Ear Diseases ; surgery ; Ear, External ; surgery ; Humans ; Keloid ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Wound Healing

Ear Auricle ; surgery ; Humans ; Keloid ; Otologic Surgical Procedures

OBJECTIVE:To improve the teaching quality of pharmaceutical standard training. METHODS: By introducing the overview of adopting elicitation teaching in the pharmaceutical standard training in Beijing,the training effect was summarized and role and significance were studied. RESULTS:Supervisors applied five teaching modules in the elicitation teaching in the pharmaceu-tical standard training which are concluded“pharmaceutical education and rational use of medicine”“comments of prescription and rational use of medicine”“prescription transfers and rational use of medicine”“medicine counseling and rational use of medicine”“pharmaceutically communication and rational use of drugs medicine”,the result showed that participants had mastered more than 90%of what they had learned;with 92.5%of participants felt elicitation teaching could help improve students’interests in pharma-cy,and strengthen responsibility;80.0% of the participants believed that part of the modules strengthen the training of clinical think-ing;the training of satisfaction to 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The elicitation teaching mode can not only improve the teaching quality in pharmaceutical standard training,but also strengthen communication and feedback between teachers and students,students and students to make students more deeply understand and master knowledge and improve teaching quality.

China ; Humans ; Pathology ; trends

PURPOSETo explore the impact of subtropical maritime monsoon climate on the frequency of ambulance use for trauma patients in a coastal region in China.

METHODStatistical analysis of data on ambulance use from the 120 Emergency Command Center in Shantou City, Guangdong Province, from January to December 2012 as well as daily meteorological data from a Shantou observatory was performed to determine how climatic factors (seasons, time, and weather) affect the frequency of ambulance use for trauma patients.

RESULTSThe daily ambulance use for trauma patients differed between spring and summer or autumn (p<0.05), between sunny and rainy days (p<0.05), and between cloudy and lightly or moderately rainy days (p<0.05).We found a linear correlation between daily maximum temperature and daily ambulance use for trauma patients (R² =0.103, p<0.05). In addition, there was significant difference in ambulance use between good and bad weather (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONFrequency of ambulance use for trauma patients is affected by the subtropical maritime monsoon climate in the coastal region. Better weather contributes to increased daily frequency of ambulance use, which is the highest in autumn and lowest in spring.

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) exhibits superior biological functions by improving periodontal inflammation, promoting the migration and proliferation of periodontal-related stem cells, promoting the formation of blood vessels and periodontal ligament-like tissue, and regulating the formation of bone/cementum. It plays an important role in tooth development, repair and regeneration. bFGF can be combined with seed cells and scaffold materials for periodontal tissue regeneration, which has been verified in a number of experimental studies. However, the application of bFGF alone as a drug in clinical treatment requires further research.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of transforming growth factor β1( TGF-β1) type Ⅰ receptor kinase inhibitor SB431542 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition( EMT) induced by paraquat in type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells A549. METHODS: A549 cells were randomly divided into control group,paraquat group and TGF-β1 blockade group,with3 samples in each group. The cells in the control group were cultured without any treatment,cells in paraquat group were stimulated by paraquat of a final concentration of 20 μmol/L,cells in TGF-β1 blockade group were treated with paraquat with a final concentration of 20 μmol/L and SB431542 with a final concentration of 20 μg/L. After 5 days,cultured cells were harvested and observed for morphologic and phenotypic characteristics using inverted phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope. Cell migration was assayed by Transwell chamber. The expression of target protein was detected by Western blot. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the TGF-β1 levels. RESULTS: Under inverted phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope,A549 cells in control group grew normally,cells in paraquat group changed from epithelial morphology to mesenchymal morphology,cells in TGF-β1 blockade group reversed to epithelial cell morphology. The results of cell migration showed that the number of cells in the paraquat group passed through the membrane was higher than that in the control group and TGF-β1 blockade group( P < 0. 05). The relative expression of E-cadherin and zonula occluden-1 in paraquat group was decreased( P < 0. 05),while the relative expression of vimentin,α-smooth muscle actin,type I collagen,the phosphorylation Smad and Mad related protein( p-Smad) 2 and p-Smad3 was elevated( P < 0. 05),compared to control group and TGF-β1 blockade group. The levels of total TGF-β1 and active TGF-β1 increased in paraquat group than that in control group( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Paraquat induced EMT in A549 cells by activating TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. Early treatment with SB431542 can inhibit paraquatinduced EMT by blocking TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2–3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of original articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Comorbidity ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic*