Aim To study the effect of montelukast on eosinophilic airway inflammation of asthmatic guinea pigs,and explore possible mechanism of montelukast. Methods Experimental asthma model of guinea pigs was induced by ovalbumin in vivo. The eosinophils in BALF were separated by density gradient centrifugation. The apoptosis of eosinophils was labeled by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)technique. The content of IL-5 in BALF was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of ECP in BALF was detected through fluorescence enzyme-labeled assay. Results In BALF of asthmatic guinea pigs model, the number of eosinophils and content of IL-5 and ECP increased obviously, while the apoptosis index of eosinophils was lowered. After treatment with montelukast, the number of eosinophils and content of IL-5 and ECP in BALF of asthmatic guinea pigs decreased significantly, while the apoptosis index of eosinophils was elevated significantly. Conclusion Montelukast can inhibit the eosinophilic airway inflammation of asthmatic guinea pigs. Lowering the levels of IL-5 and ECP in BALF, promoting apoptosis of eosinophils and relieving airway infiltration of eosinophils may be important mechanisms for montelukast to antagonize airway inflammation of asthma.

Objective:To vealuate the effect of percutaneous transhepatic insertion of biliary setents(PTIBS) and arterial chemoenbolization for treatment of malignent biliary obstruction(MBO).Methods:Twelve patients with MBO were treated with PTIBS,following by arterial chemoenbolization in two weeks,one time each months.Results:Fourteen stents were placed in 12 cases.The total serum bilirubin level declined from 534?120 umol/L to 45?23 umol/L in 11 patients.The survival rate of 6 and 12 monthes were 83.3% and 50% respectively.Two cases were reobsturcted after 5 months of first stent implacemnt and were retreated by insertion of second stents.The total thirty-five times arterial chemoembolization was performed in 12 cases with remarkable effect.Conclusion:PTIBS combined arterial chemoembolization was an safe ;effective interventional treatment for MBO. [

Objective To study the point mutation of FUT2 gene in Chinese Han population.Methods Using direct sequencing,molecular cloning techniques and the comparing with the gene sequence reportedby Kelly, the FUT2 gene structures of 41Chinese Han individuals have were studied.Results The G428A mutations of FUT2 gene was not found,but the A385T and C357T mutations were found in the 41 Chinese Han individuals.Among the 41 individuals,24 had A385T mutation and 17 had no A385T mutation.The neutral mutation C357T was found in all 41individuals.Conclusion The G428A point mutation of FUT2 which is commonly found in non secretor of Africans and Caucasian was not found in Chinese population.There are A385T and C357T point mutations which were found in 41 Chinese Han individuals.The present stady shows the difference between Chinese and Caucasian,and other non secretor mutations will be revealed by further investigation

Objective To study the Secretor gene (FUT2) molecular structure of Uighur population in Xinjiang area,China. Methods DNA was extracted from 40 Uygur unrelated donors' blood and sequence analysis of FUT2 genes was performed. Results Four mutations in the FUT2 genes of Uighur donors have been identified. The frequencies of mutations were 71.25% for 357T, 28.75% for 357C,77.50% for 385A,22.50% for 385T,70% for 428G,30% for 428A,72.50% for 739G and 27.50% for 739A. Conclusion Based on the characteristics of FUT2 gene structure of Xinjiang Uighur,it cauld be thought that there are some relationships between Xinjiang Uighur, Taiwanese of China and Caucasiany.

Objective To investigate the residual risks of transfusion-transmitted HBV/HCV/HIV in current donor screening system of Qingdao area.Methods After the ELISA tests(HbsAg,anti-HCV,anti-HIV) were performed,NAT tests of HBV-DNA,HCV-RNA,and HIV-RNA on plasma samples were conducted.Such specimens as have discrepant ELISA and NAT results(N+/E-,or N-/E+) were subject to further follow-up confirmation tests.Results Among 12000 donor samples,no sample with anti-HCV(-)/HCV-RNA(+) or with anti-HIV(-)/HIV-RNA(+) was detected.However,2 individuals were detected as HBsAg(-)/HBV-DNA(+).One donor had negative ELISA test results in HBsAb,HBeAg,HBeAb,and HBcAb at the first screening.But the HBsAg,HBeAg and HBcAb were confirmed positive along with HBV-DNA after 11 weeks.The other donor was negative for HBsAb,HBeAg,and HBeAb but positive for HBcAb.Follow up tests after 3 weeks indicated the same serological results,with a similar low viralload at about 1000 IU/mL.Conclusion Due to the window period and occult HBV infection,current blood donor screening system has some residual risks of transfusion-transmitted HBV.NAT and HBcAb tests should be implemented to reduce the residual risks of transfusion-transmitted HBV.

Objective To analyse the multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT) findings of small cholangiocarcinoma of common bile duct.Methods 15 cases with pathologically verified small cholangiocarcinoma of common bile duct were undergone unenhanced and three-phase contrast-enhanced MSCT scan.The entire morphologic changes of common bile duct were analysed with curved planar reformation(CPR).Results The attenuation of tumor relative to pancreas was iso-density in all cases at plain CT scan,hypo-density in 10 cases,iso-density in 3 cases and hyper-density in 2 cases at arterial phase,hypo-density in 1 case,iso-density in 3 cases and hyper-density in 11 cases at portal phase,iso-density in 5 caaes and hyper-density in 10 cases at delayed phase.The focal wall thickening of common bile duct appeared as circular or eccentric in 13 cases,intraluminal nodule in 2 cases,common bile duct was narrowing sharply in 11 cases and ending abruptly in 4 cases at obstructive level.Conclusion The small cholangiocarcinoma of common bile duct is of certain characteristics at unenhanced and three-phase contrast-enhanced CT scan.

