A)at nt.41 of the only one repeat in 15 individuals with the A205 allele were detected.No special molecular background was found in the two samples which were phenotyped as A2,but genotyped as A102/B101.Conclusion CBF/NF-Y enhancer region of the A2 alleles occurs with minisatellite fragments length polymorphisms.Allele-specific variations in CBF/NF-Y enhancer region of A2 blood group gene were elucidated in Chinese population.

38.5 ℃) and urine leakage were similar between the two groups [8.7% (4/46) vs 3.7% (1/27),?2=0.112,P=0.737; and 0 (0/46) vs 3.7% (1/27),?2=0.074,P=0.786]. Conclusions Both MPCNL and RLUL are effective and safe for impacted upper ureteral calculi. RLUL,which results in less blood loss but longer operation time,is feasible in advanced hospitals.

Objective To analyze the relationship between clinical pathology character and expression of E-cadherin，CerbB-2，p53，Ki-67 in breast cancer in order to evaluate its clinical significance.Methods To observe 93 cases of breast cancer.Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of E-cadherin，CerbB-2，p53，Ki-67.Results We found that the expressions of E-cadherin，CerbB-2，p53，Ki-67 in breast cancer samples were associated to histopathology grade and lymph node metastasis (p<0.05), but the expressions of CerbB-2，p53，Ki-67 were not associated to tumor size and histological type (p>0.05).Compared to other types, it showed low expression of E-cadherin in lobular carcinoma(p<0.05).Conclusion E-cadherin，CerbB-2，p53，Ki-67 can be regarded as molecular indexes of breast cancer, and they can be used to give diagnosis, choose treatment and forecast prognosis in clinical work.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasound to diagnose senile cataract and complication.Method Color Doppler ultrasound were used to check and analyze 185 eyes senile cataract of 120 patients and were compared with slit-lamp.Results In initial phase of senile cataract,the accuracy of ultrasonography was lower than slit-lamp.The false negative ratio of ultrasound was 15.22%(7/46).In middle and last phase of senile cataract,the relevant ratio of ultrasonography Was 100.00%(139/139).Conclusions The diagnosis sensitivity of color Doppler ultrasound in senile cataract is similar with slit-lamp.Ultrasound is the first choice to diagnose senile cataract in middle and last phase,especially when it is not seen by funduscope.Color Doppler ultrasound is an important way to diagnose senile cataract and complication.

Objective To report a familial steroid responsive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome,describe the clinic and pathologic features of the family and screen the potential mutations of NPHS2 in the kindred. Methods Clinopathological data of the family members were collected(including patients) . The reports on familial steroid responsive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome were reviewed. The characteristics were compared between them. NPHS2 mutation was screened through DHPLC for the patients. Resutts There were two brothers with steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome in this family,and the renal pathology was minimal change disease. One of them had massive proteinuria and hypertension,whose renal biopsy showed mild mesangial proliferative nephritis. In this family,any mutation in NPHS2 gene was not found as it was reported in other populations. Conclusions The present study is the first report of familial steroid responsive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in Chinese population. No relationship between the disease and NPHS2 gene mutation in this family is found.

The preparation and the quality control of cross-linked agarose coated activated (CAAC-II) were described. The crosslinking r eagent epichlorohydrin was removed. Investigations indicate that the trace elements such as Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Fe and heavy metals, the pH, NH4+, SO42- , and ultraviolet a bsorbance in sample have met the requirements in Chinese Pharmacopeia and some other relevant standard promulgated by the Ministry of Health. No epichloro hydrin was detected in CAAC-II.

