Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical gram-negative bacterial isolates in the First Afifliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University during 2014.Methods Bacteria identiifcation was performed by API system or the VITEK-2 Compact automatic identiifcation system. Disk diffusion susceptibility testing or VITEK-2 Compact automatic identification system was used to determine the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. All data were analyzed using WHONET 5.6 software.Results Among the total 7 931 clinical isolates in 2014, gram-negative bacteria accounted for 64.2% (5 088/7 931). The top three pathogens wereE. coli,A. baumannii andK. pneumoniae. Notably, during the year 2014, 195 strains of carbapenem-resistantEnterobacteriaceaewere isolated, about 6.9% of all theEnterobacteriaceae isolates. Meanwhile, 613 (66.5%) strains of multiple drug resistantA. baumannii and 197 (28.7%) strains of multiple drug resistantP. aeruginosa were isolated.Conclusion During the year 2014, the resistance of the gram-negative bacteria in this hospital is mainly characterized by carbapenem-resistantEnterobacteriaceae, multiple drug resistant A. baumanniiand multiple drug resistantP. aeruginosa. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is beneifcial for rational use of antibiotics.

Objective To investigate serum alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein ( AHSG ) level and its relationship with associated clinical parameters in subjects with simple overweight and obesity. Methods Forty-nine subjects with obesity ( OB group) , 176 subjects with overweight ( OW group) , and 327 individuals with normal weight ( NW group) were randomly enrolled. The clinical data were collected and serum levels of AHSG and adiponectin ( APN) were determined by ELISA. The associations of serum AHSG level with other clinical parameters were assessed by Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regressive model. Results Serum AHSG levels were higher in OW and OB groups than that in NW group[(276. 30 and 302. 10 vs 241. 60)μg/ml], being especially higher in OB group (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Serum AHSG level in NW group was positively associated with fasting plasma glucose, homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, C-reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides, and free fatty acids ( FFA ) , but negatively associated with age and APN. In OW and OB groups, AHSG was also positively associated with body mass index, waist hip ratio(WHR), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01) except the aforementioned clinical parameters. In multiple linear regression model, AHSG was positively associated with WHR, CRP, and FFA, and was negatively associated with APN ( P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Conclusion The raised AHSG level in overweight and obese subjects may be a risk factor for obesity-related diseases.

Objective To analyze the reasons of catheter fracture of implantable vascular access devices and to explore the prevention and handling measures. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried in 3 887 adult patients with implantable vascular access devices and 13 had catheter fracture. The clinical features and causes were analyzed and the successful handling measures were summarized. Results Of 3 887 cases, a total of 13 (0.33%) catheter fracture occurred. The incidence rate of catheter fracture via subclavian jugular venipuncture was 3.70%,(6/162) , via internal jugular venipuncture was 0.18% (7/3 725), via internal jugular venipuncture was significantly lower than that via the subclavian venipuncture (χ2=47.505,P=0.000). There had no statistical differences between the left and right of the two puncture ways(P=0.707,0.682). Conclusions Catheter fracture is one of the serious complications in the process of use and maintenance of implantable vascular access device. Choosing appropriate surgical method, strengthen maintenance education, specificating the operation procedure, closing observation and other measures can not only reduce the occurrence of the catheter fracture, but also can dealt with catheter fracture in time, which could ensure the safety of patients' life.

The association between serum fetuin A and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) was investigated.Serum levels of fetuin-A and adiponectin were measured by ELISA and the clinical data were collected in 101 T2DM patients with normal albuminuria (NA group),87 patients with microalbuminuria (MA group),44 patients with overt albuminuria (OA group),and 130 normal control subjects (NC group).Fetuin-A levels increased progressively from NC,NA,MA,to OA groups,and there were significant differences among groups(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Fetuin-A level in patients was positively associated with duration of illness,urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR),fasting blood glucose,2-hour postprandial blood glucose,and C-reactive protein(CRP,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),but was negatively associated with age and adiponectin (all P＜ 0.01).Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that duration of diabetes,fetuin-A,CRP,and adiponectin were independent determinants for ACR (all P ＜ 0.01).Fetuin-A may be involved in the development and pathogenesis of DN by proinflammatory effects and repressing adiponectin production.

Objective To investigate the role of monocyte subsets in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), the expression was detected on lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(LP-PLA2) mRNA in peripheral blood monocytes subsets of type 2 diabetic patients. Methods After the peripheral blood of 32 type 2 diabetic patients and 22 healthy controls were collected,the percentages of the monocytes subsets were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of LP-PLA2 mRNA in monocytes subsets were detected by PCR. After monocyte subsets of healthy subjects were induced into macrophages and stimulated by the serum of type 2 diabetic patients for 24h,LP-PLA2 mRNA expression was detected. Results Compared with the control group, the percentage of classical monocytes in T2DM group was decreased, while the LP-PLA2 mRNA expression and percentage of nonclassical,intermediate monocytes were significantly increased(all P<0.05). In addition,the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index was positively correlated with LP-PLA2 mRNA expression in non-classical(P<0.05)and intermediate monocytes(P<0.01)of type 2 diabetic patients. Compared with type 2 diabetic patients without carotid atherosclerosis, the levels of LP-PLA2 mRNA in intermediate and nonclassical monocytes were significantly higher than those in type 2 diabetic patients with carotid atherosclerosis(P<0.05). The level of LP-PLA2 mRNA in non-classical monocytes-derived macrophages stimulated with the serum of type 2 diabetic patients was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Monocytes subsets from type 2 diabetic patients are abnormally skewed toward to intermediate and non-classical monocytes with high expression of LP-PLA2 mRNA,which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the disposal methods and the reasons of complications in operation of totally implantable central venous port (TICVP).

METHODSA total of 2 007 patients were enrolled in this observational, single-center study between December 2008 and March 2013. TICVP implantation was performed with one small skin incision and subcutaneous puncture of subclavian or jugular vein. Patient's profiles, indications of port system, early and delayed complications, and disposal methods were evaluated. There were 38 male and 1 969 female patients, aged from 21 to 85 years, with a mean of 47.6 years.

RESULTSThe mean duration of the TICVP system was (242 ± 12) days, ranging from 9 to 1 243 days. The achievement rate of puncture in the right jugular vein (99.76%) was the highest. Sonographic approach using the internal jugular vein were better than the external landmark-guided technique (99.80% vs. 96.34%, χ² = 29.905, P = 0.000). The rate of immediate complication was 0.80%, which included pneumothorax, hemothorax, lymphatic fistula and thrombosis. Early complications rate was 0.10%, which included pocket hematoma, catheter migration, venous thrombosis, port pocket infection, fibrin sheath formation. Late complications rate was 7.87%, which included catheter fracture, pinch-off syndrome, catheter-related bloodstream infection, fibrin sheath formation, catheter migration, extravasation, port inversion and port reveal. The rate of removal due to complications was 1.34% (27/2 007), and the early complication was higher (χ² = 8.053, P = 0.011).

CONCLUSIONSThe low incidence of complications suggests that TICVP is safe and reliable for long term intermittent venous access. The results support the use of TICVP in the oncology patients and patients requiring long-term intravenous therapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Catheterization, Peripheral ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostheses and Implants ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult