BACKGROUND:The purpose of the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis is to reconstruct the spine sequence and vertebral stability, relieve nerve compression, and achieve permanent lumbar fusion.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the restore of vertebral stability of the lumbar spondylolisthesis patients after lumbar fusion and implant internal fixation.
METHODS:The lumbar spondylolisthesis was often divided into dysplastic, isthmic, degenerative, traumatic and pathological with Wiltse classification. The slip degree of upper vertebra relative to lower vertebra on the lumbar X-ray film was divided into five grades, and then the appropriate treatment method was selected according to the classification, grading and specific circumstances of the lumbar spondylolisthesis patients.
RESUTLS AND CONCLUSION:The strong fusion and internal fixation and the rigid connection between
implants and vertebra are often used to stabilize the spine and correct deformities with high bone fusion rate, thus reducing pseudoarticulation formation. Dynamic fusion and internal fixation can distribute the load conduction of rigid internal fixation with elastic material or micro-devices, thus reducing stress shielding and adjacent segment stress concentration. Dynamic non-fusion and internal fixation can change the load transfer mode of spinal
motion segment, inhibit spinal movement and prevent adjacent segment degeneration, in order to make the instable lumbar spine reach its normal activity characteristics, and achieve dynamic reconstruction of lumbar sequence. Lumbar isthmus defects directly repaired with graft is suitable for the young adult with the
symptoms of lumbar spondylolisthesis and without degenerative disc disease. There is no consistent option on which materials and position is suitable for graft in the lumbar spondylolisthesis patients, as wel as which methods for fusion and implant internal fixation can achieve ideal effect.

BACKGROUND:After articular cartilage injury, the injured cartilage almost has no self-healing ability. Articular cartilage injury repair has been always a difficulty in clinical work.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the types and biological characteristics of stem cels for articular cartilage repair and to ensure the role and relative merits of stem cel transplantation in articular cartilage repair.
METHODS:PubMed and CNKI were retrieved by the first author for relevant articles published from 1998 to 2015 using the keywords of “articular cartilage injury, mesenchymal stem cels, regeneration” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finaly, 47 articles were included in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Stem cel therapy is the most effective method for repair of articular cartilage injury. Mesenchymal stem cels from bone marrow, adipose and umbilical cord have strong chondrogenic and cloning capacities. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels have a stronger differentiation potential, and can be used for repair of cartilage injury. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cels have a low tumorigenicity. Adipose-derived stem cels can proliferate and grow faster. Stem cels combined with natural carrier materials, such as colagen, gelatin, fibrin and alginate, can promote cel adhesion, differentiation and proliferation, in order to build an effective tissue engineered cartilage for repair of articular cartilage defects.

Purpose To investigate the diagnostic value of fetal echocardiography in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC),and to analyze the reasons ofmisdiagnosis so as to improve accuracy of prenatal diagnosis.Materials and Methods The prenatal echocardiographic data of 24 cases of TAPVC confirmed by postnatal echocardiography and prenatal MRI from October 2001 to December 2015 in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University and Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine were retrospectively analyzed.Results In 24 cases,there were 14 fetuses of supracardiac type,7 cases of intracardiac type,2 cases of infracardiac type,and 1 case of mixed type.15 fetuses had TAPVC only,whereas 9 cases were associated with other cardiovascular anomalies,most commonly including bilateral right atria,single atrium,single ventricle,common atrioventricular valve and pulmonary stenosis.On 4-chamber views,the common sonographic sign was absent of pulmonary venous return to the left atrium in 24 cases (100.0％),and the presence of venous confluence between left atrium and descending aorta was observed in 22 cases (91.7％).In all 24 cases,1 case was missed diagnosis,and 3 cases were misdiagnosed as persistent left superior vena cava,common pulmonary vein atresia and patent left atrial cardinal vein.Conclusion TAPVC can be accurately diagnosed by fetal echocardiography,but it is prone to be misdiagnosed.

