Objective To study the chemical constituents in the immature fruits of Momordica charantia. Methods Isolation and purification were carried out by macroporous absorption resin and silica gel, and compounds were identified and elucidated by spectral and chemical methods. Results Ten compounds were obtained from alcohol extract and five of them were determined as germanicyl acetate (Ⅰ), aglycone of momordicoside Ⅰ (Ⅱ), aglycone of momordicoside L (Ⅲ), charantin (Ⅳ), and ?-sitosterol (Ⅴ). Conclusion For all the first time, compound Ⅰ is found in the plants of Momordica L., compound Ⅱ is found as novel natural product in this plant, and compound Ⅲ is found in China.

Objective To study the chemical constituents in Momordica charantia.Methods The alcohol extract was isolated by macroporous adsorption resin and silica gel,and the compound structures were identified by spectral methods.Results Two couple isomers were isolated,the structure of one couple was identified as 19R-5?,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23,25-trien-3?,19-diol(Ⅰa)and 19S-5?,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23,25-trien-3?,19-diol(Ⅰb);the structure of the other couple was identified as 3-O-glucopyranoside of 5?,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23,25-trien-3-ol(Ⅱa),and 3-O-allopyranoside of 5?,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23,25-trien-3-ol(Ⅱb).Conclusion New compounds Ⅰa,Ⅰb,Ⅱa,and Ⅱb are isolated from M.charantia for the first time.

Objective:To observe the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell isolation,identification methods and protection mechanisms in the kidney of diabetic rats.Methods: Thirty-one rats were used to isolate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by adherent culture method.Cell morphology was observed by phase contrast microscope.The surface molecular weight of cultured cells was detected by Real-time PCR.30 rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish diabetic rat model (n=15).And stem cell treatment group (n=15) according to the different treatment methods.Rats in the control group were treated with insulin combined with probucol.Stem cell treatment group was implanted with stem cells.Before and after treatment,fasting blood glucose,24 h urinary protein excretion,creatinine clearance rate and kidney weight were measured.PAS staining.And the renal tissue was detected by Western blot.Results: The primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured for 24 hours,and the cells were irregularly distributed in the culture flask.After 7 days of culture,the cells were regular,elongated,elliptical,and strong refraction,and the cells were fused with each other.The morphology of BMSCs was uniform and showed a long fusiform shape,CD44,CD31 and CD34 were observed by RT-PCR.The levels of fasting blood glucose,24 h urine protein excretion and creatinine clearance rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).The results of PAS staining showed that the glomerular structure was clear,the morphology was regular,the arrangement rules of glomerular cells,the basement membrane and the encapsulation of the glomerular membrane were significantly higher than those of the control group Man′s capsule clear (P<0.05).In the control group,the glomerular volume increased,the mesangial area widened and the stroma increased significantly.The Bcl-2 protein level and the Bax and Caspase-3 protein levels were significantly decreased in the stem cell treatment group.The levels of Bcl-2 and Bax and Caspase-3 protein in the control group were significantly decreased (P<0.05).The ROS,MDA and SOD levels in oxidative stress group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05).The difference of ROS,MDA and SOD between the two groups was not statistically(P>0.05).Conclusion: It is suggested that BMSCs can be isolated from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by using adherent culture method and labeled with green fluorescent protein in vitro.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can protect the kidney and inhibit the oxidative stress of diabetic kidney.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)is one of the most serious lung diseases in premature infants and an important cause of death in preterm infants.The pathophysiological mechanism of BPD is still unclear.The preventive and targeted treatment strategies for this disease are also very limited.However, various biomarkers have been found in blood, alveolar lavage fluid, exhaled gas condensate, and urine.It is used to identify high-risk children with BPD early and to predict the severity and prognosis of the disease.

Objective To investigate the appropriate waist circumference (WC) cutoff points for central obesity in the middle-aged and elderly Beijing residents by the metabolic syndrome definition of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Methods A total of 2,344Beijing residents aged ≥40 years were investigated. They answered questionnaires, received physical examinations, and underwent plasma glucose and lipid profile measurement. Those non-diabetic subjects underwent a 75g oral glucose tolerance test. All data were analyzed to calculate the appropriate WC cutoff points for central obesity reaching the diagonsis of MS. Results 1) Both in males and females, the triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) increased linearly with WC, and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased linearly with WC (P＜0.05). 2)The prevalence of elevated TG,reduced HDL-C, elevated blood pressure, elevated FBG, or ≥ 2 of these factors increased with WC (P＜0.05). 3) Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Youden index, the WC values for central obesity and for detecting BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2were about 90 cm for men and 80 cm for women. 4) The odds ratio for the presence of two or more metabolic risk factors increased abruptly in men with WC ≥ 90 cm and in women with WC ≥ 80 cm. Conclusions The appropriate WC cutoff point for central obesity was determined to be 90 cm for men and 80 cm for women in the middle-aged and elderly Beijing residents by the metabolic syndrome definition of IDF.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of solanine-induced apoptosis of prostate cancer cells Du145 and LNCaP.Methods The effects of solanine on the viability of Du145 and LNCaP cells were evaluated by MTT assay.The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and solanine-induced apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry.The protein levels of p38 and p-p38 expressions were examined by Western blot.Results Solanine significantly inhibited the viability of Du145 and LNCaP cells in a dose-dependent manner (P＜0.01).The inhibition of solanine on cell viability was suppressed by the ROS scavenger NAC.ROS generation,apoptosis and phosphorylation of p38 were induced by treatment with solanine at 40 μmol/L for 24 h.The expression of p38 and solanine-induced apoptosis were suppressed by NAC and SB203580.Conclusion Solanine induces the apoptosis of human prostate cancer cell via the RO.S-p38 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the outcome and related risk factors of integrated intensive intervention in participants with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) after two years by the criteria of American Diabetes Association 2003. Methods The subjects who remained to be IGR at the end of first year following 75 g oral glucose tolerance test were randomly assigned to either a routine care control group or to an intensive integrated intervention group. The control group received general dietary and exercise advice at baseline and was followed up. In addition to dietary control and exercise advice, mefformin or acarbose were administrated in the intervention group. The latter group was also advised to take antihypertensive agents, lipid-regulating agents if necessary, as well as aspirin. Results The proportion of patients who fulfilled the assigned goals of blood glucose, blood pressure, body mass index or triglycerides was significantly higher in the intensive group than those in the control group. None in the intensive group developed overt diabetes mellitus, while 8 (9.3%) in the control group did. The proportion of patients who reverted to normal glucose tolerance (NGT) was slightly higher in the intensive group than in the control group (29.5% vs 22.1%, P>0.05). Logistic analysis showed that increase of waist circumference and systolic blood pressure was positively while the improvement of islet β-cell function was negatively correlated with the development of diabetes mellitus. Conclusions The intensive integrated intervention could significantly decrease the conversion rate of IGR to diabetes mellitus, and increase the chance of reversion to NGT. The increase of waist circumference or systolic blood pressure, the deterioration of islet β-ccll function were the influencing factors of the conversion of IGR to diabetes mellitus.

Objective:To investigate the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels in elderly patients with hip and vertebral compression fractures (VCF).Method:Ninety patients (58 males and 32 females) aged over 60 years with hip fracture and 120 patients (88 males and 32 females) aged over 60 years with VCF admitted in the Aviation General Hospital from January 2017 to June 2019 were enrolled. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured.Results:Serum level of 25 (OH) D in hip fracture patients was (9.0±6.8) μg/L, the 25 (OH) D level was lower than the normal value(<19.0 μg/L)in 79 patients and<3 μg/L in 24 patients. The level of 25(OH)D in VCF patients was (16.7±10.6) μg/L, the 25 (OH) D level was<19.0 μg/L in 78 patients (65.0%) and <3 μg/L in 10 patients (8.3%). The low level of 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with age in two groups ( r=-0.367, P=0.01; r=-0.313, P=0.04). The mean level of 25 (OH) D in the hip fracture group was lower than that in the VCF group ( t=5.960, P<0.01), and the low 25(OH)D rate in the former group was significantly higher than that in the latter group (χ 2=14.14, P<0.01; χ 2=12.74, P<0.01). The 25(OH)D value of female VCF patients was (14.5±8.8) μg/L, which was significantly lower than that of male patients (22.5±12.9) μg/L ( t=3.882, P<0.01).Among hip fracture patients, the 25(OH)D level in patients with fracture history was (8.3±6.9) μg/L, which was significantly lower than that of patients without fracture history (10.8±6.9) μg/L, and the difference was statistically significamt ( t=2.123, P=0.04). The serum osteocalcin level was (20.5±19.8) μg/L in patients with fracture history, which was significantly higher than that in patients without fracture history [(10.6±5.4) μg/L, t=3.245, P<0.01]. Conclusion:Elderly patients with new hip fractures have more severely low vitamin D level than patients with new VCF, and patients with previous fracture history have lower vitamin D levels than patients without fracture history.

