Objective To compare the clinical features of patients with myasthenia gravis at various age groups,and to evaluate the therapeutic effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor alone,acetylcholinesterase inhibitor plus corticosteroid and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor plus thymectomy in children,young adults,and elderly patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).Methods The clinical data of 300 MG patients admitted to the department during the same period were reviewed retrospectively.The patients with MG were divided into three groups based on the age of disease onset:childhood group (age≤14,n=77),young adult group (age=15～59,n=183) and elderly group (age≥60,n=40).The clinical features of MG patients in various age groups were compared including the incidence,sex ratio,initial symptoms,clinical classification,positive rates of neostigmine test and repetitive nerve stimulation,and thymic abnormalities.Furthermore,the therapeutic effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor alone,acetylcholinesterase inhibitor plus corticosteroid,and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor plus thymectomy were investigated.Results The most common ages of MG onset were ranged from 15 to 59 years (young adults group).With increase in age,the incidence of MG lowered in females,while in males it became higher.Extra ocular muscles involvement as the initial symptom was higher in children and elderly patients than in young adults.The limb muscles involvement as the initial symptom was more common in young adults group.About 72.73% patients in childhood group were classified as type Ⅰ,while type ⅡB was the most commonly seen in young adults group (55.74%) and elderly group (50.00%).No significant difference was found among the three groups in the positive rates of neostigmine test and repetitive nerve stimulation.In childhood group,hyperplastic thymus was commonly observed,while thymoma was more common in elderly group.The therapeutic effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor alone were better in childhood group than in the other 2 groups (P0.05).The therapeutic effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor plus thymectomy was most satisfactory in childhood group,less satisfaetory in elderly group and paorest in young adults group ( P

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of minocycline for acute retrograde pulpitis (ARP) and its ef fects on pain.METHODS:One hundred (100 teeth) ARP patients in Hospital of Qingdao Agriculture University and the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College during Jan.-Oct.in 2015 were divided into observation group and control group according to random number table,with 50 cases in each group (50 teeth).Control group was given root canal therapy of Formaldehyde cresol formocresol solution;observation group was given was given root canal therapy of Minocycline hydrochloride cream.Both groups were re checked 3 days later,and therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after 5 month follow-up;pain score,IL-2 and TNF-α levels were ob served before and 3 d after treatment,and the occurrence of ADR was recorded in 2 groups.RESULTS:The total response rate of observation group was 98.00％,which was significantly higher than 86.00％ of control group,with statistical significance (P＜ 0.05).There was no statistical significance in percussion pain score,mobility score,IL-2 and TNF-αt levels between 2 groups before treatment (P＞0.05).Three days after treatment,percussion pain score,mobility score,IL-2 and TNF-α levels of 2 groups were significantly decreased;the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical significance (P＜ 0.05).There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups (P＞ 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Minocycline shows significantly therapeutic efficacy for ARP,and can effectively improve pain symptoms with good safety.

Cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) during sleep is a kind of cyclic oscillation of EEG pattern in non-rapid eye movement sleep(NREM sleep), which reflects microstructure of sleep. It has been identified that CAP plays an important role in keeping the integrity of sleep. The purpose of the interview is to introduce the recording, identification, physiological meaning and clinic implication of CAP.

objective To compare the clinical characteristics of early-onset and late-onset myasthenia gravis(MG).Methods A total of 819 MG patients admitted in our department during the sanle period were reviewed retrospectively.The patients with MG were divided into two groups by the age of onset, which were the early-onset MG(＜49 years)and late-onset MG(≥50 years).Several clinical features were compared in the two groups including the percentage, initial symptoms, MG types,the positive rates of neostigmine test and repetitive nerve stimulation, thyroid function and thymie abnormalities. Results The more common onset age of MG was 0-49 years(early-onset).In both groups the male and female ratio was presented as the most common type in both groups(41.51%and 51.37% respectively in early-onset and late-onset groups).Type Ⅰ was more common in early-onset group while typeⅡB Was more common in lateonset group(P＜0.05).There Was no significant difference in the positive rates of neostigmine test and repetitive nerve stimulation between the two groups.The thyroid function alnormality ratio was higher in early-onset group. Hyperplastic thymus was common in early-onset group(67.57%)while both hyperplastic thymus and thymoma were common in late-onset group(48.68% and 47.37%).Conclusions The clinical characteristics of early-onset and late-onset myasthenia gravis(MG)Was different in MG type, the positive rate of thyroid function abnormalities and thymic pathologic type.

