BACKGROUND: Sand therapy has been shown to exhibit a positive effect on reducing femoral atherosclerosis and inhibiting thrombosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of sand therapy on hemodynamic parameters of different stenosis models of femoral bifurcation through comparing the hemodynamic parameters and wall shear stress in four stenosis models before and after sand therapy. METHODS: The study protocol was performed in strict accordance with the relevant ethical requirements of School of Mechanical Engineering of Xinjiang University. Each participant provided written informed consent. Medical software Mimics10.01, reverse engineering software Geomagic Studio 2012 and three-dimensional CAD software UG8.5 were used to separate and optimize the CT data of a subject’s lower extremities and the geometric model of the femoral artery bifurcation was obtained. According to the classification criteria of vascular stenosis caused by femoral atherosclerotic plaque in the lower extremity, the degree of plaque stenosis on the side wall of the femoral bifurcation tube was set as 0% (normal), 15% (normal), 30% (mild) and 50% (moderate). Computational fluid dynamics method was used for numerical simulation. The Laminar flow model was selected for blood flow before sand therapy, and the standard turbulence model κ-ε was selected for blood flow after sand therapy. Blood flow velocity and wall shear stress were analyzed before and after sand therapy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The maximum blood flow velocity after sand therapy was 0.35-0.45 m/s higher than that before sand therapy. After sand therapy, the wall shear stress at the stenosis was increased by 5-11 Pa compared with that before sand therapy, and the wall shear stress at 50% vascular stenosis rate model reached 41 Pa. These results suggest that the trend of atherosclerotic plaque enlargement is decreased after sand therapy, but patients with 50% (moderate) vascular stenosis have the risk of plaque rupture.

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is an autoimmune disease and its etiology has not yet been clarified. Dysregulated immune responses resulted from complex interactions among genetic factors,intestinal flora and environmental cues have been considered as the etiology of IBD. Recently,the relationship between Th17 cells and IBD has become a hotspot of study,and more and more studies showed that Th17 cells and their related cytokines regulated by intestinal flora contributed to the pathogenesis of IBD. This article reviewed the role of Th17 cells and intestinal flora in the pathogenesis of IBD.

Melamine is a kind of triazine compound and the fluorescence of it can get enhanced in the presence of cationic surfactant in weak alkaline medium. A new fluorescent spectrophotometry based on this principle) has been developed to determine melamine under the optimum conditions such as Tris-HCl buffer solution), pH 8.0 and with CTMAB as sensitizing agent. The linear range, detection limit and relative standard deviation were 25-1000 μg/L, 19 μg/L and 1.6%,respectively. The samples were pretreated according to the solid phase extraction monolithic column to carry out the detection of real milk. This method is simple, rapid and accurate. It can be used to screen and detect the milk samples primarily.

Objective To design a questionnaire on factors that affect diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome for physicians, and determine the retest reliability. Methods The questionnaire was completed after literature review, and 9 experts were invited to revise the questionnaire. Thirty-four physicians filled the questionnaire for pre-test and did it again for re-test 4 weeks later. Kappa value of each question of the questionnaire was calculated. Results Content validity and face validity were assured by experts. Kappa values were over 0.61 in all items, which achieved substantial level. Conclusion The questionnaire designed has fairly good reliability and validity, and can be used in investigation of irritable bowel syndrome for physicians.

Objective To investigate physicians' awareness of diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods Questionnaire was used to investigate awareness of diagnostic criteria for IBS among 782 physicians in 34 hospitals in Shanghai during August 2008. Results Overall, 82. 7 percent (647/782) of physicians surveyed thought they knew or partly knew diagnostic criteria for IBS. More than 70. 0 percent of physicians knew Rome criteria, but less than 25.0 percent knew other criteria. Awareness of current Rome criteria, whether mental symptoms included in it, and its time frame differed significantly among physicians in varied specialties (P ＜ 0. 01 ). Gastroenterologists had more knowledge about Rome criteria than other specialists, but most physicians, including gastroenterologists, did not fully understand its applicability. Conclusions Although gastroenterologists knew more about diagnostic criteria for IBS, their knowledge still needed to be perfected and updated. Awareness of diagnostic criteria for IBS was poor in nongastroenterological physicians and general practitioners knew it to certain extent.

This paper summarized the nursing experience of one infant with right lower limb ischemia caused by amniotic band syndrome. The nursing key points included:careful observation of the infant condition,exposing the wound,raising the affected limb,wound disinfection,and removing necrotic tissues at the surface skin,applying topical drugs for promoting tissue growth and antibiotics,selecting appropriate dressing to provide suitable environment for tissue regeneration;debridement of inguinal skin,dressing change,assessing pain and providing corresponding care during debridement;infection prevention. After 29 days of treatment and careful nursing care,the skin damage was repaired on the right lower limb,swelling subsided,the necrotic tissues at right inguinal region were completely cleared,granulation tissue was formed,and the infant was discharged smoothly.

