In this article,the professor WANG Li-zhong’s experiences was described,which use the Lipi method to treat the cold,cough,dazzling dizziness,insomnia,stomach pain.Professor WANG Li-zhong Consider that the normal spleen and stomach’s ying and wei are harmonious,and there is no phlegm producted.When the functions of five zang viscera are coordinate,the vital qi is sufficiently and the pathogenic qi can’t injury to the body.Lipi method incarnates the professor WANG Li-zhong’s views to the dieases,its unique to treatment in clinic,and the academic thoughts of treating preventable diseases in Chinese medcine.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the implementing status of the Guiding Principles of Clinical Application of Antibacterials.METHODS:A total of 60 case histories of patients who had undergone thyroidectomy and discharged from hospital were selected in July 2005 from six third level hospitals(10 from each hospital) in Changsha and Guangzhou for a questionnaire survey and a statistical analysis based on Guiding Principles of Clinical Application of Antibacterials.RESULTS:The average hospital stay was(10.18?3.71) days;the average cost of hospitalization was(7 538.50?631.99) yuan and the average cost on antibacteirals was(705.21?91.10) yuan.The average compliance rates in the choice of drug kinds and medication opportunity were 35% and 80% respectively.The average medication duration was 6.38 days.CONCLUSION:The implementation of the Guiding Principles of Clinical Application of Antibacterials was far from ideal,thus the related department should offer training and tighten control on the use of antibacterials.

0 05) CONCLUSION:The health problems and rational use of drugs in the aged should be given more concerns,especially in the patients between the ages of 60 and 69 years The reason why the consultation rate of man is higher than that of women should be found out The use of injection preparations and the kinds of drug for combined use ought to be decreased

OBJECTIVE:To guide the rational use of anti-epileptic drugs(AEDs)in clinical practice.METHODS:In a retrospective review,there were733patients in Xuanwu hospital who suffered from poor curative effect or intoxication of AEDs from March2000to March2001.The results of blood concentration of anti-epileptic drugs(AEDs Css)were ana?lyzed.RESULTS:The Css of37.6%of the patients were within the normal Css range,and6.4%were higher and55.9%were lower than the normal.In combined use of AEDs and other drugs,79.1%of the patients had higher or lower Css than nor?mal.In addition,chemosynthetic components were detected in90%of the patients who took Chinese medicine.Among them,86%of the patients had abnormal Css.CONCLUSION:Css monitoring should be done when AEDs were administrated.It is advisable to use only one or two kinds of AEDs,and to pay attention of the chemosynthetic components in Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE:To explore an effective mode and way to quickly train on-the-job pharmacist to become clinical pharmacist in China.METHODS:With the reference to the process and current situation of clinical pharmacist training both domestically and abroad,the background,systems and policies about clinical pharmacist training were compared and the per?sonal working experience of the author was considered,then an efficient mode for domestic on-the-job pharmacist training was put forward.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:On-the-job pharmacist training in China should be carried out in steps,which includes theoretical study and clinical practice,establishment of evaluation system,and writing of scientific papers,only by doing this can we really train the clinical pharmacists in clinical practice,ensure the safe,rational,effective and economic medication and reduce the waste of health resources.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the components and style of the intervention performed by clinical pharmacists to facilitate communication between pharmacists and physicians. METHODS: The data about clinical pharmacists' medication intervention and the follow-up results on ICU physicians in general surgery department during Nov. in 2007 were collected for statistical analysis with regard to the components and style of the intervention. RESULTS: The components of clinical pharmacists' medication intervention included dosage and administration (36.1%),whether the drug use was in line with indications (27.8%),assessment on adverse drug reactions (22.2%). The style of intervention included timely intervention and delayed intervention,and 50%～66.7% of the timely intervention and 90.1%～100% of the delayed intervention were accepted by physicians. CONCLUSION: The intervention of clinical pharmacists should be based on sound evidence and reasons,meanwhile,an appropriate style should be adopted in communicating with physicians so as to improve its accepting rate by physicians.

OBJECTIVE: To explore some effective training methods on the basic technical skills for community pharmacists. METHODS: The training content and method of technical skills for community pharmacists were arranged based on the basic condition of community pharmacists. The outcome of the training and examination of technical skills were obtained through skill examination of questionnaire survey. RESULTS: The majority of community pharmacists had a good mastering of the basic skills such as the standardized drug dispensing,drug consultation,collecting and reporting of adverse drug reactions. 95% of the pharmacists considered that this kind training was helpful for their practical work. CONCLUSION: The key to improve community pharmaceutical professional staff’s knowledge and service level is to establish regular training and examination on basic technical skills.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the methods for clinical pharmacists to carry out education in asthmatic patients.METHODS: The necessities for clinical pharmacist to provide education for asthmatic patient were analyzed and the specific modes were designed.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: As a member in the clinical staff,clinical pharmacist should attend the team actively to carry out effective pharmaceutical education in patients so as to raise patients' compliance,improve therapeutic effect and reduce incidence of adverse drug reactions.

