Objective To study the effect and safety of spinal-epidural anesthesia(CSEA) and epidural anesthesia(EA) in the surgery of the elderly patients over age of 75.Methods 96 elderly patients over the age of 75 with lower limb surgery and the ASA Ⅱ ～ Ⅲ grade were randomly divided into two groups according to the anesthesia method.The study group(48 cases) was treated with CSEA and the control group(48 cases) was given EA.The heart rate (HR),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),oxygen saturation (SpO2) before anesthesia (T0),after anesthesia(T1),after the beginning of surgery(T2) and the end of the surgery(T3) were recorded.And the onset time,block perfect time,anesthetic effect and adverse reaction were observed.Results The HR,SBP,DBP,and SpO2 between the two groups and within the two groups had no statistically significant differences (P ＞ 0.05) ;the onset time and complete block time of anesthesia of the study group were significantly shorter than the control group (P ＜ 0.05),the anesthetic effect of the study group was significantly better than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reactions had no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion CSEA has rapid onset of anesthetic and the anesthetic effect is good,it has few adverse reactions for elderly patients with lower limb surgery,and it is safe and effective,which is worth to be promoted and popularized in clinical.

Objective To observe and compare the efficacy and safety of chloroprocaine and ropivacaine for epidural labor analgesia.Methods 86 cases of voluntary acceptance of maternal painless natural childbirth were selected in the study.43 cases were given chloroprocaine epidural analgesia (chloroprocaine group),and the other 43 cases were given ropivacaine epidural analgesia (ropivacaine group).The pain (VAS score),lower limb motor block degree(MBS score),fetal heart rate(FHR) and contractions duration of maternal prenatal and medication immediately after 10min,20min,40min,80min were compared between two groups.The first,second and third stage of labor and fetal output after 1 min,5min,10min Apgar score were compared.The incidence of adverse events were observed.Results In the chloroprocaine group,the 10min VAS score was (2.10 ± 1.02),which was significantly lower than (4.31 ± 1.13) in the ropivacaine group (t =4.565,P ＜ 0.05).In the chloroprocaine group,analgesia 20min MBS score was (0.24 ± 0.03),which was significantly higher than (0.11 ± 0.04) in the ropivacaine group (t =4.126,P ＜ 0.05).In the chloroprocaine group,4 cases occurred nerve injury,which was more than the ropivacaine group (1 case),the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.263,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Chloroprocaine and ropivacaine for epidural labor analgesia have superior efficacy and the clinical efficacy is similar.Chloroprocaine has the advantage of quick results,but the medication about 20min time period that the drug might lead to a greater degree of lower limb motor block,and has the risk of nerve injury,pregnant women can choose according to their medication.

Objective To examine the localization of neurokinin B receptor (NK3)\|like immunoreactivity (\|LI) in the central nervous system of the mouse. Methods An immunohistochemcial staining method was used. Results NK3 receptor\|LI was localized in somatic and dendritic profiles in the most parts and in neuropil in a few regions of the mouse central nervous system. A large number of neurons with NK3\|LI was seen in the anterior olfactory nuclei, accumbens nucleus, septal area, ventral pallidum, pallidum, caudate putamen, nucleus of the stria terminalis, anterior hypothalamic area, tuber cincreum area, lateral hypothalamic area, perifornical nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, mammillar nuclei, substatia nigra, ventral tegmental area, retrorubral area, superior and inferior colliculus, periaqueductal gray, nucleus of the solitary tract, and superficial layers of the medullary and spinal dorsal horns. The superfical layers of the cerebral cortex, piriform cortex, dorsal hippocampus, amygdal complex, reticular formation of the brainstem contained some neurons with NK3 receptor\|LI. In the ventral hippocampus, median and intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus and interpeduncular nuclei, NKR\|LI was localized in neuropil. Conclusion\ Neurons with NK3 receptor\|LI were widely distributed in the central nervous system. It may be involved in many physiological functions in the central nervous system of the mouse.\;[

Objective To investigate the value of CT findings in predicting the need for surgery in patients with small bowel obstruction (SBO).Methods Seventy patients with SBO were classified into non-operation and surgery groups according to the clinical treatment.The CT findings were retrospectively compared between the two groups,and the predictive value for surgery of useful CT findings was analyzed.Results Thirty three of 70 patients were cured with non-operative treatment and other 37 with surgery.The incidences of complete collapse of transitional zone,mesenteric edema,ascites,engorgement of mesenteric veins,decreased enhancement of bowel wall,decreased enhancement of mesenteric arteries and veins in surgery group were statistically higher than those in non-operation group,with odds ratios for surgery of 10.56,5.13,4.72,5.45,5.77,3.02 and 6.59,respectively.The diameter of dilated bowel,bowel wall thickness,and the incidence of target sign,intestinal pneumatosis,displacement,convergence and tortuosity of mesenteric vasculatures were not statistically different between the two groups.Conclusion Multiple CT findings of SBO are useful to predict the need for surgery,and may provide important information for clinical management of SBO.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) in mediating inhibitory effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity in gastric cancer cells.

METHODSTransient transfection and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay, Nort hern blot, gene transfection, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and anchorage independent growth assay were used.

RESULTSTransient transfection of RARbeta expression vector into MKN-45 cells resulted in the RARbeta concentration dependent repression of AP-1 activity induced by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), regardless of the presence of ATRA. When the c-jun and c-fos expression vectors were cotransfected with the RARbeta expression vector into MKN-45 cells, AP-1 activity was also obviously repressed. The inhibitory effect, again, was RARbeta-concentration-dependent. The stable transfection of the RARbeta gene into MKN-45 cells led to cell growth inhibition and colony formation inhibition by ATRA. Furthermore, Cotransfection of both RARbeta/DNA binding domain (DBD) and reporter gene could not alter AP-1 activity, even in the presence of ATRA.However, when the cotransfection was substituted with the RARbeta/ligand binding domain (LBD), the inhibition was significantly enhanced by ATRA.

CONCLUSIONRARbeta might be required for anti-AP-1 activity, and contribute to growth inhibition of gastric cancer cells by ATRA.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; DNA ; metabolism ; Humans ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid ; chemistry ; physiology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Tretinoin ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of functional dyspepsia (FD) and the psychological disorders in Chinese population and their relation.

METHODSA total of 1016 apparently healthy people (study population) randomly selected from population were interviewed. A general questionnaire, Zung self-rating depression scales (SDS), and anxiety scales (SAS) were given to each subject. Seventy-two inpatients with confirmed diagnosis of FD, 84 with organic dyspepsia, and 197 with other organic diseases were also studied.

RESULTSAmong the study population, 23.5% had FD and 9. 1% had disturbances of depression and/or anxiety. The prevalence of psychological disturbances in FD group (15.5%) differed significantly from that in non-FD group (7.1%, P < 0.01 ) . In the survey of inpatients, the rate of depression/anxiety in FD group (54.2%) was greater than that in organic dyspepsia group (19.0%) and other organic diseases group (28.9%), P < 0.05, and was also significantly higher than that of the FD cases in the study population (15.5%), P < 0.01. Further analysis showed that some psychosocial disturbances were risk factors of FD.

CONCLUSIONBoth FD and depression/anxiety disturbances are common in China, and there is a link between them.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anxiety ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Depression ; epidemiology ; Dyspepsia ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mood Disorders ; epidemiology ; Prevalence

Memantine is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist clinically approved for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) to improve cognitive functions. There is no report about the proteomic alterations induced by memantine in AD mouse model yet. In this study, we investigated the protein profiles in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex of AD-related transgenic mouse model (3×Tg-AD) treated with memantine. Mice (8-month) were treated with memantine (5 mg/kg/bid) for 4 months followed by behavioral and molecular evaluation. Using step-down passive avoidance (SDA) test, novel object recognition (NOR) test and Morris water maze (MWM) test, it was observed that memantine significantly improved learning and memory retention in 3xTg-AD mice. By using quantitative proteomic analysis, 3301 and 3140 proteins in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex respectively were identified to be associated with AD abnormalities. In the hippocampus, memantine significantly altered the expression levels of 233 proteins, among which PCNT, ATAXIN2, TNIK, and NOL3 were up-regulated, and FLNA, MARK 2 and BRAF were down-regulated. In the cerebral cortex, memantine significantly altered the expression levels of 342 proteins, among which PCNT, PMPCB, CRK, and MBP were up-regulated, and DNM2, BRAF, TAGLN 2 and FRY1 were down-regulated. Further analysis with bioinformatics showed that memantine modulated biological pathways associated with cytoskeleton and ErbB signaling in the hippocampus, and modulated biological pathways associated with axon guidance, ribosome, cytoskeleton, calcium and MAPK signaling in the cerebral cortex. Our data indicate that memantine induces higher levels of proteomic alterations in the cerebral cortex than in the hippocampus, suggesting memantine affects various brain regions in different manners. Our study provides a novel view on the complexity of protein responses induced by memantine in the brain of AD.
Alzheimer Disease ; Animals ; Axons ; Brain ; Calcium ; Cerebral Cortex ; Cognition ; Computational Biology ; Cytoskeleton ; Hippocampus ; Learning ; Memantine ; Memory ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; N-Methylaspartate ; Proteome ; Ribosomes ; Water