Assessment mode is a bottleneck in medical education reform nowadays.Although traditional assessment tools,such as written examination,are still widely used in medical education assessments,they have obvious limitations.With the enhancement of requirements in physicians' abilities,assessments on some basic abilities of physicians are still insufficient.The United States and Europe not only focus on the curriculum reform but also the development of appropriate assessment tools,therefore,some new assessment tools are invented.These assessment tools are applicable to the formative assessment and are student-centered,being able to promote the development of education and provide new options for medical education assessments.

Objective To compare clinical outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycle by using fresh and cryopreserved-thawed testicular and epididymal spermatozoa in azoospermic patients.Methods Between September 2006 and May 2007,208 azoospermic patients underwent in vitro fertilization(IVF)were treated in Center of Reproductive Medicine,Peking University Third Hospital.Those couples were divided into two groups based on their wishes,including 171 cases in fresh group and 37 cases in cryopreserved-thawed group.The cryopreserved testicular or epididymal spermatozoa were thawed and recovered before ICSI procedure iu thawed group.The outcomes of ICSI in each group were compared.including clinical outcomes(two pronuclear fertilization,high quality embryo,clinical pregnancy and embryo implantation)and pregnancy outcomes(spontaneous miscarriage,gestational weeks and neonatal birth weight).Results (1),The utilization rate were 92%(23/25)in cryopreserved-thawed testicular spermatozoa and 100%(12/12)in epididymal spermatozoa.(2)Between fresh and cryopreserved-thawed groups,no statistical difference was observed in two pronuclear fertilization rate[62.25%(973/1563)vs.64.53%(282/437),P=0.960],high quality embryo rate[78.9%(768/973)vs.79.1%(223/282),P=0.985],clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer[44.4%(60/135)vs.46.9%(15/32),P:0.688]and embryo implantation rate[29.3%(84/287)vs.33.3%(23/69),P=0.508].(3)No significant difference between flesh and cryopreserved group was found in spontaneous miscarriage rate (11%vs.7%,P＝1.000),gestational weeks(single birth:39.0 weeks vs.38.7 weeks,P:0.538;twins:36.8 weeks vs.36.3 weeks,P=0.571)and birth weight(single birth:3409 g vs.3350 g,P=0.699;twins:2584 g vs.2635 g,P=0.703).Conclusion It suggested that tissue from the azoospermic patients who underwent diagnostic testieular and epididymal biopsy should be eryopreseved for IVF-ET.

Objective To explore the function of infliximab in inducing remission in Crohn's disease and the effect of the inducing remission were followed up. Methods Ten patients with Crohn's disease received a infliximab, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and Azathioprine (AZA) therapy for inducing and maintenance remission. Crohn' s disease activity index (CDAI), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), apartate aminotransferase, (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), conjugated bilirubin, (CB), creatinine (Scr) were evaluated at week 0, 10, 22 and 50. Simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD) were evaluated at week 0, 10 and 50. Adverse reactions were also evaluated. Results At week 10, all patients achieved remission. The indicators of CDAI, CRP, ESR and SES-CD were significantly declined than those at week 0 (P＜0.01). The follow-up was terminated in one patient due to the relapse at week 30. At week 50, the indicators of CDAI, CRP, ESR and SES-CD in six patients a little bit increased compared with those at week 10, but no statistic significant (P=0. 2001、0. 0600、0. 1328、0. 4230 respectively), but significantly declined compared with those at week 0 (P =0.0005、0.0087、0.0054、0. 0163 respectively). No severe adverse reaction was observed in all patients.Conclusions Infliximab showed an exact efficacy in inducing remission in Crohn's disease. And 5-ASA and AZA were effective for maintenance remission in part of the patients after infliximab induced remission.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects the digestive tract, and the prevalence of malnutrition is high. Recently, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been frequently used clinically for nutritional assessment. Aims: To study the nutritional status of hospitalized IBD patients through BIA combined with serological indicators. Methods: Data from hospitalized IBD patients who underwent BIA test at Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University between Jan. and Dec. 2015 were collected retrospectively. In the 198 patients enrolled, 129 were Crohn's disease (CD) and 69 were ulcerative colitis (UC). Serological results, as well as BIA results and related indices were compared between CD and UC patients. Results: The serum vitamin B12 level, body weight and body fat mass were significantly lower in patients with CD than in those with UC (P<0.05), while the prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in CD patients than in UC patients (P<0.05). The serum cholesterol level, body fat percent, body mass index (BMI), fat free mass index (FFMI), body cell mass index (BCMI) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) were significantly lower in male CD patients than in male UC patients (P<0.05), whereas no significant differences in these parameters were observed between female CD and female UC patients (P>0.05). Differences in BMI and BCMI between active CD and CD in remission were insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusions: Among the hospitalized IBD patients, males with CD have worse nutritional status than males with UC. Except for serum vitamin B12, there is no significant difference in nutritional status between female CD and female UC patients. BIA related indices are effective tool for assessment of nutritional status, which may be used as a complement to BMI.