Gluconobacter oxydans is known to oxidize glucose to gluconic acid (GA), and subsequently, to 2-keto-gluconic acid (2KGA) and 5-keto-gluconic acid (5KGA), while 5KGA can be converted to L-(+)-tartaric acid. In order to increase the production of 5KGA, Gluconobacter oxydans HGI-1 that converts GA to 5KGA exclusively was chosen in this study, and effects of carbon sources (lactose, maltose, sucrose, amylum and glucose) and nitrogen sources (yeast extract, fish meal, corn steep liquor, soybean meal and cotton-seed meal) on 5KGA production were investigated. Results of experiment in 500 mL shake-flask show that the highest yield of 5KGA (98.20 g/L) was obtained using 100 g/L glucose as carbon source. 5KGA reached 100.20 g/L, 109.10 g/L, 99.83 g/L with yeast extract, fish meal and corn steep liquor as nitrogen source respectively, among which the optimal nitrogen source was fish meal. The yield of 5KGA by corn steep liquor is slightly lower than that by yeast extract. For the economic reason, corn steep liquor was selected as nitrogen source and scaled up to 5 L stirred-tank fermentor, and the final concentration of 5KGA reached 93.80 g/L, with its maximum volumetric productivity of 3.48 g/(L x h) and average volumetric productivity of 1.56 g/(L x h). The result obtained in this study showed that carbon and nitrogen sourses for large-scale production of 5KGA by Gluconobacter oxydans HGI-1 were glucose and corn steep liquor, respectively, and the available glucose almost completely (85.93%) into 5KGA.
Bioreactors ; Carbon ; chemistry ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Fermentation ; Gluconates ; metabolism ; Gluconobacter oxydans ; metabolism ; Industrial Microbiology ; Nitrogen ; chemistry

In this paper,the indoor air quality of several hotelsand dancing halls was evaluated by using of two monitoring indexes.The results showed that the concentration of carbon dioxide of three dancing halls is low before opening,and the oxygen consumption is low too.But after opening an hour,the concentrations of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide raises with increase of oxygen consumption correlation analysis between the concentration of air-negative ion and the oxygen consumption showed that both is negative correlation,(r=-0.354,P

Objective:To investigate the longitudinal trajectory and influencing factors of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy.Methods:From March 2019 to January 2020, breast cancer patients in Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Peking Union Medical College Hospital were selected as the research objects to conduct follow-up investigation. The survey tools included general information questionnaire, Cancer-related Fatigue Assessment Scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale.Results:A total of 91 patients were included in the study. The incidence of severe CRF at each time point before chemotherapy, 3 weeks after chemotherapy and 6 weeks after chemotherapy were 1.1% (1/91), 8.8% (5/57) and 2.1% (1/48), respectively. The results of the generalized estimation equation showed that the trajectory of the total score CRF firstly increased and then decreased, reaching a peak at 3 weeks after chemotherapy (35.45±13.07), and mild CRF change showed statistical difference ( P<0.05). In addition, BMI and sleep and daytime dysfunction were the influencing factors of the total score of CRF. Disease stage, sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction were the influencing factors of CRF with different severity. Conclusions:CRF is a prominent problem in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy. Attention should be paid to high-risk individuals with abnormal BMI and daytime function by medical staff.

Objective:To explore the application value of three-dimensional visualization technique based on CT data in the analysis of renal vascular anatomical variation.Methods:The clinical data of 210 patients with renal tumors, adrenal tumors and renal cysts who underwent renal enhanced CT from October 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Among the patients, there were 114 males and 96 females with an average age of (56.5±13.2) years. The CT data were reconstructed by 3D slicer software. According to the three-dimensional visualization model, the renal vascular anatomy was analyzed from the perspective of whether it needs to be treated during laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. The variation of renal artery can be divided into multiple renal arteries, premature branches of renal artery and the mixed type with the above two variations. Renal vein variation can be divided into multiple renal veins, late confluence of renal veins and mixed type with the above two variations.Results:Among the 210 patients in this study, there were no statistically significant differences in anatomical variations of renal arteries and veins between males and females ( P=0.914 and P=0.121). Among 420 kidneys, renal artery variation (174/420, 41.4%) was more common than renal vein variation (121/420, 28.8%) ( P<0.01). 32 (7.6%) right kidneys and 38 (9.0%) left kidneys have multiple renal arteries ( P=0.432). Eighty-nine cases (42.4%) had premature branches in the right renal artery, while 37 cases (17.6%) in the left kidney ( P<0.01). 24 kidneys (5.7%) showed mixed renal artery variation. 53 (12.6%) right kidneys and 3 (0.7%) left kidneys had multiple renal veins ( P<0.01). Late confluence of renal veins was found in 41 right kidneys (9.8%) and 33 left kidneys (7.9%), respectively ( P=0.306). 8 (1.9%) mixed renal vein variants were all right kidneys.. From the perspective of laparoscopic renal surgery, there were 71 cases (33.8%) of the left kidney to deal with ≥ 2 renal arteries, as well as 103 cases (49.1%) of the right kidney ( P<0.01). There were 44 cases (21.0%) of the left kidney to deal with ≥ 2 renal veins, as well as 78 cases (37.1%) of the right kidney ( P<0.01). Conclusions:The three-dimensional visualization technique based on renal CT data is helpful to accurately evaluate the renal vascular anatomy before operation. Right renal vascular variants are more common.