Both pretreatment of lignocellulose and its saccharification process are treated with ultrasonic wave.The morphology,structure and crystal performance of the original and treated lignocellulose sample were characterized by SEM and FTIR.Moreover,the changes of raw materials caused by different pretreatment ways and the affect of saccharification rate brought about by ultrasonic wave were also studied.The result shows that the ultrasonic wave decreases the crystallinity of lignocellulose destroying the intermolecular hydrogen bonding effectively and improves the degradation rate of lignin and the saccharification rate of zymohydrolysis availably.The mechanism of activation of ultrasonic wave in zymohydrolysis process was discussed primarily.

Aim The metabolic character of neferine(Nef) in rat liver microsomes was studied in vitro to identify which isoforms of cytochrome P450 were responsible for Nef metabolism in rats.Methods ① Wistar rats were untreated or treated with various inducers including dexamethasone(DEX,50 mg?kg~(-1),ig?4 d),phenobarbital(PB,75 mg?kg~(-1),ip?3 d) and ?-naphthoflavone(?-NF,80 mg?kg~(-1),ip?3 d).Liver microsomes were obtained from these rats and incubated with Nef in the presence of reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.A HPLC-UV method was developed to determine Nef and its metabolites.② The enzyme kinetics of the metabolism of Nef was investigated in rat liver microsomes.③ Troleandomycin,a CYP3A selective inhibitor,was used to study its inhibitory effect on the metabolism of Nef in vitro.Results ① The metabolism of Nef in rat liver microsomes showed the characteristic of enzymekinetics.② The correlation between peak area of a metabolite and original concentration of Nef in rat liver microsomes solution was significant(r=0.993).③ The disappearing rate of Nef in the incubation solutions of the rats liver microsomes,which treated with DEX or PB,were markedly quicker than that of control group(P0.05).The average disappearing rates of Nef in rat liver microsomes after incubation with different inducers were as follows: DEX,80.6%?9.5%;PB,61.5%?6.7%;?-NF,20.7%?1.5%;Control,19.9%?1.6%.④ Troleandomycin could significantly inhibit the metabolism of Nef in rat liver microsomes.Conclusion Our results suggest that both CYP3A and CYP2B are involved in Nef metabolism in rats liver microsomes,and CYP3A probably play a major role.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation of Compound tripterygium hypoglaucum gel. METHODS:Using the comprehensive score(total score was 15.0)composed by forming property,glossiness,uniformity,viscosity,pH,spreadable prop-erty and stability as indexes,using the usage amount of carbomer 940,propylene glycol,triethanolamine and extracts in formula as study factors,orthogonal test was designed to optimized the formulation of Compound tripterygium hypoglaucum gel,and the verification test was conducted. RESULTS:The optimal matrix formulation was as follow as carbomer 9401.0 g,azone 2.0 g,so-dium bisulfite 0.4 g,extracts 50 mL,propylene glycol 10 g,triethanolamine 1.0 g,adding water to 100 g. The average comprehen-sive score of the gel in verification test was 14.8 (RSD=1.35%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:The optimized formulation of Com-pound tripterygium hypoglaucum gel shows good forming property,the quality meets the requirements.

Objective To assess the usefulness video-assisted mediastinoscopy (VM) for diagnosis of disease characteristic with mediastinal mass. Analyze the correlations of clinical features of the disease with the pathologic diagnosis. Methods Between July 2000 and March 2006, 97 undiagnosed patients with mediastinal mass in chest radiography underwent biopsy of mediastinal lesions by either cervical mediastinoscopy (n=69) or parasternal mediastionoscopy (n=28). We also analyzed the correlation of symptoms, location and extent of the lesion with the pathologic diagnosis. Results All 97 patients recovered smoothly without postoperative complications. Histologic diagnosis was obtained in 96 patients. Patients with hoarse, dysphagia and superior vena cava obstruction syndrome indicate malignant lesions (26/26). The most common diseases in the super-anterior mediastinum are lymphoma(7/19), thymoma(4/19) and small cell lung cancer(SCLC) (4/19);The most common disease in the middle mediastinum are metastasis of non small cell lung cancer(11/37), sarcoidosis (9/37)and SCLC(7/37); The most possible disease involved both mediastinum and lung hilar lymph-node are scalerdosis(32/41) and SCLC(5/41). Conclusion Mediastinoscopy is effective and safe methods to establish a histologic diagnosis in patients with mediastinal mass. It is possible to make primary evaluation on some of these patients according to the typical symptoms and location, extent of the mass involvement.

AIM: To study the linear relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and doses about potassium clavulanic acid (CAV) and amoxicillin (AMX). METHODS: 15 healthy male volunteers were randomly divided into 5 dose groups. The plasma concentration of CAV and AMX was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained with 3p97 soft were regressed to corresponding dose. RESULTS: The regression equations of AUC and c max to dose about CAV were Y= 2.0895 X+ 0.4438 (r= 0.9915 ) and Y= 0.9397 X+ 0.1796 (r= 0.9922 ), respectively. The regression equations of AUC and c max to dose about AMX were Y= 4.8795 X+ 2.4794 (r= 0.9988 ) and Y= 1.7276 X+ 1.4832 (r= 0.9935 ), respectively. CONCLUSION: There is good linear relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and doses about CAV and AMX.

Objective To evaluate preliminary effect of In-Space percataneous interspinous spacer in the treatment of lumbar instability.Methods Data of 18 patients who had undergone interspinous spacer implant for lumbar instability from May 2009 to June 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 10 males and 8 female,aged from 39 to 58 years.All patients suffered from varying degrees of lower back pain induced by lumbar hyperextension,as well as radiating and segmental pain of unilateral lower limb.The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used to evaluate clinical outcomes.The pre-and postoperative interspinous distance,trailing edge height of intervertebral space,foraminal width,foraminal height,segmental lordotic angle and lumbar range of motion were tested and compared.Results All patients were followed up for 18 to 36 months.The VAS score improved from preoperative 7.9±2.1 to 3.1±1.3 at 6 months postoperatively and 1.5±0.8 at final follow-up.The ODI improved from preoperative 82.1％±13.1％ to 54.7％±14.8％ at 6 months postoperatively and 10.1％±2.5％ at final follow-up.The postoperative interspinous distance,trailing edge height of intervertebral space,foraminal height,foraminal width,segmental lordotic angle and lumbar range of motion were 9.29±1.43 mm,11.28±0.85 mm,21.27±1.01 mm,10.83±0.73 mm,7.62°±0.74° and 6.34°±0.81°,respectively.Wound healed smoothly in all patients,and there were no complications such as spinous process fracture,spinal cord injury,cerebrospinal fluid leakage,device displacement and device dislocation.Conclusion It is easy and safe to use In-Space percataneousinterspinous spacer in the treatment of lumbar instability,and the preliminary effect is satisfactory.

BACKGROUND:Because of osteoporosis, short-segment transpedicular fixation or screw-rod system fixation is prone to screw loosening depending on its poor anti-pul-out strength in patients with thoracolumbar fracture with ankylosing spondylitis.
OBJECTIVE:To probe the clinic outcomes of multi-segment transpedicle spinal fixation for thoracolumbar fractures with ankylosing spondylitis.
METHODS:Eleven patients with ankylosing spondylitis combined with thoracolumbar fracture in the Fourth Department of Orthopedics, Meizhou Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China from January 2009 to December 2012 were selected. Al the patients underwent posterior reduction and multi-segment transpedicle spinal fixation, among whom, six cases were subjected to internal fixation through the pedicle of fractured vertebra.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al of the 11 patients were fol owed up for 13 to 36 months. Solid bone healing was achieved in al of the patients, and there were no complications related to the internal fixation systems such as loosening or breakage. Three cases of spinal cord injury achieved Frankel’s class E from class C recovery. Lumbodorsal pain rate achieved 100%according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring. Results confirmed that it is effective to treat thoracolumbar fractures with ankylosing spondylitis by posterior reduction and multi-segment transpedicle spinal fixation. Strong internal fixation and fracture union can be achieved by operation.

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of 1% benadryl and 3 % metronidazle cream in the treatment of topical corticosteroid dependent dermatitis. Methods The study was conducted in a single-blind way. The 86 patients were divided into 3 groups: 1% benadryl and 3 %metronidazle cream (group A), loratadine (group B) and gluco-corticoids (group C). All preparations were applied twice daily for 8 weeks. Study visits took place at baseline and weeks 2, 4 and 8. Results The clinical response rate in the groups A, B and C was 86.20%, 73.33%, and 66.67%, respectively; the clinical response rate in group A was significantly higher than that in groups B and C (P<0.05). Conclusions 1% benadryl and 3 % metronidazle cream are effective and safe in the treatment of topical torticosteroid dependent dermatitis.

Objective　To evaluate the effect of occupation al protection measures on reducing blood exposure. Methods　A s urvey was carried out to investigate medical staff in Shanghai hospitals. Sing le-factor and multi-fa ctor analysis measures were used. Results　The more protection m eas ures adopted, such as gloves using, occupational training and strict rules and r egulations, the less occupational exposure. The resul ts also showed that there were statistical difference. Conclusions　It is important for medical staff to strength occupational protection in order to avoid acqu iring hospital infection.

Objective To explore the clinical new ways to repair the soft tissue defect of upper lip.Methods The soft tissue defect of upper lip caused by various reason were repaired with the buccal region of nasolabial groove flap.The size of flap was designed based on the range of soft tissue defect and located in the buccal region along nasolabial groove.The maximum scale of flaps between the length and width were 2∶1 and slit to the SMAS layer.The soft tissue defect of upper lip was repaired by direct vicinity aversion of the flap.The wound after the flap diversion was direct sut in favour of propulsion of the flap and relief the tension of flap pedicle.Results The flaps completely survived in 15 cases without obviously scar accrementition.The cosmetic result were satisfactory.Conclusion The buccal region of nasolabial groove flap is characterized by simple designation,easy dissection,reliable blood supply with the vascular net of fascia without well-known blood vessel damaged and repaired by direct vicinity aversion.Therefore,it is an ideal new method to repair the soft tissue defect of upper lip.