Objective To explore whether the dopamine D1 and D2 receptors were involved in pathogenic mechanism of Parkinsonian mice induced by paraquat. Methods The models of Parkinson's mice were induced by oral paraquat. The levels of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor proteins and the expression of receptor mRNAs in striatum were examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively. Results Mice treated by oral paraquat (10mg?day -1 ?kg -1 ) for four months displayed marked hypoactive behavior. The levels of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor proteins in the striatum were significantly decreased by 28% and 29%, respectively (P

Objective The clinical effect of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in the treatment of senile cataract.Methods120 cases of senile cataract patients in September 2014 ~2016 year in December in our hospital, were randomly divided into two groups: the observation group after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation, the control group was treated with small incision non phacoemulsification extracapsular cataract extraction.In the comparison of two groups.ResultsAfter treatment, the observation group was 0.5~0.9 the proportion of 51.7%, visual acuity>1 the proportion of 6.7% were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05);the complication rate of observation group was 43.3% lower than the control group 61.7%, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionPhacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in senile cataract patients can effectively improve patients' visual acuity, control the occurrence of complications, and the prognosis is good.

BACKGROUND: Since the discovery of the fact that activin can promote the survival of retinal neurocyte in chicken,the effects of activin in nervous system receives recognition. As discovered recently,hippocampal activin βA mRNA expression up-regulates in multiple brain injury animal models including ischemia and hypoxia; however,the change of activin βA mRNA expression after epilepsy is waiting for investigation.OBJECTIVE: To observe hippocampal activin βA mRNA expression at different time point after pilocarpine (PC) -induced epilepsy in mouse to explore its mechanism.DESIGN: A randomized controlled experimental study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Department of neurology in a university affiliated hospital and the institute of neurology in a university.MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Institute of Neurology of Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University and the Department of Pathology of Shanghai Medical College between November 2001 and July 2002. Totally 168 eight to ten-week old healthy male C57BL/6 mice with a body mass between 20 g and 25 g were obtained from Shanghai Experimental Animal Center,Chinese Academy of Science.INTERVENTIONS: 350 mg/kg(10 g/L) of PC was injected into the abdominal cavity in the mice of study group,in which 1 mg/kg of scopolamine (SC) was injected at 30 minutes before the injection of PC to antagonize its peripheral cholinergic reaction. Status epilepticus(SE) model mouse was the mouse with continuous mgoelonus or generalized seizure of rigid clonus that lasted for 1 hour after the injection of PC. Valium(4 mg/kg) was immediately injected after the modeling to terminate seizure. Same dose of Valium was injected into non-SE(NSE) mice after 1.5 hours of PC injection. Saline was used to replace PC to inject into mice of control group,and the rest disposals of control group were as same as that of study group. SE mice,NSE mice and control mice were randomly divided into six subgroups including 0hour,1 hour,3 hours,6 hours,24 hours and 48 hours subgroups according to the time point after modeling with 6 mice of each subgroup(mice of NSE group and subgroups of 0 hour time point were not included into analysis of hybridization in situ).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hippocampal activin βA mRNA expression of different time point in SE mice and NSE mice were observed by RT-PCR; the distribution of hippocampal activin βA mRNA expression at different time points in mice were observed by hybridization in situ.RESULTS: There was no significant change of hippocampal activin βA mRNA expression at different time point in mice of NSE group and control group. In SE group,activin βA mRNA(0.49 ± 0. 11) had a transient significant decrease at the beginning(0 hour),which rapidly returned to control level(0. 74 ±0. 13) at 1 hour(0.73 ±0. 12) . Activin βA mRNA continuously increased and reached (0.97 ±0. 24) at 3 hours,(1.34 ±0. 19) at 6 hours,maintained (0.98 ±0. 17) until 24 hours,and decreased to (0. 83 ± 0.09) at 48 hours afterwards,which was slightly higher than control level. Compared with control group,the increases at 3 hours,6 hours and 24hours were significant( t = 2. 668,6. 289,2. 916,P ＜ 0. 001 - 0. 05). The significant up-regulation of activin βA mRNA expression was occurred earliest in hippocampal CA2 and DG regions at 3 hours after SE,and the significant expressions also could be seen in CA3 region after 6 hours. There were expressions in only CA2 and CA3 regions after 24 hours,while there were very few positive cells in CA2 region after 48 hours.CONCLUSION: PC-induced SE could significantly up-regulate hippocampal activin βA mRNA expression,while NSE has no such up-regulative effect. The up-regulation of hippocampal activin βA mRNA expression might be an endogenous protective effect of neuron on antagonizing excitatory injury.

