Objective:To artificially design and express a recombinant protein named as ScFv-pLLO by fusing ScFv gene of Rituximab(C2B8)and dominant antigen epitopes from listeriolysin O(LLO),and studying its anti-tumor activity.Methods:VH and VL gene sequences of C2B8 against CD20 were acquired by searching United States Patent database,and ScFv sequence was constructed by linking VL and VH with a short peptide linker.Two CD4+T cell epitopes from LLO were selected and designed to splice ScFv sequence.The recombinant gene of ScFv-pLLO was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector and purified after induction.The capacity of ScFv-pLLO target-binding to B-cell lymphomas was evaluated by flow cytometry ( FCM ) and co-immunoprecipitation ( Co-IP ) .The effects of ScFv-pLLO on B-cell lymphomas proliferation and apoptosis were detected respectively.The immunogenicity of ScFv-pLLO was assessed by lymphocyte proliferation assay.Results: ScFv-pLLO was successfully expressed.It could bind to different B-cell lymphomas cell lines and obviously inhibit the growth of Raji cells as well as inducing apoptosis.Moreover,ScFv-pLLO was able to stimulate proliferation of spleen lymphocytes of immunized mice.Conclusion: The recombinant protein ScFv-pLLO can target-bind to B-cell lymphomas,and perform inhibitory effect and induce apoptosis on Raji cells that indicate ScFv-pLLO retain the capacity of ScFv derived from monoclonal antibody against CD20.Besides, ScFv-pLLO can induce immune response.This study provides a basis for further research about the role of ScFv-pLLO on simulating tumor cell antigens as well as being tumor vaccine adjuvant.

Objective To observe the distribution of oligodexynucleotide (ODN)MT01 in main organ tissues of the rats at different time points and to discuss the regularity of the distribution of MT01 preliminarily. Methods 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental group(n=30)and control group(n=30). The rats in experimental group was locally injected with Cy5 labeled MT01 in gingival mucosa,whereas the rats in control group were injected with MTO1.The samples of rat lung,liver spleen,kidney,heart,and brain tissues were collected at 15 min,1 h,4 h,8 h,16 h,1 d,2 d,3 d,4 d,and 5 d after injection,and the distribution of MT01 fluorescence was observed by laser scanning confocal microscope.The ratio of fluorescence positive cells indicated the amount of MT01 that had been taken up by different organs.Results No positive fluorescence cells were observed in control group.Whereas,in experimental group ,the positive fluorescence cells were detected in the tissue samples of lung,liver,spleen and kidney but not in the tissue samples of heart and brain.The positive fluorescence cells distributed focally in kidney tissue and presented primarily in the cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelial cells.The ratios of positive fluorescence cells changed regularly with time in liver, spleen and kidney tissues and the highest level was detected at 4,3 and 4 d after injection.No distinct regularity of the ratio of positive fluorescence cells was observed in lung tissue.Conclusion MT01 can be taken up by liver,spleen and lung tissue and primarily by kidney with regularity in distribution.

With the increasing number of cancer patients, the aging population, the shortage of medical resources and other problems in China, the demand for palliative care is gradually increasing. However, nursing staff are the main implementors of palliative care, and their cognitive level of palliative care is closely related to the quality of palliative care service and the outcome of patients. By summarizing assessment tools of palliative care knowledge, attitudes and skills, this review aims to provide a reference for developing appropriate palliative care assessment tools for nursing staff in China.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between the TCM Syndrome Differentiation-types of congestive heart failure (CHF) and thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), as well as cardiac function parameters, including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mean velocity of circumferentid fiber shortening (mVcf) and A peak/E peak (A/E).

METHODSOne hundred patients with CHF were divided into 4 Syndrome Differentiation-type groups, their cardiac function parameters, ANP and thyroid hormones were determined and compared with those in the 23 subjects in the control group.

RESULTSIn CHF patients with edema and blood stasis Syndrome type, the level of plasma ANP was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05); level of T3 was significantly lower than that in the control group and in CHF patients of other three (Xin-qi deficiency, Yin-deficiency and blood stasis) Syndrome groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01); levels of LVEF and mVcf were significantly lower than those in the other three Syndrome groups (all P < 0.01). Level of T4 in other three Syndrome groups significantly increased than that in the edema and blood stasis Syndrome type. A/E value showed a higher level in patients of all TCM type than that in the control (P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that T3 was positively correlated with LVEF and T4 (r = 0.200, P < 0.05, and r = 0.293, P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with ANP (r = -0.263, P < 0.01); T4 was negatively correlated with A/E (r = -0.226, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe lowering of T3 and T4 and increasing of ANP may be one of the important reasons for lowering of LVEF in CHF patients with edema and blood stasis Syndrome-type. The decrease of T4 may be one of the important reasons for elevation of A/E and aggravation of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in CHF patients of all the 4 TCM Syndrome-types.

