Objective To evaluate the difference between gallbladder polys,gallbladder adenomas and gallbladder cancer by sonography.Methods The imaging features were analysed including 571 patients with gallbladder polys,30 with gallbladder adenomas,109 with gallbladder cancer.Results The lesion diameter,echogram,color signals,maximum velocity(Vmax) and the resistive index(RI) were difference between Polys,Adenomas and cancers of gallbladder.When RI withinlesions lower than 0.65 was adopted as diagnostic criteria of gallbladder cancer,the specificity of the ultra-sound in diagnosis of gallbladder cancer were respectively.Conclusion Color Doppler flow imaging was useful in the differential diagnosis of gallbladder polypoid lesions in combination with gray-scale sonography.

Objective: To investigate the effects of nursing interventions on mood in patients with coronary heart disease, who performed after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods:Retrospective analysis of all patients who Performed PCI in Shunyi District Hospital in 2012. Results: All patients during in the examination room underwent psychological care and transporting in progress of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative, which reduced surgical complications and adverse reactions, meanwhile increased surgical success rate. Conclusion:Psychological care and intervention can effectively reduce the feeling of discomfort and anxiety in patients during surgery of coronary intervention, which is an important part of the modernphysical-psychological-socialmedical model.

Approximately one-quarter of ischemic stroke occurred in vertebrobasilar artery system. Atherosclerotic vertebrobasilar artery stenosis is one of the major causes of posterior circulation stroke. In addition to the conventional medical and surgical treatment, endovascular intervention has received more and more attention, and it has become the most promising therapeutic approach.

[Objective]To explore the surgical management and its results of intercondylar fracture of humerus through approach of osteotomy of olecranon(AOO) with dual anatomical steel plate DASP.[Method]From July 2002 to March 2006,26 patients of intercondylar fracture of humerus were treated surgically through AOO,and the fracture was reduced and fixed with DASP.The patients were 19 males and 7 females with a mean age of 35 years (range 15～46 years),According to Riseborough and Radin classification,type Ⅱ fracture was found in 6 cases,type Ⅲ in 18,type Ⅳ in 2.Early rehabilitation exercises was taken.[Result]Twenty-five fractures were satisfactory reduced but one not too good,none had incision infection,injuries of the ulnar nerve.Twenty-two patients were followed up from 6 months to 19 months(average 13.5 months),of these 22 patients,all the osteotomies healed in 17 weeks averagely(range 14～24 weeks) and the injuried ulnar nerve recovered completely.The function of the elbow(according to Cassbaum scale) showed excellent in 5 cases,good in 13,fair in 3 and poor in 1.the good-excellent rate was 81.8%.[Conclusion]The technique of DASP for the treatment intercondylar fracture of humerus through transolecranon approach offers many advantages,such as sufficient exposure easy to get anatomical reduction,stable fixation and earlier exercise.

Objective To detect the initial results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) after failure of internal fixation of femoral neck fractures and investigate the key points in surgical procedures and prosthesis selection.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 36 cases who had THA for femoral neck fractures due to the initially failed internal fixation between January 2007 and December 2012.There were 21 males and 15 females,with age ranging from 46 to 72 years (mean,58.6 years).After internal fixation,13 cases were complicated by femoral head necrosis,eight fracture nonunion,and 15 fracture nonunion combined with femoral head necrosis.All the 36 cases had cementless THA,including proximally fixed stem in 25 cases and distally fixed stem in 11 cases.Harris hip score was assessed before operation and at follow-up.Results All the cases received a follow-up of 26-52 months (mean,32.5 months).Mean Harris hip score improved from 26.3 to 83.6,including excellent results in 12 cases,good in 22,and fair in two,with excellence-good rate of 94％.Conclusion With respect to the failed internal fixation of femoral neck fractures,THA is an effective remedial method to improve hip function and quality of life of the patients.