Objective To evaluate the expressions of estrogen receptor (ER) α and β in human prostate cancer and adjacent non-cancerous tissues,and to evaluate the correlation between the expression and the clinicopathological features and prognosis.Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect ERα and ERβ in 85 prostate adenocarcinoma tissues,adjacent non-cancerous tissues,and 29 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues.The correlation between the expression and the clinicopathological features was analyzed by Spearman's coefficient.Cox's proportional hazards regression model was used to identify the risk factors for biological recurrence.Results There were significant differences between the expression of ERα in prostate cancer,adjacent non-cancerous tissues,and BPH [epithelial cell 0 (0/85),11.8％ (10/85) and 24.1％ (7/29),P=0.000; and in stromal cell 52.9％ (45/85),67.1％ (57/85),31.0％ (9/29),P =0.003].There were significant differences between the expression of ERβ in these groups [epithelial cell 36.5％ (31/85),61.2％ (52/85),100.0％ (29/29),P =0.000; and in stromal cell 49.4％ (42/85),72.9％ (62/85),79.3％ (23/29),P =0.001].The ERα expression in cancerous stromal cells was positively correlated with the PSA level (r =0.296,P =0.006) and Gleason score (r =0.404,P =0.000).The ERβ expression was negatively correlated with Gleason score in cancerous epithelial cells (r =-0.254,P =0.019) and stromal cells (r =-0.315,P =0.003).Multivariate analysis revealed that negative expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for the biological recurrence free survival after radical prostatectomy (HR =0.107,95.0％ CI 0.019-0.592,P =0.010).Conclusions There were significant differences between the expression of ERα and ERβ in prostate cancer,adjacent non-cancerous tissues,and BPH.ERα in cancerous stromal cells,ERβ in cancerous epithelial and stromal cells were related to the differentiation of prostate adenocarcinoma.ERβ in cancerous epithelial cells can be used as an independent prognostic factor for biological recurrence after radical surgery.

Objective To investigate the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) α and β in human prostate cancer (PC), peri-cancer tissue and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissue, and to discuss the role of estrogen receptor in prostate cancer. Methods The expression of ERα and ERβ in PC (n=28), peri-cancer tissue (n=28) and BPH (n=29) were detected by immunohistochemistry with En vision method. The ERα and ERβ expression were compared among different tissues by chisquare. The relationship between ER expression and related clinicopathologic features was statistically analyzed by spearman rank collection. Results ERα was localized dominantly in the stromal cell of PC. There were significant differences of the expression of ERα in PC, peri-cancer tissue and BPH tissue (epithelial cell 0%, 14%, 24%, P＜0. 05; stromal cell 57%, 68%, 31%,P＜0. 05). ERβ was localized in both epithelial and stromal cell of PC. There were significant differences of the expression of ERβ in PC, peri-cancer tissue and BPH tissue (epithelial cell 39%, 64%, 29%, P＜0.01; stromal cell 50%, 75%, 79%, P＜0.05). There was a significant difference of the expression of ERβ in different Gleason scores of PC tissue. Conclusions ERα is localized in the stromal cell of PC tissue.ERβ is localized in both epithelial and stromal cell of PC tissue. The ERβ might be related to the tumor differentiation of PC.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of flexible cystoscope conducted holmium laser lithotripsy via percutaneous nephrostomy in the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi.Methods The flexible cystoscope conducted holmium laser lithotripsy via percutaneous nephrostomy was performed on 26 patients from Jul 2005 to Jan 2007. Among these patients, 8 had bilateral renal calculi and ureteral calculi, 5 had multiple renal calculi, 4 had renal calyx calculi and 9 had ureteral calculi. The average diameter of the calculus was 2.2 cm (range from 1.0-3.2 cm). Four patients had mild hydronephrosis, others had moderate or severe hydronephrosis. Insufficient renal function was noted in 13 cases. The procedure was performed via a single tract through the middle calyx under the ultrasonic guidance in all cases.Results Twenty-two cases achieved stone free at primary procedure, secondary procedure was needed in 4 cases. A 18 F tract was used in 18 cases and 24 F tract was used in the left 8 cases. The average operation time was 72 min, stone-free rate was 96.2%(25/26),and there was no blood transfusion. One patient had fever after the procedure and recovered 2 days after the administration of antibiotics. No other complication was recorded. In an average 11 month follow-up in 22 patients, hydronephrosis reduction was significant observed by ultrasound scan. No calculus relapse was found.Conclusions Flexible cystoscope conducted holmium laser lithotripsy via percutaneous nephrostomy is an effective and minimally invasive technique for the treatment of upper urinary tract calculus. It has the advantages in dealing with the calyx and ureteral calculus located in the proximal or middle segment as well.