Objectives By survey the head nurses or nursing instructors,to know the one year professional performance of nurses graduated from Sino-Australia cooperation program of Jinhua Polytechnic,which can help us to make the educational plan and further cultivation.MethodSelf-composed questionnaire is provided to 32 head nurses or nursing instructors from secondary and tertiary hospitals of Zhejiang province.SPSS 18 is applied for data analysis.ResultThe nurses' performance is generally consistent to the objectives ofthe Sino-Australia nursing program and the rating scores are normally distributed. There is no significant difference in the average performance of nurses comparing to a test value of 71,P≤0.08.The scores of professional quality,nursing competency,English ability,humanitarian caring,active learning,team work and adaptability to clinical responsibilities were especially well rated.ConclusionResults indicated that the school should appropriately adjust the direction for students＇ employment,consider to localize the nursing courses introduced from foreign countries.It is necessary for the hospitals to ponder on how to further cultivate and utilize the English competency of the nurses,and use the individualized strategies to retain the nurses who are proficient in English.

Objective Feedback of 35 graduates from a Sino-Australia cooperation program was investigated at 1 -year fulfillment of clinical practice,and reflect some of the issues in the process of cultivation and utilization of nursing talents from the program. Methods 32 nursing talents from a Sino-Australia cooperation program at 1 -year fulfillment of clinical practice was selected as research object.Self made questionnaires baaed on the goal of the program were used,which included both open and close questions.The investigation results were analyzed. Results The nursing talents considered that the main advantages of the program were as followed:cultivation of their ability in active communication,improving English level,broaden international vision,and internationalization of courses. Conclusions Stratified and individualized teaching strategies need to be implemented.English study and nursing specialty study are to be appropriately combined.Routes of employment should be broadened.In addition,imported courses are to be adjusted according to domestic situation.While attaching importance in teaching,faculty should also emphasize advising.Finally,it is not to be ignored for the hospitals that they are responsible for greater utilization and cultivation of the nurses with both nursing and English ability.

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to synthesize MTO1 (a kind of oligodeoxynucleotides) and N-isopropylacrylamide-modified polyethylenimines (PEN) complexes (MT01/PEN) as well as to investigate the effect of the complexes on the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in the human osteoblast-like cell line MG63.

METHODSMG63 cells were transfected by MT01/PEN complexes formed with three different mass ratios (1:2, 1:4, 1:6) of MT01 to PEN. MT01 and MT01-s were used as positive control. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to estimate the amount of OPG and RANKL released into the culture media and in MG63 at 24, 48, 72 h.

RESULTSMG63 responded to the MT01/PEN complexes by significantly upregulating the OPG on the protein and mRNA levels (P < 0.05). The protein and mRNA levels of RANKL were lower in most of the groups with complexes, and the OPG/RANKL ratio were higher (P < 0.05). MG63 were affected by the MT01/PEN complexes with different mass ratios, particularly when the ratio was 1:6.

CONCLUSIONMT01 can enhance the promotion of ossification by establishing the delivery system with PEN.

Acrylamides ; Cell Line ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoprotegerin ; Polyethyleneimine ; RANK Ligand ; RNA, Messenger ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

