Objective:To optimize the extraction process for the total alkaloids of Longzuan Tongbi Fang by central composite design and response surface method.Methods:The independent variables were the ethanol contention,solvent consumption and extraction time,and the dependent variable was the weighted overall desirability of the content of total alkaloids and kukoline.The extraction process for the total alkaloids of Longzuan Tongbi Fang was optimized by central composite design and response surface method.Results:The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:9-fold amount of solvent was used,refluxed for 130 min,extracted twice,and the ethanol concentration was 75%.Conclusion:The central composite design and response surface method used for the extraction optimization for the total alkaloids of Longzuan Tongbi Fang is very simple and highly predictive.

Objective To investigate early renal damage of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and the risk factors related to their renal function. Methods CHB patients who visited the second people’s hospital but did not receive systemic treatment were enrolled in our study. Those who visited for general check-up with no hepatic findings during the same period were selected as control group. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of all the participants were estimated by simplified MDRD equation and CKD-EPI equation (designated as M-eGFR and C-eGFR respectively). Influence factors of eGFR were statistically analyzed. Results In the total 528 cases in CHB group, 88 (16.67%) and 62 (11.74%) suffered declined M-eGFR and C-eGFR respectively. By contrast, 10 (8.77%) and 6 (5.26%) cases in the total 114 cases in control group present declined M-eGFR and C-eGFR ac?cordingly. Percentages of renal function impairment, estimated by both M-eGFR and C-eGFR, were higher in the CHB group than those in control group. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.518, P<0.05;χ2=4.156, P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that age, HBsAg and body mass index (BMI) were risk factors of M-eGFR while age, HBsAg, gender and serum albumin were risk factors of C-eGFR. On the other hand, HBV-DNA and HBeAg were not risk factors for M-eGFR or C-eGFR. Conclusion HBV infection can lead to early renal damage. Age and HBsAg are main risk factors of renal function impairment. Therefore, renal function should be scrutinized in CHB patients.

ObjectiveTo explore the association between hepatic steatosis and the liver tissue expression of HBsAg and HBcAg in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.MethodsFrom January 2005 to June 2008,a total of 147 CHB patients with hepatic steatosis diagnosed by liver biopsy and other 149 CHB patients without hepatic steatosis but with similar HBV DNA titer were enrolled.The differences of HBsAg and HBcAg immunostaining and liver injury in these two groups were compared.The data were analysed using t test and chi square test.ResultsCompared with non-steatosis group,the average age and body weight index of hepatic steatosis group were higher (t values were -3.31and -6.57,both P＜0.01).The percentage of moderate to severe hepatic inflammation in liver,obvious hepatic fibrosis and the strong positive HBsAg staining was lower (30.6％ vs 15.4％ ； 26.5％vs 12.8％； 23.1 ％ vs 6.7 ％； x2=9.63,8.92,15.76； all P＜0.01),and the percentage of strong positive HBcAg staining was also in downtrend.Compared with degree F1 and F2 of liver steatosis,the percentage of HBsAg and HBcAg strong positive staining in liver tissues of degree F3 and F4 was in downtrend.ConclusionsHepatic steatosis affected the expression of HBsAg and HBcAg in liver tissue of CHB patients.As hepatic steatosis appeared and became more severe,both expression of HBsAg and HBcAg and the degree of liver injury were in downtrend.

Objective To explore the clinical and pathological characters of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in combination with hepatic steatosis in the elderly.Methods Totally 223 elderly patients with CHB and hepatic steatosis diagnosed by liver biopsy were retrospectively analyzed and 220 nonelderly patients with CHB and hepatic steatosis were randomly selected as control group.Clinical and pathological features and change in liver histology were compared between the two groups.Results The incidences of hypertension,coronary heart disease,type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome were increased in elderly groups (all P＜0.01 or 0.05),while the proportion of patients with hyperlipemia and obesity were decreased as compared with non-elderly group (both P＜0.01).The levels of body mass index,serum triglyceride and HBV-DNA were lower in elderly group than in non-elderly group (all P＜0.01).The ratio of mild degree of CHB was elevated in elderly group as compared with non-elderly group (P＜0.05).Liver histopathological examination showed that the proportion of patients with the inflammation grade less than G2 and fibrotic stages exceeding S2 were increased,while the positive rate of HBcAg by immunohistochemistry was reduced in elderly group as compared with non-elderly group (both P＜0.05).Conclusions The degree of inflammatory liver injury and inflammation grade are slighter,but the fibrotic stage is more serious in elderly patient with CHB and hepatic steatosis,which indicating a slower progress of liver injury.It is still to be investigated whether metabolic syndrome,hypertension,coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus are easily complicated in elderly patient with CHB and hepatic steatosis.The serum hepatitis B virus DNA replication may be negatively correlated with ageing.