AIM To examine the effect and mechanism of emodin on intestinal movement of constipation model. METHODS The movement of charcoal powder and the absorption of D-xylose into serum were observed. The electrical p otential difference(PD) related to Na + and glucose transport was measured across the wall of rev erted intestinal sacs. RESULTS Emodin 0 1, 0 2 g?kg -1 incr eased markedly the rate of charcoal powder moving and inhibited the absorption of D-xylose into serum. Emodin 0 2, 0 4, 0 8 and 1 6 g?L -1 decreased PD when ther e was glucose. However, emodin had little effect when glucose was free. CONCLUSION Emodin promotes intestinal movement and this effect is related to Na +,K +-ATPase.

Objective The clinical value of ifrst-trimester standard ultrasound views in screening for fetal structural abnormalities. Methods From September 2008 to March 2011, transabdominal sonographic screening by standard ultrasound views was performed in 3 134 viable singleton pregnancies during the ifrst trimester at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Used the following views:(1) Fetal proifle;(2) Neck sagittal;(3) Skull and brain;(4) Thorax;(5) Abdomen;(6) Bladder;(7) Upper limbs, and (8) Lower limbs. The women underwent 20-to 24-week and 28-to 32-week ultrasound examination if the anatomical survey was normal during the ifrst trimester. Follow-up was obtained by reviewing of the birth records from hospital charts. Results Sixteen prenatal abnormalities were detected at 11-to 13-week scan (including one case of encephalocele and meningoceles, one case of endothelial cushion defect and single umbilical artery, one case of ectopia cordis, gastroschisis, and spinal abnormalities, two cases of exencephaly, one case of anencephaly, one case of gastroschisis and lower limb malformation, two cases of omphalocele, one case of encephalocele, ectopia cordis, and gastroschisis, one case of single ventricle, one case of endothelial cushion defect, four cases of hyhrop). All of the 13 women decided on termination of pregnancy. Three suspected structural abnormalities (hydrops) detected at the ifrst-trimester scan were found as normal after birth. Seven cases were diagnosed at 20-to 24-week scan (including one case of dextrocardiac and double outlet right ventricle;two cases of endothelial cushion defects;one case of trisomy 21 with VSD;one case of omphalocele, one case of short ulna and radial with wrist distortion, and one case of club foot). One case of diaphragmatic hernia was detected at 32-week scan. Two cases (one case of cardiac defects and one case of ear deformity) were identified after birth. Of all the 3 134 fetuses, follow-up was obtained in 2 822 cases, 312 cases were excluded from the analysis because the outcome of their pregnancy could not be traced. Twenty-three fetuses with at least one major structural defect detected by prenatal ultrasonography were confirmed by follow-up. The sensitivity of the standard first-trimester ultrasound views was 56.5%(13/23), speciifcity was 99.9%(2 796/2 799), CR was 99.6%(2 812/2 822), and the false negative rate was 43.5%(10/23). Conclusions The standard views of the ifrst trimester are feasible and effective in screening the major fetal abnormalities including exencephaly, anencephaly, gastroschisis, omphalocele, ectopia cordis and single ventricle. However, ultrasound screening in early pregnancy still has some limitations, continuous scanning in different stages of pregnancy is necessary.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of the early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) classification criteria for early RA and to assess the clinical efficacy of knee arthroscopic synovectomy for RA.Methods A total of 62 patients who had arthritic complaints with disease duration less than one year were treated with knee arthroscopic synovectomy.Patients were diagnosed as RA confirmed by changes of synoviomorphous under arthroscopy,synovial biopsy,immunological biochemical laboratory and MRI,and compared with the preoperative ERA diagnosis.The efficacy was assessed at the third months and more than 12 months after operation,including Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ),Lysholm score,laboratory parameters of erythrocyte sedi-mentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP).Results The sensitivity and specificity in the early RA classification criteria for RA diagnosis were 81.58％ and 91.67％.38 patients diagnosed as RA and the remaining 24 patients were significantly improved of HAQ,Lysholm score,ESR,CRP compared with preoperation,showed statistical difference (P ＜ 0.01).There were still statistical differences between the follow-up results of the group of patients with RA in different period after operation (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The early RA classification criteria is worthy of clinical application,because it has the advantages of simple,practical,and is beneficial to early diagnosis of RA.The early RA patients should be treated with knee arthroscopic synovectomy as far as possible.It can improve not only the knee function,but also the general symptoms,and it can interrupt the RA pathological process,effective maintain curative effect after operation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Compound Rhubarb Mixture on contraction of isolated small intestinal smooth muscle of rabbit. METHODS: Serum containing Compound Rhubarb Mixture was prepared. The contraction curves of isolated small intestinal smooth muscle before and after administration of the serum were recorded by Medlab biological information collecting system. RESULTS: The serum containing Compound Rhubarb Mixture amplified the contraction amplitude of isolated small intestinal smooth muscle of rabbit. The rate of change of contraction amplitude was elevated significantly after administration, while the frequency of contraction did not change obviously. CONCLUSION: The serum containing Compound Rhubarb Mixture can enhance the contractive function of isolated small intestinal smooth muscle of rabbit.