[Objective]To summarize the research and understanding on the role of inflammatory factors in the onset of type-2 diabetes(T2DM)at home and abroad,the correlation between damp-heat syndrome and inflammation in T2DM,and the experience of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in treating T2DM from damp-heat syndrome,so as to provide new ideas for the treatment of T2DM.[Methods]Reviewing relevant information on T2DM,reading relevant literature,summarizing the research results on the role of inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of T2DM at home and abroad,summarizing the correlation between damp-heat syndrome and inflammation in TCM,and summarizing the experience of treating T2DM from the perspective of damp-heat in TCM.[Results]The onset of T2DM is closely related to inflammatory factors,inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)in the serum of T2DM patients are higher than normal levels.The role of inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of T2DM includes hindering normal tyrosine phosphorylation in the insulin receptor substrate(IRS),accelerating the dissociation and degradation of IRS and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases(PI3K),affecting downstream PI3K phosphorylation,interfering with insulin signaling through the pathway,and triggering insulin resistance(IR);promoting nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)activation continuously exacerbates the inflammatory state through a positive feedback mechanism,promoting IR;directly or indirectly causing pancreatic islets β cellular destruction and decreasing insulin secretion function.TCM syndrome differentiation of T2DM patients is mostly characterized by damp-heat syndrome,the levels of IL-6 and hypersensitive-C reactive protein(hs-CRP)in T2DM damp heat syndrome are higher.Lipid metabolism disorders,IR and inflammation are more severe.There is a strong correlation between T2DM damp-heat syndrome and the inflammatory state of the body.TCM can reduce the level of inflammatory factors in the body by using various TCM formulas and single drugs to treat T2DM damp-heat syndrome.[Conclusion]There is a correlation among T2DM,inflammation and damp-heat syndrome.T2DM mostly belongs to damp-heat syndrome.The use of TCM formulas for clearing heat and removing dampness and single drugs is effective in treating T2DM damp-heat syndrome,which is a new approach to treat T2DM from the perspective of damp-heat theory.

Objective:To understand the work experiences of vaccination nurses in western China under the background of free vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine of the entire population, and provide references for these nurses to better their performance in large-scale COVID-19 vaccination.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted on working experience of COVID-19 vaccination with 11 community outpatient nurses who participated in the " Second Western Immunization Planning and Health Summit Forum" held in Chongqing on April 16 to 18, 2021. The sample size was set as information saturation, and the 7-step Colaizzi analytical methods was used in data clarification and analysis.Results:Such interviews extracted three themes: difficulties and challenges, psychological experience, organization and coordination. Difficulties and challenges included shortage of nursing human resources, shortage of resources for routine vaccination, imperfect online appointments, and epidemic prevention and control risks brought by mass vaccination; psychological experience included strong sense of responsibility, accumulation of anxiety, and lack of social identity; organizational coordination included organizational and the overall integration of vaccination resources.Conclusions:Community vaccination nurses have demonstrated a high sense of responsibility and mission in the work of the COVID-19 vaccination. Software and hardware facilities should be enhanced for higher efficiency; vaccination nurses deserve more psychological assistance to help ease their tension; the localities are recommended to organize their vaccination work to fit local conditions.

Objective To investigate the effect of patient's body shape and image acquisition mode on the radiation dose and image quality in percutaneous coronary angiography.Methods A total of 40 patients,who received selective percutaneous coronary angiography at the Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital of China between January 2022 and June 2023,were selected for this study.The patients were randomly divided into conventional group(including 11 males and 9 females,using coronary angiography mode to make image acquisition)and low-dose group(including 14 males and 6 females,using electrophysiological mode to make image acquisition).The patient's basic information,body size data,and the various radiation dose data were collected.The image quality rating scale for assessing the image quality was formulated.The independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for the comparison between the two groups.Pearson correlation analysis method was used to make correlation analysis.Results The larger the patient's chest circumference was,the higher the radiation dose would be,there was a positive linear relationship between the patient's chest circumference and the radiation dose.All the radiation dose parameters in the low-dose group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group(P＜0.01),and its reduction percentage was 48.51％-60.74％.No statistically significant difference in image quality score existed between the two groups(P＞0.0l),and in both groups the image quality was rated as good or better,meeting the requirements of intervention procedures.Conclusion In percutaneous coronary angiography the radiation dose is influenced by multiple factors including patient's body shape,image acquisition mode,exposure time,etc.Optimizing the image acquisition mode can remarkably reduce the radiation dose while maintaining the image quality and protecting the health of patients and operators.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:599-603)

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2–3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of original articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Comorbidity ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic*