Objective To investigate the effects of different thickness of cell culture dishes on fluorescent image with confocal microscope.Methods The fluorescent staining experiments of live cells and fixed cells were used to determine the differences among three dishes with different thickness coverslips of 0.085～0.13 mm,0.13～0.16 mm and 0.16～0.19 mm,while the cell appearance,fluorescence lightness and mean of fluorescence intensity were studied with confocal microscope.Results Demonstrated by the results of cytoskeleton staining experiments,the dish with 0.13～0.16 mm thickness coverslip was the best choice for confocal microscope,the dish with 0.16～0.19 mm thickness coverslip was the second one,the dish with 0.16～0.19 mmthickness coverslip was the last one.ConclusionThe dish with 0.13～0.16 mm thickness coverslip is the best choice for confocal microscope.On this type of dish,the cytoskeleton is unfolding and clear after staining.The intensity of fluorescence is the strongest,and the imaging effect is the best.

Objective To study operative morbidity and mortality of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA) and analyze the correlation between the preoperative or intraoperative risk factors and the morbidity or mortality. Methods Between Jan 1993 and Dec 2001, 120 IAAA cases undergoing surgery were analyzed. Preoperative cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic and renal condition, time of intraoperative aortic clamping as well as emergent operation were taken into account to evaluate the independent determinants of operative morbidity and mortality. Results The operative morbidity was 56.7% and mortality was 10.0%, with the mortality of elective surgery of 5.4% and emergent surgery of 66.7%. Conclusion Preoperative coronary heart disease, hypertention, renal dysfunction and massive blood transfution intra- or postoperatively adversely influenced the postoperative outcome significantly.

BACKGROUND:The endothelial dysfunction is the pathogenesis of arteriosclerotic disease, the quantity and function of endothelial progenitor cells are decreased within the cycle, leading to a poor capacity of neovascularizatio, the efficacy of stem celltransplantation alone is unclear, the combination of cytokines and gene-modified stem cells is the hotspot.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of stromal cel-derived factor-1 on the neovascularization after endothelial progenitor cells transplantation.
METHODS:Unilateral hindlimb ischemia model was established in 20 athymic nude mice, and the mice were randomly divided into four groups:combined group (intravenous endothelial progenitor cells+intramuscular stromal cel-derived factor-1), endothelial progenitor cells group (intravenous injection of endothelial progenitor cells), stromal cel-derived factor-1 group (intramuscular injection of stromal cel-derived factor-1), and blank control group (intramuscular M199). The skin temperature of ischemic hindlimbs and survival of animals after transplantation were observed. The ratio of capil ary/skeletal muscle fiber was counted. The expression of CD31 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase were detected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The fluorescence-labeled endothelial cells were embedded in ischemic hindlimb muscles after celltransplantation. Of the 20 nude mice, two mice died. The rate of ischemic hindlimb reserving was respectively 80%, 75%, 20%and 0 in combined group, endothelial progenitor cells group, stromal cel-derived factor-1 group, and blank control group. The capil ary/muscle fiber ratio in combined group and endothelial progenitor cells group was higher than that of blank control group (P<0.01). The combined group was greater than endothelial progenitor cells group, and endothelial progenitor cells group was greater than stromal cel-derived factor-1 group (P<0.05). The capil ary density in combined group and endothelial progenitor cells group were higher than that in blank control group (P<0.01), and stromal cel-derived factor-1 group was also more than blank control group (P<0.05). The combined group was greater than endothelial progenitor cells group, and endothelial progenitor cells group was greater than stromal cel-derived factor-1 group (P<0.05). The positive rate of endothelial nitric oxide synthase was 73.33%and 53.33%in combined group and endothelial progenitor cells group respectively (P>0.05). Endothelial progenitor cells can migrate to ischemic tissues, endothelial progenitor cells transplantation can promote neovascularization, and stromal cel-derived factor-1 augments the neovascularization after celltransplantation, in which endothelial nitric oxide synthase is involved.

Purpose To investigate the expression of Periostin and VEGF protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue and their significance. Methods Immunohistochemical staining (SP method) was used to detect Periostin and VEGF expression in 130 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 130 cases of normal esophageal mucosa tissues. Results There was a significantly difference between esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and normal esophageal mucoma ( P<0. 05 ) . The expression of Periostin was related to the depth of invasion and the metastasis of lymph node (P<0. 05). A dramatic correlation has been found in the expression of VEGF to the degrees of differentiation, the depth of invasion and the metastasis of lymph node (P<0. 05). The expression of Peri-ostin was also positively correlated with the expression of VEGF (P<0. 05). Follow-up data was available in 66 cases with a range of 1 to 48 months. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed survival rate of Periostin-positive group was significantly lower than that of Perios-tin-negative group (P<0. 05). The survival rate of VEGF-positive group was significantly lower than that of VEGF-negative group (P<0. 05). Conclusion The expression of Periostin has a close relationship with VEGF in the carcinogenesis, combined detection of both Periostin and VEGF can become an objective target to evaluate Potentials of invasion and lymph node metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which has a great significance to the judgment of prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

A cold saponification method for determination of 5 lutein stereoisomers in dairy products by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) was developed. Samples were cold-saponified at room temperature and extracted by n-hexane/petroleum/dichloromethane ( 2: 2: 1 , V/V/V ) . Then 5 lutein stereoisomers were separated on a YMC C30 column with gradient elution using methanol/methyl tert-butyl ether as the mobile phase, and data were acquired by a photodiode array detector at wavelength of 445 nm. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0 . 127-5 . 082 mg/L with correlation coefficient of 0 . 9999 , and the recoveries were from 96 . 7% to 102 . 2% with the RSDs in the range of 4 . 1%-5 . 4% ( n=6 ) . The limit of detection was 0 . 010 μg/g ( S/N=3 ) , and the limit of quantification was 0 . 030 μg/g ( S/N=10 ) . By presenting results of good accuracy, precision and sensitivity, this method validates its suitability for routine analysis of 5 lutein stereoisomers in dairy products.

Objective To compare the distribution of KCNJ11 polymorphisms between elderly Chinese population with and without hypertension. Methods We examined the mutation of KCNJ11 gene by directly sequencing. Data for the present study were obtained from 250 hypertensive subjects (60 to 83 years old) as well as 250 normotensive subjects (60 to 86 years old). Results We found nine different mutations in KCNJ11, including six novel mutations (I131M, L147I, L147V, L147L, Q235H, G245C). None of the novel mutations were found in the normotensive subjects, and all the residues were conserved in other species. These sequence variants in Chinese population indicate the diversity of the human library and the complexity of hypertension. Conclusions The consistent finding of our present study provided a basis for the development of new strategies to diagnosis and treat hypertension in the elderly.

AIM:Panton-Valentine leukocidin(PVL)is a pore-forming toxin secreted by Staphylococcus aureus epidemiologieally associated with the often-lethal necrotizing pneumonia.Until now,the mechanisms of pathogene-sis of PVL leading to the fatal pulmonia remains undefined and also acquired plenty of the toxins is difficult.In the present study，we obtain recombinant staphylococcal F and S components of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin by gene engineering and evaluate its biological activity in vitro,which provides an experimental basis for the further studies of its biological func-tion and its toxicity in pneumonia.METHODS:The full-length of F and S components of PVL gene amplified from the strain of Staphylococcus aureus DNA by hiSh-fidelity PCR was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET22b(+),and the vector was transformed into BL21(DE3)plysS to construct a prokaryotie expression system.The integrity of the opening-reading frame of each construct was verified by DNA sequencing.The recombinant PVL(rPVL)was induced by1.0 mmol/L IPTG.The expressed products were identified by SDS-PAGE and the fusion proteins(6His-LukS-PV and 6His-LukF-PV)were purified from lysates of transfeeted E.coli cells by affinity chromatography on nitrilotriacetic acid columns.The eytolytie activity was tested by incubation of rPVL with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMNs)in vitro.RESULTS:The nueleotide sequence of the cloned PVL gene was the same as that of reported in GenBank.E coli BL21(DE3)plysS containing recombinant vectors grow at 37℃causes some proteins to accumulate as inclusion bodies.while incubation at 30℃led to a significant amount of soluble active proteins which accounted for about 31.7％ of the total bacterial protein.The relative molecular weight showed on SDS-PAGE profile was consistent with the expected value which the LukS-PV protein was about 34 kD.and the LukF-PV protein was about 35 kD.The purified rPVL was obtained and its cytolytic activity to PMNs was demonstrated.CONCLUSION:The genes of 1ukS-PV and lukF-PV are successfully cloned into plasmid pET22b(+)and expressed in E coli respectively.which provide a basis for analyzing the toxicity related to the diseases and further studies about the pathogenesis of PVL.