OBJECTIVEThis study aims to investigate the prevalence and distribution of teeth number and morphology abnormalities in Chinese pediatric patients' permanent teeth at the mixed dentition stage by performing panoramic radiographs analysis.

METHODSA total of 4 347 panoramic radiographs of pediatric patients aged 5 years to 15 years who were admitted to the hospitals from September 2011 to September 2013 were reviewed. The presence of teeth number and morphology abnormalities were recorded as follows: congenitally absent teeth, supernumerary teeth, odontoma, microdontia, fused teeth, dilaceations, and cusp deformity. SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe prevalence of teeth number and morphology abnormalities in pediatric patients' permanent teeth was 31.79% (1,382/4,347). The prevalence was higher in males. Significant difference between the genders was observed (P < 0.05). Tooth agenesis, the most frequent dental anomaly (15.00%, 652/4,347), was considerably common in females; supernumerary teeth (12.61%, 548/4,347) followed, which was significantly common in males. Both differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of prevalence of both microdontia and dilacerations were 4.00% (174/4,347) and 2.16% (94/4,347). The prevalence of cusp deformity, odontoma, and fused teeth were relatively low at 0.74% (32/4,347), 0.51% (22/4,347), and 0.39% (17/4,347), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of teeth number and morphology abnormalities in children's permanent teeth at the mixed dentition stage is apparently high. Tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth are the most frequent. Panoramic radiograph is an efficient method for the early diagnosis of teeth number and morphology abnormalities. This method can assist pediatric dentists to formulate treatment plans for children at the appropriate time.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Dentists ; Dentition, Mixed ; Dentition, Permanent ; Female ; Fused Teeth ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Odontoma ; epidemiology ; Patient Care Planning ; Prevalence ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Sex Factors ; Tooth Abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; Tooth, Supernumerary ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology

Purpose To investigate the expression of Periostin and VEGF protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue and their significance. Methods Immunohistochemical staining (SP method) was used to detect Periostin and VEGF expression in 130 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 130 cases of normal esophageal mucosa tissues. Results There was a significantly difference between esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and normal esophageal mucoma ( P<0. 05 ) . The expression of Periostin was related to the depth of invasion and the metastasis of lymph node (P<0. 05). A dramatic correlation has been found in the expression of VEGF to the degrees of differentiation, the depth of invasion and the metastasis of lymph node (P<0. 05). The expression of Peri-ostin was also positively correlated with the expression of VEGF (P<0. 05). Follow-up data was available in 66 cases with a range of 1 to 48 months. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed survival rate of Periostin-positive group was significantly lower than that of Perios-tin-negative group (P<0. 05). The survival rate of VEGF-positive group was significantly lower than that of VEGF-negative group (P<0. 05). Conclusion The expression of Periostin has a close relationship with VEGF in the carcinogenesis, combined detection of both Periostin and VEGF can become an objective target to evaluate Potentials of invasion and lymph node metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which has a great significance to the judgment of prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of event-related potentials(ERPs)P300 in the development of attention cognitive function of school-age children.Methods:A total of 180 school-age children were divided into 3 groups according to their ages (7-8 years old group with 48 cases, 9-10 years old group with 44 cases and 11-12 years old group with 48 cases). All of the participants completed an Oddball task, and their behavioral data, P3a and P3b components of ERPs were analyzed by SPSS 21.0.Results:(1)The differences of hit numbers(49(47.25, 50), 50(49, 50), 50(50, 50) ), correct reaction time((533.37±56.94) ms, (486.91±61.12) ms, (411.55±51.97) ms), and Omission errors (2(1, 4), 2(1, 3), 1(0, 2) ) among the three groups were statistically significant( F/χ 2=20.635, 54.477, 13.169, all P<0.01). (2)There was a main effect of age( F=3.884, P=0.023) and an interaction effect between age and condition( F=3.314, P=0.038) on the amplitude of P3a, while the main effect of condition was not significant( F=0.111, P=0.740). The amplitude of P3a component in 11-12 years old group ((11.02±6.00)μV) was significantly larger than that of 7-8 years old group ((7.36±4.48)μV) and 9-10 years old group ((7.76±5.17)μV, both P<0.05). However, there was no significant interaction effect between age and condition on P3a latency, P3b amplitude and latency ( P>0.05). Conclusion:P3a may be a sensitive indicator of cognitive function in school-age children, and the age of 11-12 years old is a sensitive period for the development of children's attention orientation and selection ability, which may be related to the development of brain network.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of acute kidney injury following coronary artery bypass graft(CABG).Methods Twenty-six patients suffering from acute kidney injury following CABG as the patient group and 59 individuals without impairment of renal function as the control from January 2008 to September 2012 in the First People's Hospital of Yichang according to a retrospective case-control study and nonconditional multivariable Logistic regression analysis method..Results Among the 85 patients undergoing CABG,26 suffered acute kidney injury following CABG with a morbidity rate of 30.59％.Identified risk factors for acute kidney injury following CABG included pre-operative mederale-sever cardiac insufficiency,prolonged mechanical ventilation,prolonged stay in ICU and anemia before surgery.The identified independent risk factor of acute kidney injury following CABG was pre-operative mederale-sever cardiac insufficiency (OR =3.206,95％ CI:1.067-9.631).Condusion Pre-operative mederale-sever cardiac insufficiency was an independent risk factor of acute kidney injury following CABG.