Objective: To understand the consciousness of the cancer early detection among urban residents and identify the influencing factors from 2015 to 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. Self-designed questionnaires were used to collect population, socioeconomic indicators, self-cancer risk assessment, regular participation in physical examination and other information. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the factors of people who had not regularly participated in the regular physical examination in the past five years. Results: The self-assessment results of 32 357 residents showed that there were 27.54% (8 882) of total study population with self-reported cancer risk, 45.48% (14 671) without cancer risk and 26.98% (8 704) with unclear judgement on their own cancer risk. Among population with cancer risk, 79.84% (7 091) considered physical examination accounted. In the past five years, there were 21 105 (65.43%) residents participated in regular physical examination and 11 148 (34.56%) participated in non-scheduled one, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with unmarried and western region residents, divorced, middle and eastern region residents had a stronger consciousness to participate in the regular physical examination (P<0.05). Compare with residents with annual household income less than 20 000 CNY in 2014, cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, and self-assessment with cancer risk, residents with annual household income between 20 000 CNY and 59 000 CNY in 2014, occupational population, community residents, cancer patients, self-reported cancer-free risk, and self-assessment with unclear judgement of cancer risk were less likely to participate in the regular physical examination (all P values <0.05). Conclusion From 2015 to 2017, the Chinese urban residents had a acceptable consciousness of the cancer early detection. The marital status, annual household income, population group and self-assessment of cancer risk were related to the consciousness of the cancer early detection of people who had not participated in the regular physical examination in the past five years.

Objective: To understand the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis among urban residents and identify the related factors from 2015 to 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The general demographic characteristics, the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis (whether people would have a willingness or encourage their relatives/friends to confirm the abnormal results once which were detected from the physical examination) and other information were collected by using the self-designed questionnaire. The non-conditional logistic regression model was used to identify the relateol factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis. Results: As for residents with abnormal result from the physical examination, 89.29% (28 802) of residents would choose to seek medical treatment for further diagnosis. If their relatives/friends had abnormal results from the physical examination, 89.55% (28 886) of residents would encourage their relatives/friends to confirm the diagnosis in time. The non-conditional logistic regression model analysis showed that compared with the public institution staff/civil servants, annual household income less than 20 000 CNY, the western region and the cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, the company staff, annual household income about 40 000 CNY and more, and the residents from the middle and eastern region had a stronger consciousness to seek further diagnosis; while the unemployed residents and community residents were less likely to seek further diagnosis (P<0.05). Conclusions From 2015 to 2017, the Chinese urban residents had a good consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis. Occupation, annual household income, residential region and population group were related to the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis.

Objective: To investigate the demand and access to the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge and related factors among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information of general demographic characteristics, the demand and access to cancer prevention and treatment knowledge, and the influencing factors of the attitude. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of the demand of the cancer prevention knowledge among different groups and the corresponding factors of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge were analyzed by using the logistic regression model. Results: The proportion of residents who need the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was 79.5%. The demand rate of the inducement, symptom and diagnosis methods of cancer in the occupational population was highest, about 66.8%, 71.0% and 20.8%, respectively. The demand rate of treatment methods and cost in current cancer patients was the highest, about the 45.9% and 21.9%, respectively. The top three sources to acquire the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge were "broadcast or television" (69.5%), "books, newspapers, posters or brochures" (44.7%) and "family and friends" (33.8%). The multivariate analysis showed that compared with public institution personnel/civil servants, unmarried/cohabiting/divorced/widowed and others, annual household income less than 20 000 CNY, from the eastern region, people without cancer diagnosis and people with self-assessment of cancer risk, the demand rate of cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was higher in enterprise personnel/workers, married, annual household income between 60 000 CNY and 150 000 CNY, from the central region, people with cancer and people with unclear cancer risk (all P values <0.05). Conclusion There was a high demand for the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017. The main access to the knowledge is from the radio or television. The occupation, marital status, annual household income, residential region, health status and risk of disease were the main factors of the demand of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge.