Aim To investigate the effects of PB-19 on action potential (AP) of ventricular cells in vitro and ischemia and reperfusion induced arrhythmias in vivo in rats. Methods ① We established the model of isolated rat right ventricular wall and perfused the models with normal Tyrode’s solution and PB-19.Microelectrode was inserted into the cells to record the AP. ② We ligated the left anterior descending coronary artery of rats to study the effects of PB-19 on ischemia and reperfusion induced arrhythmias. 50 rats were divided into 5 groups randomly and were given iv. injection with normal saline and PB-19 of different concentrations respectively. We recorded Ⅱ ECG of the rats. Results ①In vitro models, the APD_ 50、APD_ 90 of PB-19 group were significantly longer than that of control group respectively (P

Aim To investigate the effects of bradykinin preconditioning on the damage produced by focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods Rats were scheduled to undergo middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion by intraluminal suture.Prior to ischemia,bradykinin was pumped into the brain via extra carotid artery and control group was given the same amount of normal saline.The infarct volume、brain water content、permeability of blood brain barrier and histological neuronal changes were evaluated after 2 h ischemia and 24 h reperfusion.Results Compared with other groups, bradykinin preconditioning 15min before ischemia reduced infarct volume、brain edema、permeability of blood brain barrier and histological neuronal damage.Conclusion Bradykinin preconditioning may provide protective effects against cerebral ischemic injury.This protection may be due to the protection of cerebral vasculature and the decrease of infarct volume.

Objective: To explore the relationship between ambulatory arterial stiffness indexes (AASI), AASI-blood pressure variability (AASI-BPVR) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) left atrium diameter (LAD) in patients with hypertension.
Methods: A total of 286 hypertensive patients were enrolled in this study. The AASI, AASI-BPVR were calculated from 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Left ventricular internal dimension in diastole (LVIDd), interventricular septal thickness in diastole (IVSd), posterior wall thickness in diastole (PWd), LAD were detected by echocardiography and LVMI, relative wall thickness (RWT) were calculated. The fasting blood glucose, blood lipids were examined. According to 24 h AASI, the patients were divided into 2 groups, Group A, the patients with AASI > 0.51, n=133 and Group B, the patients with AASI ≤ 0.51,n=153. Pearson and multi regression analysis were conducted to analyze the relevant correlations.
Results: Group A had increased LVMI than that in Group B,P<0.05, the left ventricular masses were similar between 2 groups,P=0.384. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that LVMI and LAD were not related to arterial stiffness index, the coefifcient between 24 h-AASI and LAD was atr=0.111,P=0.057.
Conclusion: AASI and AASI-BPVR were not the independent factors for left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial enlargement, therefore, they were not the predictors for cardiac damage in patients with hypertension at present time.

Objective To explore the secondary inventory appropriate to improve the stomatological hospital in cost control for medical consumables,standardizing patient charging,dynamic materials management,zero inventory and enhancing hospital economic benefit.Methods An enterprise resource planning (ERP) secondary inventory information system was developed to solve the problems in medical materials management of the stomatological hospital,and then went through practical trials in three departments to determine its efficacy and deficiencies.Results The information system facilitated cost control,standardized patient charging,and the trials in three departments showed the rate for material consumption was decreased greatly.The deficiencies still existed in the traceability,mobile App,manual input and etc.Conclusion The ERP secondary inventory information system reduces the running cost of the department,increases the hospital abilities in cost control and management,and thus is worthy promoting practically.

Objective To review the quantitative relationship of polymorphism at the sites +49 of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 gene with the susceptibility of Graves' disease(GD) in Asian population.Methods The Medline,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database on disc (CBM disc) databases were searched and used in meta-analysis to analyze the data in the articles collected.Results This analysis included a total of 24 papers,and GD patients and healthy population control group were composed of 4 832 cases and 5 643 subjects respectively.This paper revealed that in the general population,the Chinese people and the Japanese crowd,all the genetic models (allele,co-dominant model,dominant model,recessive model) were statistically significant,indicating that CTLA-4 +49 A allele could reduce the risk of GD.Conclusions The CTLA-4 +49 G→A mutation allele may serve as a factor in reducing the risk of GD susceptibility in Asian population.

Objective Patient safety is key to quality of care in hospital management, for which drug safety is critical. General hospitals are challenged with how to monitor drug adverse reaction (ADR), and motivate their staff to report ADRs in building a hospital safety culture. Methods The PDCA cycle quality improvement process was called into play, to set the ADR criteria and analyze data of inpatients' ADRs from 2005 to 2009, which was followed by measures proposed for ADR continuous improvement. Results A total of 2850 ADR cases were reported in the past 5 years, averaging 570 cases per year. The ADR incidence rate was 3. 28%, of which 43 were severe ADR cases, or 0. 49% of the total cases, accounting for 1. 51% of all the ADR cases. Year to year, the quantity and quality of ADR reporting have been improving in the hospital, witnessing an initial culture of drug safety. In 2008, the hospital was awarded as an advanced ADR center in Beijing. Conclusion The PDCA cycle is an effective means for ADR management, as it can improve the awareness of the medical staff for proactive ADR reporting. Sustained circular management against ADRs can minimize risks and maximize patient safety.Under-reporting and the corrective measures shall be watched over by the hospital in the future.

