Objective To investigate risky factors,and predictability of portal vein thrombsis in patients with portal hypertension caused by hepatic cirrhosis after spleenectomy and portaazygous devascularization. Methods Between Jan 2004 to Nov 2009,clinical data of 27 patients suffering from postoperative PVT were compared with 37 patients admitted during the same period without postoperative PVT. Results There were 4 factors proved to be risk factors for PVT.Perioperative peripheral platelet count (postoperative to preoperative) 、D-dimer、the whole blood viscosity and the blood flow of portal vein postoperatively.The right predictive rate of PVT was 87.3%. Conclusion The risk factors of PVT are the ratio of platelets、D-dimer、the whole blood viscosity and the blood flow of portal vein postoperatively.By this method it is probable that postoperative PVT is predictable.

Objective To investigate the association of AcrAB-tolC efflux pump and marA-soxS-rob regulon with ciprofloxacin-resistance in Shigella flexneri isolates.Methods Forty five strains of Shigella flexneri were isolated in stool samples collected from outpatient diarrhea clinics in Tianjin from 2009 to 2013.The antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria was analyzed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.Ten ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella flexneri isolates and 10 ciprofloxacin-sensitive isolates were randomly selected.The gyrA and parC genes,plasmid mediated quinolone resistant (PMQR) determinants,efflux pump genes (acrA,acrB) and regulation genes (marA,soxS,rob) were screened and sequenced.Minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) of the strains were determined before and after efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) was added.The expression of acrA,acrB,marA,soxS and rob genes in ciprofloxacin-resistant and ciprofloxacin-sensitive strains was detected by realtime fluorescence quantitative RCR (RT-PCR),and the differences of expression were evaluated using t test.Results Both gyrA and parC mutations were detected in all ciprofloxacin-resistant strains; qnrS1 was positive in ciprofloxacin-resistant strain CR2 and aac(6')-Ib-cr was positive in ciprofloxacin-resistant strain CR5.Efflux pump genes and regulation genes were not detected in ciprofloxacin-sensitive strains,while soxRS mutation was detected in all ciprofloxacin-resistant strains except CR10.MICs of quinolones in ciprofloxacin-resistant strains decreased to one-fourth or one-eighth when CCCP added,while not changed or only decreased to one-half in ciprofloxacin-sensitive strains.Expressions of acrA,acrB,marA and soxS were significantly higher in ciprofloxacin-resistant strains than those in ciprofloxacin-sensitive strains (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Efflux pump may involve in the high-level ciprofloxacin resistance in Shigella flexneri through activating transcription of efflux pump genes by marA-soxS-rob regulon,in which soxRS mutation may play an important role.

Objective To analyze the patients with the portal hypertension.Methods We analyzed 121 cases with gallbladder pathologic changes from 391 cases with portal hypertension.Results Among 391 cases,52.1% were posthepatitic type, 24.8% were composites type,4.1% were ethanol type,4.1% were bile type,11.5% were bilharziasis type,1.7% were latent type,1.7% were peculiar type;81 cases were proved with gallbladder wall thicker and rougher, double shadow or cholecysitis,14 cases were proved cholestatis sludge,51 cases with gallbladder stones or single stone,5 cases with gallbladder polyps,5 cases with gallbladder wither, 7 cases with choledocholiths.Conclusion Portal hypertention,insufficient hepatic function, ascites and hypersplenism are the main causes of cholecystis pathologic changes in patients with portal hypertension.

AIM To evaluate the prevention and treatment of N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine sodium (MPG-Na) and tiopronin (MPG) on acute liver injury. METHODS The experimental mouse model of hepatotoxicity induced by D-galactosamine (Gal) was applied to investigate preventive and remedial effects. In the preventive experiment, the mice were ip administered with MPG-Na or MPG 37.5，75 and 150 mg·kg~(-1), respectively, for 7 d. Gal 800 mg·kg~(-1) was ip given into the mice 30 min after the last administration. In the remedial experiment, the mice were ip given Gal 800 mg·kg~(-1) and 30 min later followed by MPG-Na or MPG 37.5, 75 and 150 mg·kg~(-1) , respectively, for 2 d. The mice were euthanized and serum was prepared 24 h (pre-treatment) or 48 h (post-treatment) after Gal injection. The activities of serum glutamyl pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamyl oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), the contents of total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb), and the Alb/globulin (A/G) ratio were determined. The liver tissues were collected for histopathological assessment (HE staining) under light microscope. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, the activities of serum GPT and GOT in model group were significantly increased. The injuries such as fatty degeneration and liver cell necrosis were observed. Compared with model group, the activities of GPT and GOT in pre-treatment groups were obviously decreased in MPG-Na 150 mg·kg~(-1) group. In post-treatment groups, the activity of GPT decreased in 3 MPG-Na groups. The contents of TP, Alb and A/G ratio had little change. In addition, MPG-Na alleviated the injuries such as fatty degeneration and liver cell necrosis obviously. Compared with MPG, MPG-Na showed similar effect. CONCLUSION MPG-Na has an obvious protective effect against Gal-induced acute liver injury in mice and the efficiency is equivalent as MPG.

Objective To study the risk factors for spontaneous rupture of primary hepatic carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 31 patients with spontaneous rupture of primary hepatic cancer admitted to our hospital from Jan 1999 to Dec.2008 were retrospectively analyzed,and compared with 31 randomly selected concurrent patients without rapture of HCC.Results Three factors were shown to be the risk factors for spontaneous rupture of primary hepatic carcinoma.Those were APTT,HBeAg and the greatest height of tumor protrusion above the surface of liver.Conclusions APTT,HBeAg and the greatest height of tumor protrusion above the surface of liver are risk factors for spontaneous rupture of primary hepatic carcinoma.

This paper introduces the nursing care of two children with type 1 diabetes during continuous glucose monitoring. In addition to psychological care,diet instruction and insulin therapy,the nurses actively communicated with the children and their parents,introduced the principle and advantages of continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) to promote the children and parents to cooperate with the medical staff. Moreover,the insert site of CGMS was changed from inferior abdomen to up-per lateral buttock according to the physiological character of children. As a result,the CGMS was completed successfully in the 2 eases,which provided reliable reference for the regulation of treatment plan.

To investigate the relationship between serum glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD-Ab)titer and the first-phase insulin release (1PH)in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. 1053 newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were divided into 3 groups, including 71 individuals with GAD-Ab≥1 U/ml (positive group), 171 individuals with GAD-Ab ranging from 0 to 1 U/ml (negative-1 group), and 811 individuals with GAD-Ab=0 (negative-2 group). IPH was evaluated by arginine stimulation test. In the patients of negative-2, negative-1, and positive groups, the respective values of 1 PH were subsequently decreased significantly (P< 0. 01) , and the detection rates of the decreased insulin secretion were 74. 85%, 87. 13%, and 100%, respectively. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that disease duration, GAD-Ab titer, HbA_1C, and body mass index were the major independent contributing factors. The titer of GAD-Ab has an important impact on 1PH defect in type 2 diabetic patient. Detection of GAD-Ab not only provides an evidence for clinical type, but would also be helpful in determining the islet β-cell function.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms underlying neuroprotection of silent information regulation 2 homolog 3 ( SIRT3 ) against hypoxia via preconditioning.Methods PG12 cells were randomly divided into control,hypoxic preconditioning ( Hyp),Hyp with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and OGD.MTT assay and DAPI staining were used to evaluate cellular viability.MitoSOX Red was used to measure the production of mitochondrial superoxide.The protein expression of SIRT3,PGC-1α and MnSOD were assessed by Western blot.Recombinant SIRT3 was also given to further investigate its roles in hypoxic preconditioning.Results The preconditioned PC12 cells had a higher survival rate.When expressed as a percentage of the control group,MTT values following 6 h OGD were around 51.0% in the OGD group but around 74.7% in the Hyp + OGD group ( F = 56,P ＜ 0.01).Mitochondrial ROS after Hyp was less than the OGD group.Both Hyp + OGD and OGD increased the expression of SIRT3,PGC-1α and MnSOD proteins,and these increases were greater after Hyp + OGD.Similarly,the application of recombinant SIRT3 to OGD also further increased the expression of these proteins.Conclusions Hypoxic preconditioning can protect PC12 cells against hypoxic injury.One possible mechanism of hypoxic preconditioning is via SIRT3 to upregulate PGC-la and,in turn,MnSOD to reduce generation of ROS.

Objective To evaluate the morphological changes of sural nerve in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by hyperfrequency ultrasound.Methods Fifty-six sural nerves of symptomatic group,64 sural nerves of asymptomatic group,and 60 sural nerves of control group were identified by 22 MHz Ultrasound.The thickness/width (T/W) ratio,cross-sectional areas (CSA) and the maximum thickness of neuronal fascicles (MT) of the sural nerve were calculated in transverse sonograms.Results ①Ultrasound can clearly show these structures of sural nerve such as epineurium,perineurium and nerve bundles and so on.②In symptomatic group,asymptomatic group and control group,T/W ratio and MT were gradually increased,and the differences among the three groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Whereas,there were no statistically significant differences in CSA among the three groups (P=0.257).Conclusions22 MHz ultrasound may be a valuable tool in evaluating the diabetic cutaneous nerve neuropathy

Objective To investigate the role of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump in fluoroquinolones resistance by Shigella. spp and to explore the significance of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump on mutation of acrR, soxS and marOR as well as on drug re?sistence. Methods Drug resistant bacteria were selected by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. After addition of efflux pump inhibitor carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), change of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)s of nilidixic acid, Levofloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin were examined. The DNA binding region of acrA, acrB, soxS, acrR and marOR gene in these mutants were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Results Among the 159 clinical isolates of Shigella,11 strains are resistant to fluoroquinolone. After the addition of CCCP, MICs of 2 fluoroquinolone resistant strains decreased; the MICs of 7 fluoroquinolone resistant strains did not change; MICs of 2 fluoroquinolone resistant strains in?creased. The corresponding nucleotides C, A, T, T on the 36th to 39th of marOR gene were missing, showing by sequencing, in fluoroquinolone resistent strains which might be regulated by the efflux pump gene AcrAB-TolC. Conclusion Efflux pump inhibitor could restrain the activity of efflux partially. The mutations of marOR might play an important role in fluoroquino?lone resistent by shigella.