Purpose To investigate the influence of paraquat on substantial nigra and doparine levels ofstriatum in C57BL mice. Methods 39 neonatal C57BL mice were randomly divided into 5 groups andwere given paraquat or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine(MPTP) orally in 10 th and 11 thdays odl; ( 1 ) MPTP 0.3 mg/kg, n = 8; (2) MPTP 20 mg/kg, n = 8; (3) paraquat 0.07 mg/kg, n = 8; ( 4 )paraquat 0.36 mg/kg, n = 8; (5) normal saline, n = 7. Adult spontaneous motor activity was observed atages of 120 days, then the mice were decapitated and the contents of dopamine(DA), serotonin(5-HT), andtheir metabolites in striatum were analyzed. Meanwhile, the dopamine neuons at the mesencephalon vereobserved by the method of ABC immunohistochemistry. Results Mice given Paraquat 0.36 mg/kg andMPTP 20 rng/kg showed a marked bypoactive behavior and reduced the striatal contents of DA andmetabolites without affecting 5-HT. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the amount of dopamineneurons at the midbrain decreased. Conclusions C57BL mice exposed to great amount of paraquat duringthe neonatal period could yield the alterations of behavior and some pathological and biochemical changessimilar to parkinson disease.

Objective To explore surgical methods of removing polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG) and the right time of repairing the deformity of breast after removing PAHG.Methods We operated with endoscopy to remove PAHG through the lower mammary areolar incision.According to injection influence,we made the dicision whether to put the silicon gel prosthesis (hereafter referred to as prosthesis) simultaneously,and to fix the porsthesis,and to rebuild the imframammary fold of breast using biological repair membrane (hereafter referred to as membrane).Results In all 46 patients,39 patients' injection and their envelope were removed entirely.7 patients left part of the envelope because of its thin and wide characters.14 of them accepted prosthesis augmentation mammaplasty simultaneously and 5 of these accepted membrane repair.4 patients received prosthesis augmentation in stage Ⅱ.All patients' incision were primary healing.The incision scars were not obvious.1 patient with breast cancer suffered breast excision; 1 patient who received prosthesis and membrane simultaneously appeared prosthesis displacement after 3 months and fixed again.1 patient who received membrane appeared hydrops in residual cavity,and the membrane was removed finally.Conclusions This method with endoscopy through mammary areolae is necessary for cleaning PAHG entirely.We can use prosthesis to repair the deformity of breast after removing PAHG,and if necessary use membrane to fix the implant and rebuild the inframammary fold of the breast.

Patients with gastrointestinal diseases are more likely to exhibit malnutrition. Nutritional support is needed for those who are with malnutrition or at risk. Nutritional support can be categorized into enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition. With the widely application of nutritional support,more and more attention has been paid on its role in gastrointestinal diseases. It not only can improve the nutritional status,but also can alleviate the clinical symptoms to some extent and improve prognosis,which makes it a kind of extremely important treatment modality for gastrointestinal diseases. In this article,the advances in study on nutritional support of gastrointestinal diseases were reviewed.