Objective To explore surgical methods of removing polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG) and the right time of repairing the deformity of breast after removing PAHG.Methods We operated with endoscopy to remove PAHG through the lower mammary areolar incision.According to injection influence,we made the dicision whether to put the silicon gel prosthesis (hereafter referred to as prosthesis) simultaneously,and to fix the porsthesis,and to rebuild the imframammary fold of breast using biological repair membrane (hereafter referred to as membrane).Results In all 46 patients,39 patients' injection and their envelope were removed entirely.7 patients left part of the envelope because of its thin and wide characters.14 of them accepted prosthesis augmentation mammaplasty simultaneously and 5 of these accepted membrane repair.4 patients received prosthesis augmentation in stage Ⅱ.All patients' incision were primary healing.The incision scars were not obvious.1 patient with breast cancer suffered breast excision; 1 patient who received prosthesis and membrane simultaneously appeared prosthesis displacement after 3 months and fixed again.1 patient who received membrane appeared hydrops in residual cavity,and the membrane was removed finally.Conclusions This method with endoscopy through mammary areolae is necessary for cleaning PAHG entirely.We can use prosthesis to repair the deformity of breast after removing PAHG,and if necessary use membrane to fix the implant and rebuild the inframammary fold of the breast.

OBJECTIVE To explore the comprehensive endoscopic management to prevent hospital infection and reduce the incidence of infection in hospitals. METHODS According to the characteristics of the endoscopy,the quatitative evaluation of endoscopic examination management was included in the inspection and implementation system. RESULTS During quantitative evaluation in the past three years,there were no outbreaks of epidemics and the quantitative evaluation improved year by year. CONCLUSIONS Endoscopy management,leadership attention and support are the keys to ensure effective measures of co-management and quantitative evaluation.

OBJECTIVEThis study investigated the influence of different designs and porcelain/glaze firing on the marginal and internal fit of three kinds of computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) zirconia ceramic implant-supported crowns.

METHODSThree groups of zirconia ceramic implant-supported crowns with different designs were produced from copings by using a Cercon CAD/CAM system (n = 8). The first two groups comprised double-layer crowns (zirconia coping + veneer) with regular (Group A) and full circumferential zirconia-collar marginal designs (Group B). The third group was composed of anatomic single-layer zirconia crowns without cores (Group C). Initially, the marginal and internal gaps of the copings and crowns were individually replicated by light-body silicon and then measured by micro-computed tomography scanning before and after porcelain/glaze firing. Five measurements were employed: vertical marginal gap (MG); horizontal marginal discrepancy (HMD); chamfer area (CA); axial wall (AW); and axial-occlusal transition area (AOT). Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS 17.0.

RESULTSHMD measurements in Group A were statistically higher than those in Groups B and C (P < 0.05), regardless of whether the values were obtained before or after porcelain/glaze firing. By contrast, the HIMD measurements in Groups B and C showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). Moreover, no differences were noted in MG, CA, AW, and AOT among the three groups (P > 0.05). All the measurements in the three groups showed no significant change after porcelain/glaze firing (P > 0.05), except for MG in Group A, which significantly decreased (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe marginal fits of the double-layer crowns with full circumferential zirconia-collar and the anatomic single-layer zirconia crowns were superior to that of the double-layer crowns with regular margins. The MG of the crowns with regular margins was obviously influenced by porcelain firing.

ObjectiveTo explore the projections of the long descending propriospinal tracts to lumbar enlargement. Method　Anterograde tracing with cupric-silver staining. 10 animals were injected b biotinylated dextran in the upper cervical cord. Following survival times of 14 days, projections of the long descending propriospinal tracts were immunohistochemically demonstrated in the lumbar enlargement.Results　The degenerated terminals and labeled terminals were found in the bilateral gray matter of the lumbar enlargement, but predominantly ipsilaterally. The terminals were widely distributed in laminal Ⅴ-Ⅸ, heavily Ⅶ and Ⅷ. Conclusion　The long descending propriospinal tract from the upper cervical cord projects to the lumbar enlargement.

Objective To investigate the influence of cognitive training on patients with Alzheimer's disease. Methods 30 patients received cognitive function training based upon drug treat-ment. Patients were assessed with mini- mental state examination (MMSE) and functional independence measure(FIM) before and after treatment, the results went through t test. Results After training, cog-nitive function and self- care ability after treatment greatly alleviated compared with those before train-ing. Conclusions Cognitive training can improve cognitive function and self- care ability of patients with Alzheimer's disease and facilitate their life quality.