BACKGROUND: Moxonidine is the second-generation high-selective central antihypertensive drug, while clonidine is the first-generation antihypertensive drug that is used in clinic with many side effects.OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics between moxonidine and clonidine in renal-hypertensive rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Nantong University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in Medical College, Nantong University between September and December 2004. Totally 110 SD rats aged 60 days with the body mass of (180±30) g were used in the study.METHODS: Left renal artery stenosis in SD rats was established by inserting silver clip with the inner diameter of 0.2 mm or 0.25 mm, while the right renal artery was not received, so as to establish two-kidney one-clip(2K-1C) renal hypertensive models. ①Changes of blood pressure and heart rate in awake rats with renal hypertension were determined with arteria caudilis indirect manometric method, oral administration once or consecutively. The experiment of depressurization with once oral administration:The rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups with 10 rats in each group:1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg moxonidine hydrochloride groups, 1 mg/kg clonidine hydrochloride group were considered as positive control group,while saline group as negative control group. On the basis of the effect of moxonidine hydrochloride on blood pressure, blood pressure was measured at 1, 4, 24, 48, 72 hours after moxonidine administration, and compared with that before administration or the effect of saline. The experiment of depressurization with consecutively oral administration once a day. The grouping was the same to above-mentioned. Successive administration was for 7 days, once a day. The blood pressure and heart rate were determined at 1 hour before and after administration, and observed for 3 days after drug withdrawal. Recommended dose of moxonidine hydrochloride for human was about 0.4 mg/kg, while the oral dose for rats were around 0.04 mg/kg based on the animals' surface area. ②Changes of blood pressure and heart rate in anaesthesia rats with renal hypertension with a catheter on the carotid artery directly: 0.2 mg/kg drug liquor was given with gastric perfusion. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 ones in each group: 0.13,0.4, 1.3 mg/kg moxonidine hydrochloride groups, 0.13 mg/kg clonidine hydrochloride group and saline control group. Mean arterial pressure was determined before and after administration at different time.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes of blood pressure and heart rate in conscious and anesthetized renal-hypertensive rats before and after being administrated orally once or consecutively.RESULTS: All the rats were involved in the result analysis, without drop out during the trial. ①Moxonidine showed a dose-dependent effect on depressurization and descent of heart rate after once large dose oral administration in conscious renal-hypertensive rats. The 10-fold higher doses of moxonidine caused the same effects of clonidine. The decreasing of heart rate was little and short after consecutively small dose of oral administration of moxonidine, and which was similar to clonidine in percentage of depressurization. ②In anesthetized renal-hypertensive rats, moxonidine showed a dose-dependent effect on depressurization after once oral administration. There was no significant difference between moxonidine and clonidine in percentage of depressurization after 3 to 10-fold higher dose administration (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The once higher dose oral administration of moxonidine has dose-dependent effect on depressurization for renal-hypertensive awake rats. Anesthesia. The effect of 10-fold dosage of moxonidine is equal to that of clonidine. The effect of 3-10-fold dosage of moxonidine is equal to that of clonidine in anesthesia renal-hypertensive rats. The small dose oral administration continuously of both moxonidine and clonidine with the same volume has the same depressurization effect in renal-hypertensive rats.

Objective To observe the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), its tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and contents of nitric oxide (NO) in the ocular tissues of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with endotoxin induced uveitis(EIU). Methods Ninety SD rats were randomly divided into experimental (81 rats) and control group (9 rats). The model of EIU was induced in rats in experimental group by injecting with lipoplysaccharide (LPS) 200 ?l into the hind feet pads, while the rats in the control group were not injected. Nine rats were executed 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours and 7 days, respectively, after injecting with LPS; the NO content and concentration of protein in the aqueous humor in blood plasma, aqueous humor, and uveal tissues were detected. The expressions of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and iNOS in the ocular tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the average absorbance (A) value was evaluated by computer medical image analysis system. Results iNOS, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expressed in the epithelial cells of iris and ciliary body and exudated inflammatory cells of rats. The concentration of protein in the aqueous humor, the contents of NO in blood plasma, aqueous humor, and uveal tissues, and A value of MMP-9 had obvious relativity with the inflammatory extent, while no positive correlation was found between the inflammatory extent and the A value of iNOS and TIMP-1. Expression of iNOS was found 6 hours after injection, reached the peak after 12 hours, and then dropped gradually. The expression of TIMP-1 could be seen 24 hours after injection, and reached its peak after 72 hours. Conclusion The content of NO and expressions of iNOS, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 changes from the beginning and during the development of EIU, which suggests that NO, iNOS, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 are involved in the pathologic process of EIU.