To study the behavior and attention problems in children with obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS),Total 451 children (300 boys and 151 girls) aged ＞5 years with sleep and breathing problems undergoing polysomnography (PSG) monitoring from September 2012 to March 2014 were enrolled in this study.The behavior part of Vanderbilt attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) parent rating scale (VADPRS) and Conners index of hyperactivity (CIH) were completed by the parents.Children were divided into OSAHS group (n =347) and non-OSAHS (n =104) group according to the diagnostic criteria of OSAHS (AHI ＞ 5).According to VADPRS scores the prevalence of attention defect tendency in OSAHS group was 6.63％ (23/347),which was significantly higher than that in non-OSAHS group [1.00％ (1/104),x2 =5.100,P ＜ 0.05];the prevalence of hyperactivity in OSAHS and nonOSAHS groups was 6.92％ (24/347) and 1.92％ (2/104),respectively (x2 =3.672,P ＞ 0.05).According to CIH scores,the prevalence of hyperactivity in OSAHS group was 11.24％ (39/347),which was significantly higher than that in non-OSAHS group [1.92％ (2/104),x2 =3.976,P ＜0.05].Children with OSAHS are prone to have problems of attention and hyperactivity,even likely to have attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders.

Objective To investigate the behavioral problems,intellectual ability and executive functioning characteristics as well as their correlations in children with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods 60 children with BIF,60 children with ADHD and 60 typical developing children (TDC) participated this study.Parental report measures of behavioral problems were administrated using the Conners' Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) and Achenbach Children Behavior Checklist Scale (CBCL).All the participants performed the Chinese Revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC) and a neuropsychological test named integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA-CPT).Comparison of cognitive profiles and correlation between psychological features were carried out to test the differences and commons among the groups.Results (1) Behavioral problems:the children with BIF had higher scores(3.68±2.85) in withdrawal factor than the children with ADHD (2.82±2.24) and TDC (1.03± 1.59).The children with ADHD had higher scores in conduct,impulsivity,aggressive and delinquent behavior than the children with BIF and TDC.The children with BIF/ADHD had higher scores in learning,anxiety,depression,somatic complaint and hyperactivity than the TDC.(2) Executive functioning:the children with BIF had more visual omission error (12.17± 10.48) than the children with ADHD (6.95±7.20) and TDC (2.33±2.48).The children with BIF and ADHD had lower auditory accuracy and higher visual reaction time,visual/auditory response variability,visual/auditory misrepresentation and auditory omission numbers than the TDC.These was no group difference in auditory reaction time.(3) Correlation analysis:intellectual ability was correlated with behavior problems and neurophysiological index such as conduct,learning,impulsivity,anxiety,depression factors,visual/auditory accuracy,visual reaction time and visual/auditory response variability.Conclusion BIF and ADHD are associated with poor executive functioning and increased behavior problems.The cognitive deficit may be a marker of vulnerability of poor academic and social outcomes in children with BIF and/or ADHD.

AIM: To compare the effects of hypoxia on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), iNOS and eNOS mRNA in cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells (UVECs) obtained from Tibetan and Han. METHODS: UVECs were obtained from native Tibetan and immigrant Han, respectively and cultured under hypoxia conditions (0.5% oxygen) for 2 h, 4 h, 12 h, and 24 h and normoxic conditions. VEGF, iNOS and eNOS mRNAs were detected with methods of RT-PCT. RESULTS: VEGF and iNOS mRNAs were up-regulated while eNOS mRNA depressed by hypoxia similarly in Tibetan and Han UVECs. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the changes of VEGF, iNOS and eNOS mRNA expression are common pathways in the mechanisms of hypoxic responses.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Qianlie Huichun on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in prostate tissues and expound its anti-prostatomegaly action in model rats with prostatic hypertrophy induced by injected testosterone.

METHODSA total of 60 male rats were eventy randomized into six groups. All were gelded except the normal control group. After a week, the gelded rats were injected with testosterone(4 mg/kg/d), meanwhile the first group were fed with a small dosage of Qianlie Huichun(0.4 g/kg/d), the second group with a medium dosage(0.8 g/kg/d), the third group with a large dosage(1.6 g/kg/d), and the fourth group injected with estriol(2.5 mg/kg/d), all for a month. The fifth group were model controls, and the sixth the normal controls, both fed with the same amount of pure water for a month. Then all the six groups of rats were killed and their prostate glands were resected for the examination of the expression rate of VEGF by immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSThe difference of VEGF expression between Qianlie Huichun groups and the model group was significant(P < 0.01), and so was it between the medium and large dosage middle, large amount of Qianlie Huichun groups and the estriol group(P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONQianlie Huichun depressed the VEGF expression of the prostate gland in model rats, and the expression rate decreased with the increased amount of the drug, which shows that Qianlie Huichun has a definite therapeutic effect on prostatic hypertrophy by depressed the vascular growth of the vessel in the prostate gland.