Objective This study is to explore the differences in the curative effect of intra -abdominal infusion between Recombinant mutant human tumor necrosis factor and Dendritic cell -Cytokine induced killer . Methods We selected 48 advanced gastric cancer patients with ascites .Those patients were randomized into two groups:DC-CIK group and rmhTNF group .After one month treatment ,we observed the adverse events both two groups,and evaluated the clinical beneficial responses ,the responsive rate ,the tumor indicators′level,the immune indexes and the time of tumor progression .Results In the DC-CIK group,the RR and the CBR were 83.3%and 66.67%,respectively;while in the rmhTNF group,they were 58.33%and 75%,respectively.The difference between two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).Only CA724 decreased after treatment in two groups (P=0.015).There were no significant differences of tumor markers between the two groups before and after treatment(P>0.05).The ratios of CD3 +、CD4 +、NK cells distinctly increased after treatment (P<0.05),but the ratio of CD8 +cell was no obvious difference in DC -CIK group(P=0.551);The ratio of NK cells increased obviously after treatment(P=0.027),but the ratios of CD3 +and CD4+were similar as previous in rmhTNF group(P>0.05).One year follow-up of the time to progression(TTP)was 7.1 months in DC-CIK group,and 5.8 months in TNF group,which was statistically significant (P=0.02).Conclusion Both rmhTNF and DC-CIK can improve the efficacy for the patients with malignant ascites caused by gastric cancer .However ,DC-CIK immunotherapy shows better active effect on improvement of specific immune function .

Objective To detect the level of serum fragmented cytokeratin 18 (CK-18 M30) in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), to explore the relationship between the expression of CK-18 M30 and NASH. Methods 33 healthy people as control group, 24 nonalcoholic simple fatty liver (NAFL) patients, and 21 NASH patients were included in this study. CK-18 M30, ALT, AST and GGT were detected in all patients’ vein blood. NAFLD activity points (NAS) was examined in biopsy specimens of NAFL patients and NASH patients. Pearson correlation was applied to analyze the correlations between serum CK-18 M30, ALT, AST, GGT and the NAS of liver tissue in NASH group. Results Serum CK-18 M30 level of healthy control, NAFL and NASH group were (96.557 2 ± 41.226 8)U/L, (104.321 7 ± 45.167 3)U/L, (263.125 5 ± 61.578 1)U/L respectively. Serum CK-18 M30 level in NASH patients positively correlated with both NAS of liver tissue and serum ALT, which correlation coefficient r values were 0.601 5 and 0.420 6. Conclusion The concentration of serum CK-18 M30 could be used as a marker in the diagnosis of NASH.

AIM: To observe effect of Diyu Shengbai Tablet on preventive treatment for interferon-induced leu-kopenia. METHODS: One hundred and twelve patients with chronic hepatitis B treated by IFN were randomly as-signed into two groups, and they were respectively treated with Diyu Shengbai Tablet and Leucogen for 7 days before treatment by IFN. The leukocyte count of each group was done in 3 days,7 days, 10 days, 14 days,28 days after treatment by IFN. Comparison was made on the value of leukocytes between two preventive treatment groups. RE-SULTS: In the third day after treatment by IFN the value of ANC were(1.91±0.56)×10~9/L, (1.48±0.55)× 10~9/L respectively. The value of leukocytes were (3.91±0.33)×10~9/L, (3.16±0.49)×10~9/L respectively. They had the statistical difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Diyu Shengbai Tablet has an effect on preventing lekopenia induced by IFN, and it is a safe, cheap and convenient drug to treat leucopenia by IFN.

Objective:To investigate the prognosis and outcome of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) related cirrhosis after achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) treated with direct-acting antiviral agent (DAA).Methods:Ninety-five patients diagnosed with CHC related cirrhosis who had complete data in Tianjin Second People′s Hospital from January 2014 to June 2017 were retrospectively followed up. Among them, 72 patients were treated with DAA and all of them achieved SVR, and the other 23 patients did not receive any antiviral therapy. The differences of mortality and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between DAA treatment group and non-antiviral treatment group were compared. Statistical analysis was performed by independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test. Results:At the end of follow-up for three to 71 months, patients in DAA treatment group had a significant improvements in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin and liver stiffness measurement compared with those before treatment (42(23, 61) U/L vs 18(13, 28) U/L, 54(37, 75) U/L vs 23(18, 28) U/L, 39(33, 42) g/L vs 45(41, 48) g/L, 26(18, 37) kPa vs 15(11, 26) kPa, respectively, Z=-6.005, -7.008, -6.057 and -3.162, respectively, all P<0.01). However, there were no significant differences in incidence of HCC (12%(9/72) vs 17%(4/23)) and mortality (3%(2/72) vs 13%(3/23)) between the DAA treatment group and non-antiviral treatment group (both P>0.05). There was no significant difference of cumulative incidence of HCC in DAA treatment group compared with non-antiviral treatment group ( P=0.609). The age of patients progressed to HCC was older than those without HCC ((60.3±3.6) years vs (54.4±9.9) years, t=-3.948, P<0.01). In subgroup analysis, among the six patients with HCC, four had diabetes, the prevalence of diabetes in the patients without HCC was 17%(7/42); the level of fasting blood glucose (FBG) ((7.3±1.9) mmol/L vs (5.9±1.1) mmol/L) were higher in patients progressed to HCC than those without HCC in DAA treatment group with compensated cirrhosis ( χ2=7.430 and t=-2.442, respectively, both P=0.019). Conclusions:DAA treatment could notably improve liver function and alleviate liver fibrosis, but could not reduce the mortality and incidence of HCC in patients with CHC related cirrhosis significantly. Diabetes and high level FBG may be the risk factors for occurrence of HCC in patients with CHC related compensated cirrhosis.

Objective To evaluate the significance of serum 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine acid ( 8-OHdG) in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( NASH).Methods Patients or healthy subjects were enrolled at the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University and the Second People ′s Hospital of Tianjin from May 2013 to December 2015.A total of 41 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were enrolled in the study , including 20 nonalcoholic simple fatty liver ( NAFL) patients and 21 NASH patients whose diagnosis were proven by liver biopsy.The other 32 healthy subjects were studied as controls.Serum 8-OHdG, ALT, AST and GGT were tested.Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score ( NAS ) and expression of 8-OHdG in liver was investigated between NAFL patients and NASH patients.The correlations between serum 8-OHdG and serum ALT , AST, GGT, and 8-OHdG in liver tissue in NASH group were investigated.In addition , the receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) curve analyses for ALT and 8-OHdG levels were performed in NAFL patients and NASH patients , and the cut-off value was determined.Results Serum 8-OHdG values in healthy controls , NAFL and NASH patients were (0.19 ±0.16) μg/L, (0.22 ±0.16) μg/L, (0.42 ±0.21) μg/L respectively.The serum 8-OHdG and serum ALT, GGT and 8-OHdG in liver tissue were all positively correlated in NASH group with respective correlation coefficient r values as 0.454 7, 0.382 9, and 0.497 6.AUC of 8-OHdG was 0.901 with cut-off value 0.39 μg/L.Its sensitivity was 88.3%and specificity was 81.5%, which were higher than those of ALT.Conclusion The value of serum 8-OHdG would be used as a marker for the diagnosis of NASH.

Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; diagnosis ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; diagnosis