Objective To observe the neuroprotective effect of arcaine,an antagonist of receptor of N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) and(or) channel complex polyamines site,on cerebral ischemia.Methods Forty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group,ischemia model group,24h preoperative group,1h preoperative group and 1h postoperative group.Acute cerebral infarction model was reproduced in rats of the latter four groups with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) using ligature method.Once the ischemia model was successfully established,rats in the latter three ischemia model groups were given arcaine(3mg/kg) at 24h and 1h before operation and 1h after operation,respectively,while normal saline(0.4ml/kg) was injected to the rats in the control group.Neurological function behavior and cerebral infarct volume were assessed,and pathological features of brain tissue were observed under light-and electron microscope.Results Neural function scores of the rats in 24h preoperative group,1h preoperative group and 1h postoperative group were 1.25?0.46,1.33?0.50 and 1.40?0.58,respectively,which were significantly different from that in ischemia model group(2.63?0.52,P

The primary etiopathology of pediatric OSAHS includes tonsil or adenoid hypertrophy. Severe OSAHS contributes to or aggravates thoracic deformity, which is rarely reported. In the current report, This children sleep snoring more than 4 years, increasing with thoracic severe depression during sleep 2 days. Clinical examination indicated tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy, and polysomnography revealed OSAHS . The symptoms of OSAHS and severe inhalation-related sternum depression disappeared rapidly after tonsillectomy. Our findings indicated that OSAHS were the major causes underlying funnel chest in children. The rarity of the incidence may result in missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Polysomnography was recommended for the child diagnosed with funnel chest accompanied by upper airway stenosis.
Adenoids ; pathology ; Child ; Funnel Chest ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Palatine Tonsil ; pathology ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; diagnosis ; Snoring ; Tonsillectomy

During the period of 11th Five-Year Plan,the Natural Science Foundation of China Peking University First Hospital acquired has improved in the total amount and project types.An analysis was made on the status of grant application and support in Peking University First Hospital as well as on the management method of the grant,offering some suggestions for the general hospitals on the management and development of Natural Science Foundation.

Objective To isolate and observe Pityrosporum yeasts from a patient with onychomycosis. Methods The involved nail specimens were investigated by means of culture, pathological and scanning electron microscopic examination and 20% KOH preparation. Results Physical examination showed that each finger and toe nail appeared brownish black, rough and thick, some of the fore part of the nail plate detached from the nail bed. Fingernail specimen's culture results showed that Trichophyton rubrum grew on Sabouraud's dextrose agar and Pityrosporum ovale grew on the medium containing rapeseed oil. The pathological examination revealed P.ovale yeast involvement in the fissure of the nail plate. Under the scanning electron microscopy, a lot of P.ovale yeasts with characteristic collarette structure inserted in the nail tissue was noticed. In the 20% KOH preparations of nail incubated at 56℃for 1h and stained with Quink Parker ink, spores and hyphae were identified morphologically with P.ovale and T.rubrum respectively. The patient received intermittent pulse therapy with itraconazole, the color of the nails became much brighter 1 to 2 months after the fourth cycle of therapy, but no further improvement was observed afterwards. P.ovale and T.rubrum grew again 6 months after treatment when the clippings of the fingernail were cultured. Conclusion This is the first document of onychomycosis related with P.ovale in China.

Objective To study the morphological,biologic response of cultured human keratin ocytes to Candida albicans and the molecular mechanism.Methods ①A yeast form of C.albicans was added t o a monolayer of keratinocytes.The adherent organisms were observed by scanning and transmission electron mi-croscope at different incubation periods.Boiled C.albicans and latex beads of a similar size(3.2?m)were also inoculated for comparison.②The effect of supernatant from the co-culture of keratinocytes with inta ct C.albicans on keratinocyte growth was measured by the fluorescence intensity and cell count.③Keratinocytes were incubated with C.albicans or latex beads,and the level of cytok ine in the keratinocytes and supernatant were measured with enzyme -linked im munosorbent assay kits.Results①The number of adherent C.albicans increased with the lapse of time,whi le boiled C.albicans did not adhere at all.Many latex bead s adhered to the keratinocytes,and were then easily phagocytised.Fibril -like structu res stretched from the keratinocyte s adhered to the organisms or latex beads.②The conditioned medium of 50%concen tration significantly promote cell growth,while that with boiled C.albicans or latex beads moderately stimulate d keratinocyte growth.③Ker-atinocytes treated with intact C.albicans had significantly higher level of IL-1?in the supernatant but lower in the cell extract.Both TGF -?and bFGF increased either in the medi a or in the extract.Conclusion These results suggest that keratinocytes have non -specific phagocytic activ ity.C.albicans are able to adhere to ker-atinocytes and stimulate the release of various cytokines from keratinocytes,which may induce an inflammatory reaction and cell growth.

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction that results in brief periods of breathing cessation (apnea) or a marked reduction in airflow (hypopnea) during sleep. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by revesible air-flow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. This article reviewed related reseaches progress of relationship between the obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrom and asthma in the vascular endothelial growth factor, systemic inflammation, leptin, obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease and upper airway diseases, excessive daytime sleepiness and asthma control.
Asthma ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Obesity ; Respiration ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A