Objective To analyze the distribution of prostate diseases in the elderly in Beijing, and explore the clinical value of ultrasound in the detection of prostate diseases Methods Prostatic diseases were screened by transrectal ultrasonography by PHLIIPS iU22. The distribution of prostate diseases was compared between the elderly and the middle-aged. Results Benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic stone, prostate cyst and prostatitis accounted for 70.7%, 31.1%, 14.2% and 1.5% in elderly group, respectively, and the corresponding data were 33.7%, 13.0%, 4.5% and 9.1% in middle-aged group, respectively. They showed a statistical significance between the groups (P＜0.05). Benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic stone and prostatitis were associated with age (P＜0.05). The incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic stone increased sharply with increasing age by Spearman correlative analysis (P＜0.05), and the prostatitis decreased with ageing (P＜0.05). Conclusions Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic stone were the very common prostate diseases in the elderly, and their incidence grows with the age. It has great clinical value to use transrectal ultrasonography in the detection of prostate diseases.

Objective To investigate the effects of Xuebijing injection on the transcription factors GATA-3 and T-bet of rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Method The rat models of CPR was made by using asphyxia method. Thirty SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into three groups at random: sham operation rats (B group), conventional CPR rats (C group) and Xuebijing (4 mL/kg) treated rats (D group). The levels of serum IL-12, IL-4, TNF-α and IFN-γ were measured by using ELISA. The expressions of T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA in serum were detected by RT-PCR. The analysis of variance was used to compare the means of different groups including t-test and Wilcoxon test. Results Compared with group B, the levels of serum IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ in group C and group D were significantly elevated after CPR for 6 hours (P<0.01). In group C, the expression of GATA-3 mRNA and GATA-3/T-bet decreased (both P < 0.05), while the expression of T-bet mRNA increased (P<0.01) after CPR for 6 hours. In group D, the expressions of GATA-3 mRNA and T-bet mRNA as well as GATA-3/T-bet increased after CPR for 6 hours. The levels of IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α in group D were lower than those in groupC (P<0.01). Compared with group C, the expression of GATA-3 mRNA and GATA-3/T-bet were significantly elevated and the expression of T-bet mRNA decreased in group D. ConclusionsThe transcription factors GATA-3 and T-bet may fail to get balance after CPR. The Xiebijing injectio can modulate the balance between GATA-3 and T-bet, and the levels of IL-12,IFN-γ and TNF-α.

ObjectiveTo estimate the value of transthoracic coronary flow Doppler imaging to detect coronary flow reserve (CFR) changes in patient with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA). Methods Fifty patients with OSA who hospitalized or were outpatient in Aerospace 731 Hospital during the period of 2010 March to 2013 December were enrolled in this study and were divided into three groups according to apnea hypopnea index (AHI). Eighteen cases of patients which AHI was greater than 5 and less than 20 were defi ned as mild group, 16 cases of patients which AHI was more than 20 and less than 40 were defi ned as middle group, 16 cases of patients which AHI was greater than 40 were defi ned as severe group. The diastolic peak velocity (PDV) and meanfl ow velocity (MDV) of the distance segment of left anterior descending coronary (LAD) were measured by transthoracic echocardiography at rest and after intravenous infusion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Meanwhile, CFR was calculated. Forty healthy persons were chosen as control group. Thettest was used to compare the difference of PDV, MDV and CFR between OSA group and healthy controls. The single factor analysis of variance was used to compare the difference of PDV, MDV and CFR in patients with different AHI. SNK -q test was used to compare in different OSA groups. Thet test was used to compare the difference of PDV, MDV among OSA group, healthy control and OSA groups with different AHI at rest and after intravenous infusion of ATP.ResultsCoronaryfl ow velocity Doppler signals were successfully obtained in all the groups. PDV ([92.78±7.68] cm/s) and MDV ([85.93±6.98] cm/s) after intravenous infusion of ATP in control group were significant higher than those at rest ([28.09±4.55] cm/s and [21.76±5.09] cm/s) (t=49.687 and 58.259, bothP<0.001). PDV ([82.73±6.91] cm/s) and MDV ([77.39±6.73] cm/s) after intravenous infusion of ATP in OSA group were signifi cant higher than those at rest ([29.93±3.66] cm/s and [22.28±4.15] cm/s) (t=55.381 and 47.700, bothP<0.001). There was no statistically signifi cant difference between PDV and MDV at rest in OSA group and control group. The difference of PDV and MDV between OSA group and normal group was statistically signifi cant after intravenous infusion of ATP (t=6.524 and 5.884, bothP<0.01). There was no statistically signifi cant difference between OSA groups with different AHI at rest. There were statistically signifi cant difference between OSA groups with different AHI after intravenous infusion of ATP (5≤AHI<20:t=-32.903 and-32.771, both P=0.000; 20≤AHI<40:t=-37.122 and-32.623, bothP=0.000; AHI>40:t=-28.197 and-20.184, both P=0.000). PDV and MDV of patients with AHI>40 were less than those of patients with 5≤AHI <20 and 20≤AHI<40 and the differences were statistically signifi cant (PDV:q=21.048 and 15.667, bothP<0.05; MDV:q=12.958 and 18.182, bothP<0.05). However, the differences of PDV and MDV was not statistically signifi cant between patients with 5≤AHI<20 and patients with 20≤AHI<40.The CFRmax and CFRmean in OSA group were lower than those in control group (t=5.310 and 6.430, bothP=0.000). There were statistically signifi cant difference for CFRmax and CFRmean in patients with different AHI and the difference decreased with severity of OSA increased. The CFRmax and CFRmean in patients with 5≤AHI<20 were higher than those in patients with 20≤AHI<40 and AHI>40 (CFRmax:q=2.889 and 4.142, bothP<0.05; CFRmean:q=3.080 and 4.204, bothP<0.05). There was no statistical signifi cant difference for CFRmax and CFRmean between patients with 20≤AHI<40 and patients with AHI>40.ConclusionsIn patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, transthoracic coronaryfl ow imaging combined with intravenous infusion of adenosine triphosphate shows impaired in CFR. It means the patients with OSA have a coronary artery microcirculation impairment in early stage. Assessing CFR in the patients with OSA is of important clinical value for the evaluation of treatment effective of medicine and surgery and follow-up.

Objective To explore the mechanism of mesenteric lymph duct ligation relieving hepatic injury in rats by two-hit of hemorrhage and LPS.Methods Forty-five Wistar rats were divided into three groups: ligation group,non-ligation group and sham group,and the two-hit model was established by hemorrhage and LPS,mesenteric lymph was blocked by ligating mesenteric lymph duct in ligation group.After 24 hours of operation,took out the liver for pathological section,and the hepatocellular apoptosis rate was determined by method of TUNEL,the expression of BCL-2 and BAX protein was determined by immunohistochemical test.At the same time,taking out liver for homogenate of 10 percent,the activity of MPO and ATPase and the contents of TNF-? and IL-6 were determined in hepatic homogenate.Results After two-hit,the hepatocellular apoptosis rate and expression of BAX protein in non-ligation group were significantly increased as compared with sham group and ligation group,and expression of BCL-2 protein was significantly lower.The contents of MPO,TNF-? and IL-6 in hepatic homogenate of non-ligation group were significantly increased than that of sham group,and the activity of ATPase in hepatic homogenate was significantly lower.But the ATPase in hepatic homogenate of ligation group were significantlyincreased and MPO,TNF-? and IL-6 in hepatic homogenate of ligation group were significantly lower as compared with non-ligation group.Conclusion The mechanism of mesenteric lymph duct ligation relieving hepatic injury of rats was related to the mesenteric lymph blockage reduces the TNF-? and IL-6 and improves the expression of BCL-2 protein and the activity of ATPase in liver.