Objective To examine the distribution of Malassezia species in follicular contents and perifollicular superficial skin in patients with Malassezia folliculitis and search for its causative agent. Methods A total of 120 patients with Malassezia folliculitis were investigated. Follicular lesions at three different anatomic sites were selected in each patient. Perifolliclar superficial skin specimens were taken by sterile adhesive tape, and the follicular contents of the same follicle were taken by sterile haemostatic forceps. The above specimens were cultured respectively on media containing rapeseed oil. The isolated colonies were identified by their physiological and morphological characteristics. Results Out of 319 isolates obtained from the perifollicular superficial skin, 247 isolates (77.43%) were identified as M. sympodialis, 40 isolates (12.54%) as M. furfur, 27 isolates(8.46%) as M. globosa and 5 isolates(1.57%) as M. obtusa. Out of 314 isolates obtained from follicular contents, 252 isdates(80.25%) were identified as M. globosa, 57 isolates(18.15%) as M. sympodialis, 4 isolates(1.27%) as M. furfur, and 1 isolate(0.32%) as M. obtusa. There was statistical difference in species distribution between the follicular contents and the perifolliclar superficial skin (P

The development and present situation of high power and luminous flux LED is introduced. The feasibility of high luminous flux LED in the field surgery illumination is analyzed in detail. Then the realizable plans are discussed separately from device, driving circuit, optical system and mechanical system.

Objective To investigate the distribution of Malassezia species in lesional and non-lesion-al sites of patients with pityriasis versicolor(PV),species-variation in different anatomic sites and in lesions with different pigmentation,and the relationship between various Malassezia species and severity and age of PV patients.Methods A total of629skin specimens taken by sterile adhesive tape from the lesions and non-lesional skin were inoculated on media containing rapeseed oil in113patients with PV.Isolated colonies were identified to species based on physiological and morphological characteristics.Results The isolation rates of Malassezia spp.were not significantly different from both lesions and corresponding non-lesional skin.Among non-lesional sites,the isolation rate was significantly higher in forehead and trunk than that in upper and lower extremities.Five species were identified out of565strains obtained from the patients,including M.sympodialis(44.78%),M.furfur(32.94%),M.globosa(11.68%),M.obtusa(5.84%)and M.restricta(4.76%).Two dif-ferent species were isolated simultaneously from27sites.There was no obvious difference in species distribu-tion patterns between lesions and non-lesional sites.M.restricta was isolated from forehead exclusively.Species-variation was closely linked to lesions with different pigmentation and the age of patients,not to the severity of disease.Conclusion There is neither statistical difference of Malassezia isolation rate and species distribution between lesions and non-lesional skin,nor correlation between disease severity and species-varia-tion.The anatomic sites,the diversity of pigmentation pattern and the age of patients seem to be associated with different Malassezia species.

Objectives To compare the difference between multipoint inoculation and routine method for isolation of pathogenic fungi from nail samples of onychomycosis,and to analyze the epidemiology of pathogenic fungi in those patients.Methods The nail clipping samples from each patient were inoculated onto the plates with Sabouraud's agar,Sabouraud's agar without cycloheximide and medium containing rapeseed oil,respectively,by an approach of at least seven inoculating points in each plate (multipoint inoculation),and onto medium slope in tubes with the same media as above mentioned (routine method).In the multipoint inoculation method,plates with more than 3 colonies were taken for further identification of pathogenic fungi based on morphological and biochemical properties.Results Based on the data from 150 samples of onychomycosis,significant differences were found between multipoint inoculation method and routine method (P

Diagnostics is the bridge of basic medicine and clinical medicine.Teaching method with the idea of evidence-based medicine is benefit to cultivate the students' ability on clinical practice.To establish this educational mode,teachers should learn a teaching method guided by ideas of evidence-based medicine,and students should be taught a tool for solving clinical problems with ideas of evidence-based medicine.

This article was aimed to study the correlation between iron content inCornus officinalis leaves and its yield as well as quality. The method of microwave digestion atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the content of iron element inCornus officinalis leaves. HPLC was used to determine the content of loganin and ursolic acid in fruits. Correlation analysis was made among the content of iron element, yield of fruits, loganin and ursolic acid in fruits. The results showed that iron element in leaves of different yield level cornus officinalis was different. It also had some correlation with yield and quality of fruits. It was concluded that the research can improve relations of source-sink inCornus ofifcinalis, adjust source-sink balance, guide farmers to master the period of spraying iron fertilizer, and increase production and quality ofCornus ofifcinalis.

Objective: To explore the current status and predictive factors of frailty among community-dwelling old adults. Methods: A total of 1 012 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above in Sichuan Province were enrolled and investigated by self-made general condition scale, Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB), 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC-10), Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale Short-form(GDS-15). Results: (1) The prevalence of frailty was 30.73%.(2) There were significant differences in the frailty scores of community-dwelling older adults in terms of gender, education, marital status, living condition, spouse support, children support, family economic conditions, self-perceived health status, number of chronic diseases, body mass index, number of falls in the past year, exercise state and sleep time at night(all P<0.05). (3) The frailty (3.72±2.88) was significantly positively correlated with depression (2.69±2.58; r=0.58, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with the scores of balance ability(3.28±1.01), walking speed(2.92±1.05), chair rise test(2.92±1.27), strength of resilience(13.99±3.57) and MMSE(23.71±5.55) (r=-0.33-0.43, P<0.01). (4) Depression (β=0.416, P<0.001), the number of chronic diseases(β=0.219, P<0.001), balance ability(β=-0.166, P<0.001), spousal support(β=-0.089, P<0.01), strength of resilience(β =-0.097, P<0.01), family economic status(β=0.093, P<0.01) and gender(β=0.082, P<0.01) significantly influenced frailty, with a combined explanation variance of 45.9%. Conclusions The rate of frailty of community-dwelling old adults is high, which is influenced by physiological, psychological and social factors.Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive model of multi-disciplinary cooperation to carry out frailty intervention in community.

