscleral outflow pathway.OBJECTIVE: To explore effect of travoprost on the expression of NF-κB and inhibitor-κB (I-κB) in human ciliary muscle cells cultured in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A contrast study, which was performed in the Laboratory of Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center from March 2005 to November 2006.MATERIALS: Eyeballs were obtained from the youth who died due to other diseases except eye disease no more than one hour. The relatives voluntarily provided the informed consent.METHODS: Travoprost (1 μmol/L) was added in human ciliary muscle cell culture medium, and then the samples were divided into four groups according to culture time, including 0-hour (control group), 6-hour, 12-hour, and 24-hour experimental groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of mRNA and protein of NF-κB p65 and I-κBα in the four groups by using real-time RT-PCR, immunofluorescence relative quantitative analysis and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. RESULTS: As compared to control group, mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 in the 6-hour, 12-hour, and 24-hour experimental groups was decreased (F=17.068, P=0.001); while mRNA expression of I-κBα was not changed remarkably in the 6-hour and 12-hour experimental groups (P > 0.05), but the expression was significantly higher than that in the 24-hour experimental group (F=32.742, P=0.000). Immunofluorescence relative quantitative analysis showed that the fluorescence intensity of NF-κB p65 in the 6-hour, 12-hour, and 24-hour experimental groups were weaker than that in the 0-hour control group (F=17.216, P=0.000); additionally, as compared to 0-hour control group, fluorescence intensity of I-κBα in the 6-hour experimental group was not changed remarkably (P=0.134), that in the 12-hour experimental group was weakened (P=0.032), and that in the 24-hour experimental group was strengthened (F=17.346, P=0.001). ELISA revealed that expression of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 was decreased gradually by the time of being induced by travoprost (F=15.4, P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Travoprost can down-regulate mRNA expression of NF-κB p65, inhibit nuclear translocation, and up-regulate mRNA expression of I-κBα in human ciliary muscle cells.

Objective To optimize the extraction technology of perilla seeds oil from the oil cake of perilla seeds (OCPS) by using the contents of active fatty acids as evaluation standard. Methods The fatty acids were extracted from OCPS,the residue of perilla seeds after cold-press, by smashing tissue extraction (STE), the new technology selected through comparing with classical leaching extraction (LE), Soxhlet extraction (SE), ultrasonic extraction (UE), and supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction (SFE). For optimized condition of STE, orthogonal test was designed and completed. The contents of five fatty acids in extracted oil and OCPS were determined by GC. Results The optimized extraction parameters were smashing for 1.5 min under extraction power of 150 W and 1:6 of the material/solvent ratio. The contents of five fatty acids in the oils extracted by five techniques from OCPS and determined by GC were as follows:a-linolenic acid (41.12%-51.81%), linoleic acid (15.38%-16.43%), oleic acid (18.93%-27.28010), stearic acid (2.56%-4.01%), and palmitic acid (7.38%-10.77%). Conclusion The results show that STE is the most efficient technology with the highest yield (LE:0.57%; SE:1.03%; UE:0.61%; SFE:0.8(r; STE:1.17%) and shortest time (LE:720 min; SE:360 min; UE:30 min; SFE:120 min; STE:1.5 min) among five tested extraction technologies. It is fast reported using STE to extract herbal oil enriched with active fatty acids.

OBJECTIVE:To establish HPLC method for the determination of the content of paeoniflorin in Shenshao?gankang oral liquid.METHODS:Paeoniflorin was separated on Kromasil C 18 ;methanol-0.05mol/L KH 2 PO 4 solution-avantin(60∶173∶4,which was adjusted to pH=4.0with acetic acid)was taken as the mobile phase with a flow rate at1.0ml/min and detection wavelength at230nm.RESULTS:Good linear relationship was achieved when the detection concentration range of peoniflorin was0.027～0.230mg/ml(r=0.9999);The average recovery of peoniflorin was100.97%(RSD=1.28%,n=5). CONCLUSION:The method was simple,rapid,precise and reproducible,which can be used as the quality control of Shenshaogankang oral liquid.

