The peripheral T/NK cell lymphomas (PT/NKCLs) encompass a heterogeneous group of malignant lymphoid diseas-es, which derived from mature T-cells and NK cells. PT/NKCLs are rare, and its epidemiology and pathological subtypes showed signif-icant geographic and ethnic differences. PT/NKCLs, especially NK/T cell lymphoma (nasal type), are relatively common in Asian coun-tries. The use of an anthracycline-containing regimen is not associated with an improved outcome in most subtypes of PT/NKCLs, but is associated with an improved outcome in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, ALK positive. High-dosage chemotherapy combined with stem cell transplantation is a considerable choice for newly diagnosed high-risk or refractory/relapsed PT/NKCLs because of its general-ly poor clinical outcome. Advances in new drugs have lagged behind DLBCL because of the disease rarity of PT/NKCL and biological heterogeneity. Nevertheless, new chemotherapeutic drugs, such as pralatrexate and bendamustine, and targeted drugs, such as alemtu-zumab, brentuximab vedotin, HDAC inhibitors, bortezomib, and lenalidomide, are recently emerging effective therapies in this area. We confidently believe that the era of PT/NKCLs is coming.

Objective To investigate the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) and their relationship with lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. Methods Eighty patients with gastric cancer had been admitted to our department from January 2005 to December 2005, including 48 with local lymph node metastasis and 32 without local lymph node metastasis. Ten specimens of normal gastric mucosa from patients with gastric ulcer were used as control. The expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in serum and tissues were detected. Results The senun levels of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in patients with gastric cancer were significantly higher than those in the control group (χ2= 8.39, P < 0.05). The positive rate of the VEGF-C expression in the sermn of patients with gastric cancer was influenced by the lymph node metastasis (χ2 = 7.01, P < 0.05). The positive rates of the expressions of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in the gastric cancer tissue were 53% (42/80) and 63% (50/80), which were significantly higher than those in the normal gastric mucosa (χ2 =6.44, 6.58, P <0.05). The positive rate of the VEGF-C expression in the tissue of patients with gastric cancer was influenced by the lymph node metastasis (χ2=11.25, P <0.05). Conclusions The expression of VEGF-C is closely related to lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer. The serum levels of VEGF-C can be used as biologic markers in detecting lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer preoperatively.

The 54th ASH annual meeting should be considered as a revolution for treatment of lymphoma.Keep away from chemotherapy will not be just a dream,it based on the deep understand of lymphoma genesis and quick development of different targeted agents.The typical examples are the dramatic novel agents targeting B cell receptor signaling pathway and microenvironment.There combination,such as R-square regimen,showed unbelievable efficacy in indolent B cell lymphomas and tiny side effects.It is sure that therapy breakthroughs in aggressive B cell lymphomas and T/NK cell lymphomas are in the very near future.

Chronic activation of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway performs a critical function in the pathogenesis of numerous subtypes of B-cell malignancies and transforms normal cells into malignant cells. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a member of the TEC family of tyrosine kinases and is a key regulator of the BCR signaling pathway. BTK inhibition has emerged as a new target for therapeutic intervention in B-cell malignancies. This review summarizes recent developments of BTK inhibitors in B-cell malignan-cies.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and causes of recurrent purulent meningitis and its treatment.Methods The clinical data of 36 children with recurrent purulent meningitis were analyzed retro-spectively at Tianjin Children′s Hospital from 1 995 to 201 4.Based on the underlying illness,the following examinations were done respectively:brainstem electric response audi -ometry(BERA),temporal bone computed tomography,head magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),spinal core MRI,and blood immunoglobulin,etc.Results There were 24 boys and 1 2 girls involved in this study.The age of the initial onset in these patients ranged from 20 months old to 1 5 years old,with the average age of 5 year and 9 months old.There were 2 to 7 episodes in these cases.The etiology was identi-fied:1 9 cases (52.78%)with congenital anatomical abnormalities,1 2 cases of congenital inner ear malformation with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage,1 case of ear -nose CSF leakage,6 cases of pilonidal sinus.Fifteen cases (41 .67%)had anatomical abnormalities,1 2 cases had head and facial trauma,1 case had nasal polyps surgery,1 case (2.77%)had a history of chronic mastoiditis,and 1 case had a history of cochlear implant surgery;1 case of congenital humoral immunodeficiency disease X -linked agammaglobulinemia -free;1 case (2.77%)had humoral immunodefi-ciency disease.The anti -infection treatment was adopted in the acute -phase and then CSF rhinorrhea repair,CSF oto-rrhea,cerebrospinal fluid leakage,repair of the inner ear,pilonidal sinus resection,supplementary intravenous immuno-globulin around once every 3 months was given respectively in the restoration -phase.Thirty -three cases revealed no recurrence up to 8 months till 1 0 years follow -up,3 cases lost -to -follow -up.Conclusions The recurrent purulent meningitis is a serious infectious disease of the central nervous system,which may result in disabled condition even life -threatening.In order to avoid purulent meningitis recurrence,the corresponding treatment should be chosen ac-cording to different causes.

Objective To compare the prognosis of sentinel node-positive breast cancer patients forgoing axillary lymph node dissection.Methods A systematic literature search (Medline,Embase,Cochrane Library)ended in April 2014 was performed to identify all eligible articles.Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data.RevMan5 was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 1026 abstracts were retrieved and 18 clinical controlled studies finally included,the total number of patients were 47 894,7389 had micrometastases in sentinel lymph node,35 217 had macrometastases in sentinel lymph node and 5288 had positive sentinel lymph node regardless of micrometastases or macrometastases.For patients with MIC,the 5-year axillary recurrence rate,5-year disease free survival and 5-year overall survival had no significant difference between patients who only received sentinel lymph node biopsy and patients who received further axillary lymph node dissection,(OR =1.78;95％ CI:0.72-4.39,P=0.21),(OR =0.76,95％CI:0.56-1.04,P=0.08),(OR=0.77,95％CI:0.43-1.40,P=0.39).For patients with MAC,the 5-year axillary recurrence rate had no significant difference between patients who only received sentinel lymph node biopsy and patients who received further axillary lymph node dissection,(OR =1.21;95％ CI:O.76-1.91,P =0.42).For patients with positive sentinel lymph node regardless of micrometastases or macrometastases,the 5-year axillary recurrence rate and 5-year overall survival had no significant difference between patients who only received sentinel lymph node biopsy and patients who received further axillary lymph node dissection,(OR =1.29;95％ CI:0.92-1.80,P =0.14),(OR =0.96,95％ CI:0.64-1.45,P =0.84).Conclusions Among patients with limited positive SLN of breast cancer,patients forgoing ALND compared with ALND did not have obvious affect on long-term survival.

Objective To study GAP\|43mRNA expression during nerve injure and regeneration. Methods Rat sciatic nerve was crushed then, in situ hybridization technique was used to explore GAP\|43mRNA expressions in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Results The neurons of spinal cord and DRG were detected to have GAP\|43 hybridization sinal by 2 days after sciatic nerve lesion. At later times(4,7 and 14 days postsurgery) the anterior horn motor neurons and DRG cells showed an increase in the number of GAP\|43mRNA positive neurons, followed by a significant rise in their content of GAP\|43mRNA. The number of GAP\|43mRNA positive neurons was decreased by 30 days postinjure, and was nearly nomal 60 days postinjure.Conclusion GAP\|43mRNA expression was increased during peripheral nerve injure and regeneration. The study showed that GAP\|43 may play a key role in nerve regeneration. [

Objective To confirm untoward reactions in uterine benign disease caused by the application of high intensity fo‐cused ultrasound (HIFU) is lighter .Methods Following‐up 877 cases of patients with uterine benign disease who received HIFU treatment from September 2014 to May 2016 in Zigong Fourth People′s Hospital ,the intra‐and post‐operative untoward reactions were summarized and analyzed .Results We summarized the occurrence of untoward reactions ,treatment measures and prognosis :98% of untoward reactions were SIR A to B level ,and fully recovered after treatment immediately to 1 week without special inter‐vention;2% of untoward reactions were SIR C to D ,also fully recovered after hospital and nursing treatment ;no serious complica‐tions(SIR D and above) occurred .Conclusion HIFU can be used in the treatment of uterine benign diseases in our hospital ,which could provide references for the treatment of uterine benign diseases by using HIFU .

0 05) The progression free median duration of responsive patients was 7.1 months in Oxa CF 5 Fu group and 5.4 months in control ( P

Objective To observe the effects of tetramethyipyrazine(TMP) on retina to find out whether it can protect retina from glaucomatous damage. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. One eye of each rabbit was model eye induced by 2％ methylcellulous, and the other was control eye. Normal saline, TMP, timolol and a combination of timolol and TMP were administrated to group A, B, C and D respectively. At the end of 4th week, eyes were excavated for light and electron microscopic study. Results The numbers of ganglion cells (P ＜0. 01) and bipolar cells (P ＜0. 01) in model eye were different significantly between group A and B. In group A, the model eye ganglion cells were karyopyknosis, chromatin margination and nuclear membrane rupture; some in ner nuclear cells dcveloped marked lytic changes; outer segment appeared disorganized; but group B changed slight ly. Conclusion The results suggest that TMP may protect retina from glaucomatous damage.