Adult ; Aged ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Heart Failure ; blood ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Contraction ; Stroke Volume ; physiology ; Thyroid Hormones ; blood ; Thyrotropin ; blood ; Thyroxine ; blood ; Triiodothyronine ; blood ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; physiopathology ; Ventricular Function, Left

Objective: To construct the third generation chimeric antigen receptor based on a novel humanized anti-HER2 H1-2 scFv, and to investigate the specific cytotoxicity of H1-2 CAR modified T lymphocytes(CAR-T) against HER2⁺ tumor cells. Method: The expression cassette of the third generation CAR gene and anti-HER2 H1-2 scFv were constructed and cloned into lentivirus transfer plasmid, and then the third generation H1-2 CAR was transduced into human T lymphocytes using lentivirus.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of cytokines IL2, and LDH release assay was used to detect the cytotoxic effect of the H1-2 CAR-T.Finally, NOD/SCID mice and HER2⁺ breast cancer cell line SKBR3 were used to detect the anti-tumor effect of H1-2 CAR-T in vivo. Results: The third generation H1-2 CAR was successfully constructed.H1-2 CAR-T secreted high dose of IL2 after confrontation with HER2⁺ breast cancer cells.In vitro, the cytolytic rate of H1-2 CAR-T on high expression HER2⁺ tumor cells was significantly higher than that in low expression HER2 or non-expression HER2 tumor cells. At the efficacy to target ratio of 20, the cytolytic rate of H1-2 CAR-T against breast cancer cell SK-BR-3 could reach (90.1±2.8)%, while the cytolytic rate of H1-2 CAR-T against HER2^- breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 was only (13.5±4.7)%. In the mouse xenograft tumor model, H1-2 CAR-T cells inhibited breast cancer growth in vivo.At the end of the experiments, the average tumor weight in the H1-2 CAR-T cell treatment group was (0.7±0.1) g, the non-transfected T cell therapeutic group was (1.2±0.2) g, and the PBS group was (1.2±0.2) g. There was significant difference between the H1-2 CAR-T therapeutic group and the non-transfected T cell therapeutic group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the non-transfected T cell therapeutic group and the PBS treatment group (P>0.05). Conclusion The HER2-sepcific H1-2 CAR-T cells specifically kill HER2 positive cells, and further studies on CAR-T cells for the treatment of HER2⁺ cancers are useful.

Objective: To understand the consciousness of the cancer early detection among urban residents and identify the influencing factors from 2015 to 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. Self-designed questionnaires were used to collect population, socioeconomic indicators, self-cancer risk assessment, regular participation in physical examination and other information. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the factors of people who had not regularly participated in the regular physical examination in the past five years. Results: The self-assessment results of 32 357 residents showed that there were 27.54% (8 882) of total study population with self-reported cancer risk, 45.48% (14 671) without cancer risk and 26.98% (8 704) with unclear judgement on their own cancer risk. Among population with cancer risk, 79.84% (7 091) considered physical examination accounted. In the past five years, there were 21 105 (65.43%) residents participated in regular physical examination and 11 148 (34.56%) participated in non-scheduled one, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with unmarried and western region residents, divorced, middle and eastern region residents had a stronger consciousness to participate in the regular physical examination (P<0.05). Compare with residents with annual household income less than 20 000 CNY in 2014, cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, and self-assessment with cancer risk, residents with annual household income between 20 000 CNY and 59 000 CNY in 2014, occupational population, community residents, cancer patients, self-reported cancer-free risk, and self-assessment with unclear judgement of cancer risk were less likely to participate in the regular physical examination (all P values <0.05). Conclusion From 2015 to 2017, the Chinese urban residents had a acceptable consciousness of the cancer early detection. The marital status, annual household income, population group and self-assessment of cancer risk were related to the consciousness of the cancer early detection of people who had not participated in the regular physical examination in the past five years.

Objective: To understand the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis among urban residents and identify the related factors from 2015 to 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The general demographic characteristics, the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis (whether people would have a willingness or encourage their relatives/friends to confirm the abnormal results once which were detected from the physical examination) and other information were collected by using the self-designed questionnaire. The non-conditional logistic regression model was used to identify the relateol factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis. Results: As for residents with abnormal result from the physical examination, 89.29% (28 802) of residents would choose to seek medical treatment for further diagnosis. If their relatives/friends had abnormal results from the physical examination, 89.55% (28 886) of residents would encourage their relatives/friends to confirm the diagnosis in time. The non-conditional logistic regression model analysis showed that compared with the public institution staff/civil servants, annual household income less than 20 000 CNY, the western region and the cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, the company staff, annual household income about 40 000 CNY and more, and the residents from the middle and eastern region had a stronger consciousness to seek further diagnosis; while the unemployed residents and community residents were less likely to seek further diagnosis (P<0.05). Conclusions From 2015 to 2017, the Chinese urban residents had a good consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis. Occupation, annual household income, residential region and population group were related to the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis.

Objective: To investigate the demand and access to the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge and related factors among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information of general demographic characteristics, the demand and access to cancer prevention and treatment knowledge, and the influencing factors of the attitude. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of the demand of the cancer prevention knowledge among different groups and the corresponding factors of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge were analyzed by using the logistic regression model. Results: The proportion of residents who need the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was 79.5%. The demand rate of the inducement, symptom and diagnosis methods of cancer in the occupational population was highest, about 66.8%, 71.0% and 20.8%, respectively. The demand rate of treatment methods and cost in current cancer patients was the highest, about the 45.9% and 21.9%, respectively. The top three sources to acquire the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge were "broadcast or television" (69.5%), "books, newspapers, posters or brochures" (44.7%) and "family and friends" (33.8%). The multivariate analysis showed that compared with public institution personnel/civil servants, unmarried/cohabiting/divorced/widowed and others, annual household income less than 20 000 CNY, from the eastern region, people without cancer diagnosis and people with self-assessment of cancer risk, the demand rate of cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was higher in enterprise personnel/workers, married, annual household income between 60 000 CNY and 150 000 CNY, from the central region, people with cancer and people with unclear cancer risk (all P values <0.05). Conclusion There was a high demand for the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017. The main access to the knowledge is from the radio or television. The occupation, marital status, annual household income, residential region, health status and risk of disease were the main factors of the demand of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge.

Objective: To understand the health literacy and relevant factors of cancer prevention consciousness in Chinese urban residents from 2015 to 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information of demographic characteristics and cancer prevention consciousness focusing on nine common risk factors, including smoking, alcohol, fiber food, food in hot temperature or pickled food, chewing betel nut, helicobacter pylori, moldy food, hepatitis B infection, estrogen, and exercise. The logistic regression model was adopted to identify the influencing factors. Results: The overall health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness was 77.4% (24 980 participants), with 77.4% (12 018 participants), 79.9% (6 406 participants), 77.2% (1 766 participants) and 74.5% (4 709 participants) in each group (P<0.001). The correct response rates for nine risk factors ranged from 55.2% to 93.0%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with community residents, people with primary school level education or below, and the number of people living together in the family <3, the cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, cancer patients, those with junior high school level educationor above and the number of people living in the family ≥3 had better health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness (all P values <0.05). Compared with females, 39 years old and below, government-affiliated institutions or civil servants, from the eastern region, males, older than 40 years, company or enterprise employees, and from the middle or western region had worse health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness (all P values <0.05). Conclusion The health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness in Chinese urban residents should be improved. The cancer screening intervention, gender, age, education, occupation, the number of people co-living in the family, and residential region were associated with the health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness.

Objective: To understand the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and its demographic and socioeconomic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The questionnaire collected personal information, the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and relevant factors. The Chi square test was used to compare the difference between the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and relevant factors among the four groups. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early treatment. Results: With the assumption of being diagnosed as precancer or cancer, 89.97% of community residents, 91.84% of cancer risk assessment/screening population, 93.00% of cancer patients and 91.52% of occupational population would accept active treatments (P<0.001). If the immediate family members were diagnosed as precancer or cancer, people who would encourage their family members to receive early treatment in the four groups accounted for 91.96%, 91.94%, 92.44% and 91.55%, respectively (P<0.001). The company employees, annual household income with 40 000 yuan and more and other three groups had a relatively better consciousness of the cancer early treatment (P<0.05). Male, widowed, unemployed and from the central and western regions had a relatively worse consciousness of the cancer early treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Residents in urban China participants had a good consciousness of the cancer early treatment. The marital status, occupation, annual household income and residential regions were major factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early treatment.