Objective To study the value of common X-ray and CT scanning in the spinal bursting fracture (abridged English:BF).Methods By the frontal,lateral X-ray film and CT scanning,the imaging manifestations of BF in 43 cases were analysed,contrasted,summarised and classified .Results Among the BF 43 cases,the classifications were type A(10 cases),type B(15 cases),type C(2 cases),type D(9 cases) and type E(7 cases).The three-post injure had 34 cases,the two-post injure had 9 cases,the spinal canal narrowing:0?was 8 cases,1?was 12 cases,2? was 23 cases;the rear spinal edges discontinuation was 35 cases.Conclusion The diagnostic value of X-ray film to BF is reflecting the bones injured change of spinal fracture type,flexion and damaged rear edge.The CT scanning advantage is showing the fracture lines trend,relative scope,degree of spinal canal deformation and narrow,infering the pressed situation and injured spinal cord.The two methods combine and confirm each other in order to help clinical diagnosis the right treating.

OBJECTIVE To study the analytic method for assaying of glutaral concentration by enzyme-labeled device at one time.METHODS Controlled solution of glutaral and sample solution were taken out and kept until the room temperature.Optical density value was detected at 450 nm.Content of sample was calculated by comparison with the known concentration of glutaral.RESULTS In the range of 0.75-2.50%,concentration of glutaral had linear relationship with the optical density value.Reproductive test:relative average error was within 2%,RSD≤2.51%;interference test:oxidation-resistant-sodium nitrite could make the result negative error.0.1% Sodium nitrite could make the test result decrease by 1.5% relatively.CONCLUSIONS The method is simple,fast and convenient,with accuracy which has met the requirement of hospital infection monitoring and acceptable interfering range made by additives,which is highly practical.

Objective To study the effect of family intervention on treatment compliance and social function for patients with schizophrenia.Methods 76 patients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group with 38 cases in each group.The patients in both groups were treated with antipsychotics,the control group was only given general hygiene education,while the intervention group was given targeted systematic family intervention for 1 year.The Nurse-Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (N-BPRS),Social Disability Screening scale (SDSS),Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire (ITAQ),medication adherence questionnaire were used before and after the intervention and then the recurrence rate within 1 year was calculated.Results At the end of 1 year the total scores of NBPRS,SDSS,medication adherence questionnaire significantly decreased in the intervention group and were signif-icantly lower than those of the control group at the same period,while the total score of ITAQ significantly increased in the intervention group and was significantly higher than those of the control group at the same period.The recurrence rate of the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group.Conclusions The family interventions contribute to promote insight recovery of the patients with schizophrenia ef-fectively and improve their treatment compliance,reduce recurrence and to promote the recovery of its so-cial function.

BACKGROUND:Travoprost can increase human ciliary muscle cell interspace, decrease uveoscleral outflow resistance and then decrease intraocular pressure. But whether this action pathway is conducted by enhancing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in the ciliary muscle cells remains unclear.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of travoprost on the expression of MMP-2 in the human ciliary muscle cells.DESIGN:Controlled observation analysis.SETTING:Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS:This study was Carried out in the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen University between August 2005 and April 2006.Donor was from the unilateral eyeball of a youth patient,who was dead within one hour,had no any disease (informed consent was obtained from the relatives) in the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University.Rabbit anti.human MMP-2 polyclonal antibody (Boster Bioengineering Co.,Ltd,Wuhan),and travoprost (86610F,0.004% solution,ALCON company.USA) were used in this study.METHODS: Experimental intervention: 1μmol/L travoprost was added into bovine serum-free medium of human ciliary muscle cell, serving as experimental group,and meanwhile,the cells which were not interfered by drugs were taken as control group.In the experimental group,cells were harvested 6, 12,and 24 hours after travoprost being added.Experimental evaluation:MMP-2 gene and protein expressions in the human ciliary muscle cells in each group were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA methods.The activity of MMP-2 in each group was detected by Zymography technique.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:MMP-2 mRNA expression in the human ciliary muscle cell,MMP-2 protein expression and MMP-2 activity in the extracellular fluid.RESULTS:①In the experimental group, at 6,12 and 24 hours after travoprost being added,the relative expression of MMP-2 mRNA was gradually increased (F=236.959,P＜0.01).②In the experimental group,at 6,12 and 24 hours after travoprost being added,MMP-2 protein was also gradually increased with time (F=38.110,P＜0.01).③Zymography technique detection showed that in the experimental group,at 6,12 and 24 hours after travoprost adding,MMP-2 activity was gradually enhanced with time (F=74.348,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:After human ciliary muscle cell cultured in vitro being subjected to the intervention of travoprost.MMP-2 expression is gradually increased with action time of travoprost, and meanwhile MMP-2 activity is also gradually enhanced.