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Prostate ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis

Objective Based on the theory of"gut-brain",this study explored the effect of acupuncture on the gut microbiota and central inflammation in migraine model rats,in order to explore the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of migraine from the perspective of"gut-brain".Methods The migraine rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of nitroglycerin.They were randomly divided into a model group and an acupuncture group,with 6 rats in each group,and a control group with 6 rats for conventional binding and fixation.Before modeling and on the 1st,5th,and 9th days after modeling,each group used electronic VonFrey to measure the plantar mechanical pain threshold of rats.After the experiment,Elisa was used to detect the expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in the central trigeminal spinal nucleus of the rats in each group.Three-generation Pacbio full-length microbial diversity sequencing was used to perform 16S full-length rDNA sequencing on each group of fecal samples to detect the operational taxonomic unit(OTU)clustering and its abundance,Alpha diversity index,Beta diversity index,species among the samples in each group.differences in abundance.Results In migraine model rats,plantar mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased(P<0.01),central IL-6 and TNF-α contents were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the structure and abundance of gut microbiota were abnormal.change(P<0.01).Continuous acupuncture treatment can significantly increase the plantar mechanical pain threshold in migraine rats(P<0.01),regulate the diversity of gut microbiota in migraine rats,increase Lactobacillus murine,and reduce the abundance of Lactobacillus enterobacteriaceae.degree(P<0.05),and decreased the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the central nervous system of migraine model rats(P<0.01).Conclusion Acupuncture can exert the"gut-brain"anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of acupuncture in the treatment of migraine by regulating the gut microbiota structure and the expression of central IL-6 and TNF-α inflammatory factors in migraine model rats.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:The clinical Data, polysomnography (PSG) and cognitive function examination results of 112 OSA children admitted to Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from January 2019 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the severity of OSA, the children were divided into mild, moderate and severe OSA groups, and the basic demographic characteristics, sleep parameters and ADHD occurrence were analyzed. According to the results of ADHD examination, the children were divided into ADHD group and non-ADHD group, and the basic demographic characteristics and sleep parameters were analyzed. Taking these parameters as independent variables, binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to establish the model equation for predicting the risk of OSA associated ADHD among children.Results:Grouped by OSA severity, among the three groups, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) [3.70 (2.84, 5.47) vs 8.59 (7.50, 9.54) vs 19.48 (15.83, 25.23)], obstructive apnea index (OAI) [1.31 (0.93, 1.82) vs 3.03 (1.54, 4.41) vs 11.69 (8.53, 15.42)], obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) [2.82 (1.81, 3.64) vs 6.17 (5.58, 7.26) vs 15.68 (13.12, 21.25)], and respiratory event-related arousal index [0.50 (0.25, 1.05) vs 1.25 (0.70, 2.23) vs 2.40 (1.60, 4.70)] increased, minimum pulse oxygen saturation (SpO 2) [90.00 (88.00, 92.00) vs 87.00 (83.00, 90.25) vs 81.00 (76.00, 85.00)] decreased, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The non-rapid eye movement (NREM)1 period time ratio of the severe OSA group was significantly longer than that of the mild OSA group, while the average SpO 2 was significantly lower than that of the mild OSA group; the NREM3 period time ratio of the moderate and severe OSA group was significantly less than that of the mild OSA group; the arousal index of the severe OSA group was significantly greater than the mild or moderate OSA group. There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups in gender, age, body mass index, sleep efficiency, rapid eye movement (REM) period time ratio, and NREM2 period time ratio (all P>0.05). Mild OSA group had 10 cases of ADHD (17.54%), moderate OSA group had 7 cases (23.33%) of ADHD, severe OSA group had 9 cases of ADHD (36.00%), and the difference was not statistically significant. Grouped by ADHD examination, the AHI, OAI, OAHI, and NREM1 period time ratios of the ADHD group were significantly higher than those of the non-ADHD group, while the sleep efficiency, minimum SpO 2 and NREM3 period time ratio were significantly lower than those of the non-ADHD group. The Logistic regression analysis suggested that ADHD was correlated with sleep efficiency, minimum SpO 2, and NREM3 period time.The established Logistic regression equation was: X=15.670+0.061×(sleep efficiency)-0.212×(minimum SpO 2)-0.144×(NREM3 period time ratio), the sensitivity and specificity of the model prediction were 84.6% and 79.1% respectively when the area under the receiveroperating characteristic curves was 0.867. Conclusions:OSA and ADHD in children have a certain correlation. Sleep structure disturbance and intermittent hypoxia may be important reasons. The predictive model equations obtained by PSG in this study can be used to assess the risk of ADHD in children with OSA.