Objective: To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics and prognosis of ovarian clear cell borderline tumor. Methods: A total of 12 cases of ovarian clear cell borderline tumors recorded were collected from May 2011 to December 2017 at Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University.Clinical histories were retrieved and pathological slides were reviewed. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 35 to 65 years with a mean age of 52 years. Seven cases were associated with cystic endometriosis of the ovary. All tumors consisted of irregular and crowded glands or cysts embedded in a fibromatous stroma. The cysts and glands were lined by mild to moderate atypical cells.CK7 and HNF-1β were expressed in all cases, and Naspin A was expressed in 11 cases. ARID1A expression was absent in 5 cases and p53 showed wild-type expression. None of the cases developed recurrence during follow-up ranging from 7 to 79 months. Conclusions Ovarian clear cell borderline tumor may be associated with endometriosis and tumor suppressor gene ARIDA. The tumor has a good prognosis without recurrence and progression to carcinoma.

Objective:To observe the changes of arterial blood gas indexes in pigs with the free-field primary blast lung injury (PBLI) model, and to explore the value of arterial blood gas indexes in predicting moderate to severe PBLI.Methods:Nine adult healthy Landrace pigs were selected to construct the pig free-field PBLI model. Arterial blood samples were taken 15 minutes before the explosion (before injury) and 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after the explosion (after injury). Arterial blood gas indexes and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO 2) were measured, compare the changes of blood gas analysis indexes and SpO 2 levels at different time points, and observe the changes of gross injury scores and pathological injury scores of lung tissue. Analyze the correlation between the blood gas indicators. Results:As time prolonged, at each time point, pH, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2), and SpO 2 were lower than those before the injury, and blood lactic acid (Lac) and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) were higher than those before the injury. Compared with that before the injury, the pH value in the blood decreased significantly 10 minutes after the injury (7.39±0.06 vs. 7.46±0.02, P < 0.05), and the Lac increased significantly (mmol/L: 3.61±2.89 vs. 1.10±0.28, P < 0.05), and lasts until 180 minutes after injury (pH value: 7.37±0.07 vs. 7.46±0.02, Lac (mmol/L): 2.40±0.79 vs. 1.10±0.28, both P < 0.05); while PaO 2 and SpO 2 decreased significantly at 180 minutes after injury [PaO 2 (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 59.40±10.94 vs. 74.81±9.39, P < 0.05; SpO 2: 0.75±0.11 vs. 0.89±0.08, P < 0.05], PaCO 2 increased significantly (mmHg: 56.17±5.38 vs. 48.42±4.93, P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the gross injury score of lung blast injury animals was positively correlated with the pathological injury score ( r = 0.866, P = 0.005); PaO 2 and SpO 2 were positively correlated ( r = 0.703, P = 0.000); pH value and Lac were negative Correlation ( r = -0.400, P = 0.006); pH value is negatively correlated with PaCO 2 ( r = -0.844, P = 0.000). Conclusion:This study successfully established a large mammalian free-field PBLI model, arterial blood gas analysis is helpful for the early diagnosis of PBLI, whether SpO 2 can be used to evaluate the severity of lung injury remains to be further verified.