Objective To evaluate the changes of the upper airway of the patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) before and after operations and to know the effects of operations by MSCT. Methods The upper airway dimensions of 26 patients with OSAS were measured on multiplanar reformatted (MPR), curved-planar reformatted (CPR), volume rendering(VR) images of 16-slice spiral CT. The measurements include the anteroposterior calibres and the areas on the reformatted axial images on the pharyngeal cavity levels, the calibres and the minimum areas in retropalatal and retroglossal regions, the areas of the soft palate and uvula on the reformatted sagittal view with maximum thickness, the maximum wall thickness of the right and left the upper airway on the coronary images, the volume of the upper airway before and after the operations. The measurements were correlated with the polysomnography (PSG) records. The data were analyzed paired-samples t-test and Pearson correlations. Results By comparison, the anteroposterior calibres and the cross-sectional areas on the reformatted axial view of the lower retropalatal region (slice 4) of the upper airway increased significantly after operations. The anteroposterior diameter increased from 5. 9 mm before operations to 12.8 mm after operations, where t = - 5.506, P < 0.05. The areas increased from 51.0 mm~2 before operations to 275.0 mm~2 after operations, where t = -5.011, P <0.05. In the higher retropalatal region (shce 2) of the upper airway, the anteroposterior diameter decresased from 14.8 mm before operations to 9.2 mm after operations, where t = 2.867, P < 0.05. The areas decreased from 241.0 mm~2 before operations to 128.0 mm~2 after operations, where t = 3.087, P < 0.05. The anteroposterior calibres of retroglossal region (slice 7) decreased from 12.7 mm before operations to 10.3 mm after operations,where t = 3.718, P <0.05. The L-R calibres and the minimum areas of of retropalatal increased significantly from 6.4 mm, 33.0 mm~2 before operation to 10.9 mm, 76. 0 mm~2 after operation, where t = -3.413, -2. 216, respectively and P < 0.05. Of the 9 cases whose apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) ≤5 events/hour after operations, the minimum areas of retropalatal region, the anterio-posterior diameter, L-R calibres increased significantly. The areas increased from 41.0 mm2 before operations to 76.0 mm~2 after operations, were t = -4. 932, P <0.05. The anteroposterior calibres increased from 4.6 mm before operations to 6.6 mm after operations, where t = - 7. 308, P < 0.05. The L-R calibres increased from 8.3 mm before operations to 13.6 mm after operations, where t = - 4.320, P < 0.05. Conclusions MPR、CPR、VR of MSCT can evaluate the not only the morphology but the function changes of the upper airways on the OSAS patients. The increasing of the minimum cross-sectional area may be one of the important indications for evaluating operations. The narrowing of the higher retropalatal region of the upper airway after operations should be an alert to the clinicians.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of multislice-CT angiography (MSCTA)in planning for the patients undergoing deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEAP) flap operations. Methods Eighteen patients were performed with a 16-slice CT scanner to evaluate the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator prior to DIEAP flap operations. Axial, multiplanar reconstruction( MPR), maximum intensity projection(MIP) and volume rendered (VR) images were analysed and the origins, calibers, courses and anatomic relationships of the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator were evaluated. The anastomosis between the superficial inferior epigastric artery and the main perforator was observed as well. The images were classified into three grades based on the vessels'appearance. A + indicated the vessel appeared clear,continuous and thick. A- indicated the vessel appeared foggy,discontinuous and thin or the vessel partly showed. B indicated no related vessel can be seen. Other 18 patients undergoing conventional abdomen-pelvis CT scans for other reasons were used for control group to compare their CT findings of the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator. Results MSCTA well showed the course of the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA). Of the 18 cases, 17 cases appeared as A +, another one A -. It precisely displayed the origins, subcutaneous and intramuscular courses, relations of the main perforators on all cases of showing A +. The exact points where the chosen perforator vessels emerged from the rectus abdominis muscle fascia were located precisely. The superficial inferior epigastric arteries were mostly displayed and the connection between the arteries and the largest-caliber perforator from the deep system could also be shown clearly. Strict concordance with operative findings was found in CTA. Conclusion MSCTA can precisely locate the chosen perforator vessels emerging from the rectus abdominis muscle fascia and it may be a feasible, fast, safe and effective method for preoperative evaluation of DIEAP.