Objective To investigate the resilience characteristics of the elderly disabled,and the effects of individual,family and social factors on resilience.Methods A total of 138 disabled older adults from four districts of Chengdu City were investigated by 10 items Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CDRISC-10),the automatic thoughts questionnaire (ATQ),self esteem scale (SES),revised eysenck personnality questionnaire short scale for chinese(EPQ-RSC) and self-made population sociology questionnaire.Totally 194 community-dwelling older adults without disabilities,as a comparative population,were included in the analysis.Results Compared with the community-dwelling elderly without disability (35.58 ± 5.75,18.13±3.48,18.43±3.08),the scores of resilience(21.38±7.71),strength(10.50±4.08) and hardiness (10.88±4.07) of the elderly disabled were significantly lower(t=-19.56,-17.81,-18.34,P＜0.01).There were no significant differences in the resilience scores of the elderly disabled in terms of gender,urban and rural sources,marital status,education,disability level and family atmosphere.However,there were significant differences in age,disability causes,disability type and family economic conditions (age:thardiess =2.18,P＜0.05.disability causes:tresilience =-2.75,tstrength =-2.22,thardiness =-2.68,P＜0.05.disability type:Fhardiness =2.60,P＜ 0.05.family economic conditions:Fresilience =5.45,Fstrength =4.78,Fhardiness =5.21,P＜0.01).The resilience,automatic thoughts,self-esteem and personality were significant correlation with each other(r=-0.16-0.65,P＜0.05).After controlling age,disability causes,disability type and family economic conditions,self esteem(β=0.291,P＜0.01),extraversion (β=0.287,P＜0.01) and neuroticism (β=-0.254,P＜0.05) were important influential factors of resilience,explained 32.0％ variance in resilience.Conclusion It may be an important way to improve resilience level of the elderly disabled by enhancing their selfesteem,promoting their psychological adjustment and strengthening their emotional management.

Objective To investigate the influence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on efficacy of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Methods Seventy-eight subjects with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HBV co-infection and 156 subjects with HIV mono-infection were included.CD4+ T cell count,HIV viral load,HBV-markers and liver functions were routinely tested.The differences in survival rate,as well as immunological and virological responses between the two groups (HIV/HBV co-infection group and HIV mono-infection group) during cART were compared.Categorical data were compared by Chisquare test,measurement data were compared by t test,and measurement data with abnormal distribution were compared by Mann-Whitney test.Results At month 42 of cART,HIV RNA levels and CD4+ T cell counts of the two groups were comparable.However,at month 48,54 and 60 of cART,the immunological and virological responses of HIV/HBV co-infection group were less favorable than those of HIV mono-infection group.At each time point of month 12,24,36,48 and 60 of cART,3 out of 13 subjects with HIV/HBV co-infection maintained hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)loss; the HBeAg seroconversion rates were 32.1％ (9/28),50.0％ (14/28),53.6％ (15/28),64.3％ (18/28) and 71.4％ (20/28),respectively (x2 =10.189,P=0.037) ; HBV DNA negative rates were 95.1％ (39/41),82.9％ (34/41),68.3％ (28/41),43.9％ (18/41) and 43.9％ (18/41),respectively (x2 =29.982,P=0.000); liver dysfunction rate was 32.1 ％ (25/78),51.4％ (38/74),33.8％ (22/65),47.9％ (23/48) and 6.7％ (3/45),respectively (x2 =28.053,P=0.000).Mortalities in HIV/HBV co-infected and HIV mono-infected individuals were 24.4％ (19/78) and 5.1 ％ (8/156),respectively (x2 =18.841,P＜0.01).Sixteen out of the 19 deaths (84.2 ％) in HIV/ HBV co-infected subjects died of end stage liver diseases.Conclusions HBV co-infection diminishes the long term efficacy of cART.End stage liver diseases are the primary cause of death in HIV/HBV co-infected subjects during cART.

Objective To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of human papillomaviruses (HPV)infection among human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive women.Methods Totally 178HIV-positive and 122 HIV-negative women were enrolled.Structured interviews,peripheral CD4 + T cells counts and cervical specimens were obtained.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assay was used to identify HPV types. SPSS 16.0 was used for statistical analysis,and logistic regression was used to identify independent prognostic factors for high-risk HPV infection. Results HPV positive rate,high-risk and multiple HPV infection rates were 38.2% vs.12.3% ,35.4% vs.8.2% ,and 13.5% vs.3.3% in HIVpositive women and HIV-negative women,respectively,and the differences were of statistical significance (x2 =24.77,29.08 and 8.91,P ＜0.05).The common types of high-risk HPV were similar between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women(HPV16,52,58 and 18).CD4 + T count ＜ 350/pL,HIV-positive in husband,and HIV infection through sexual contact were risk factors for high-risk HPV infection in HIV-positive women.Conclusion sThe prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-infected women is high,especially for high-risk HPV infection and multiple infection.High-risk HPV infection usually occurs in HIV-positive women with low immune status,HIV infection through sexual contact and HIV-positive husband.