Objective To verify the application of anterior segment perfusion culture and trabecular meshwork (TM) organ culture for glaucoma study. Methods TM tissue was cultured by perfused anterior segment and TM organ culture, light microscopy was used to observe the TM cells and intercellular spaces.Results IOP of the porcine anterior segments perfused under constant flow at 0.1 mL/h could bekept in normal range(10～12 mmHg). The IOP was elevated with the increasing of perfusion rate, while the morphology and structure of the tissue were well preserved. TM cultured by TM organ culture could also reserve the tissues well, but the intercelluar spaces collapsed. Conclusion Anterior segment perfusion model could be a short-term high-pressure model and may simulate the normal physical state. Adequate perfusion was necessary for normal TM.

Optimization on sustained release preparation formulation is a multi-factor, multi-level complex optimiza-tion problem. Artificial neural network is very suitable for dealing with such complex multivariable nonlinear system. Based on analyzing the characteristics of sustained release preparation and the main influential factors of its quality, this paper focused on building a quality forecast model for sustained release preparation formulation by using BP neural network. The results showed that the BP neural network can effectively forecast the quality of sustained re-lease preparation formulation. It is a powerful optimization tool of sustained release preparation formulation.

Objective In this study,we aim to investigate and evaluate the application of peer education on the teaching of medical graduate students and to evaluate the teaching effect,in order to provide the basis for subsequent practice reform.Methods 49 graduate students majoring Internal Medicine-Pulmonology were randomly divided into traditional teaching(24) and peer education groups (25).We chose the primary culture technology of rat distal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells to be the teaching contents.For the traditional teaching group,we used the mode of class lecture giving and experimental skills learning under the assistance of the teachers; while in the peer education group,students benefited from the combination of class lecture given by the teacher and the seniors fixed teaching in which seniors help younger students.We selected the experimental operating time,cell purity and the practicing time to reach a standard culture as the evaluation indexes by filling a follow up questionnaire.The SPSS 13.0 was applied to the related data forx2 or t test.Results In the traditional teaching group,the average time to reach three times of standard culture was(3.2 ± 0.5) hour,which was(2.3 ± 0.4) hour in the peer education group.The cell purity was 80.1 ± 3.6％ in the traditional teaching group,while(85.4 ± 5.9)％ in the peer education group.The average practicing time was(6.3 ± 1.0) in the traditional teaching group,while(4.9 ± 0.6) in the peer education group.The peer education group master the teaching content better than the traditional teaching group (P=0.00).95.8％(23/24)of the students in the peer-education group considered the teaching contents simple,which was statistically higher(P=0.00) than traditional group (62.5％,15/24).Meanwhile,95.8％ (23/24)of the students in the peer-education group considered the teaching methods easy to accept,which was also statistically higher(P=0.02) than traditional group(70.8％,17/24).The difference was statistically significant (P=0.02).Conclusion The application effect of peer education is good and there is high degree of acceptance among the students.Besides,peer education accords with the medical postgraduate experiment teaching rules,and can cultivate medical graduate students' spirit of cooperation and communication ability in the process of implementation.

Objective To observe the incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RP) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or esophageal carcinoma treated by three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), and investigate the predictive value of low dose volume of the lung on RP.Methods From Mar 2005 to Aug 2008, 161 patients with locally advanced NSCLC or esophageal carcinoma received 3DCRT. Fifty-three patients with NSCLC received radiotherapy of 60 Gy/30 -34 fx and concurrent chemotherapy of navelbine plus cisplatin (NP). Among the 108 patients with esophageal carcinoma with prescription doses ranging from 58 Gy/29 fx to 70 Gy/35 fx, 46 and 62 received 3DCRT alone or 3DCRT with concurrent chemotherapy of calcium folinate, 5-Fu and cisplatin (LFP), respectively. Univariate and multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were performed to assess the correlated factors of RP. Results The follow-up rate was 100%. The rate of RP was 57. 8% (93/161) for all patients, 94% (50/53,including 1 with Grade 4 and 1 with Grade 5) for patients with NSCLC, and 39.8% (43/108, none with Grade 4 and 5) for patients with esophageal carcinoma. The correlative factors included the sex, volume of gross tumor volume (GTV), mean lung dose (MLD), V5, V10, V15, V20, V25 and V30 of normal lung according to Spearman correlative analysis. Univariate analysis showed that all the 9 factors could predict RP. Only V5 and the volume of GTV were found independently associated with Grade 2 or more RP in multivariate analysis. ROC analysis indicated that the cut-off point of the curve was 55% with the area under ROC curve of 0. 684 (P = 0. 000). For the patients with lung V5 ≥ 55% and < 55% ,43% (36/84) and 18% (14/77) developed RP of Grade 2 or more, respectively. Conclusions Dosimetric parameters including MLD, normal tissue complication probability, and V5-V30 could predict RP. V5 may be the most valuable predictor. When V5 exceeds 55%, the probability of RP of grade 2 or more may increase notably. Besides the limitation of MLD, V20 and V30, the volume of low dose region should be also limited to a lower range during treatment planning.