Cognitive impairment in diabetes ( CID) is one of the complications of diabetes .The features of mild or moderate cognitive disorder and the decread abilities in memory and studying are the main symptoms of CID .But it′s mechanism is still un-known .NF-κB is the original signal activator , it can activate other signal pathway of cell dysfunction .With the influence of hyperglyce-mia and oxidative stress, the expression of NF-κB is enhanced, that leads to the changes of the expression of NOS , MMP-9, TNF-α, then, these changes lead to the apoptosis of hippocampus neuron cell .This review focuses on NF-κB in order to provide evidences in studying CID by reviewing the relationship between NF-κB and it′s relative factors of NOS, MMP-9, TNF-αand CID.

Objective To explore the effect of the meteorologic factors on air pollution in the summer in Xian, China. Methods The data of SO2?NO2 and PM10 concentrations in the air and the related meteorologic factors [maximum temperature(tmax), minimum temperature(tmin), average air pressure(P) and relative humidity(H)) from April 1st to June 30th in 2005 were collected. The correlation between the air pollutant level and related meteorologic factors was analyzed by the elements time diagram and multiple regression models with SPSS 11.0 software. Results A significant correlations between the meteorological elements and air pollutants was seen, the regression models for air pollutants were as follows, lnSO2=-3.352+0.019 tmax-0.026 tmin, lnNO2=-3.448-0.003H+0.012 tmax-0.015 tmin and lnPM10=-2.197+0.011 tmax-0.021 tmin. Conclusion The meteorologic factors have some effects on the air pollution levels and then impact human health in some degree.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical application of vancomycin in a cancer hospital in order to promote the rational use of vancomycin. Methods:The records of 66 patients treated with vancomycin in 2015 were reviewed and analyzed in the respects of in-dications of medication, pathogenic examination, usage and dosage, course of treatment, drug combination, drug monitoring and drug utilization index(DUI). Results:Among the 66 cases, most drug use was rational, which accounted for 69. 70% with DUI of 0. 82. There were still several types of irrational drug use including no medication indications, irrational usage and dosage, too long or too short course of treatment, irrational combination and prophylactic use time. Conclusion:The application of vancomycin is basically ra-tional, while irrational phenomenon still exists. The management and supervision should be further strengthened in order to promote clinical rational drug use and ensure medication safety of patients.

Objective To evaluate the effect of deferoxamine on learning and memory ability in aged rats.Methods Forty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 18 months,weighing 450-550 g,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =21 each) using a random number table:normal saline group (group N) and deferoxamine group (group D).In group D,deferoxamine 150 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 6 consecutive days,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group N.Morris water maze test was conducted at 2 h after each injection on that day,lasting for 6 days.The escape latency,swimming speed,time of staying at the original platform quadrant and time spent in the central region were recorded.Hippocampal ferritin expression was detected by Western blot before the first administration and at 2 h after 3rd and 2nd administration.Results Compared with group N,the escape latency was significantly shortened,and the percentage of the time of staying at the original platform quadrant and time spent in the central region was increased,the expression of hippocampal ferritin was down-regulated,and no significant change was found in the swimming speed in group D.Conclusion Deferoxamine can enhance the learning and memory ability in aged rats,and reduced iron deposition in hippocampi is involved in the mechanism.

Functional experiment plays an important role in understanding the mechanisms of diseases and principles of diagnosis and treatment. It requires students to master basic skills of func-tional operation, and complicated disciplines of functional alteration as well. Thus functional experi-ment needs to be an open course. The use of the virtual reality (VR) and real-time recording tech-niques provides potential for this exploration. By the way of real-time recording system, HD video of experiment operation is played, which helps guiding students to learn basic experiment skills; while based on the development status of VR technology, it is more applicable for learning by oneself, such as preview before the class and review for the test, and furthermore, the advantage of VR technique will be more apparent, if the key development focuses on experiment extensions to disclose more compli-cated functional alterations. This new technique helps to improve teaching effects of functional experi-ment.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of paclitaxel and docetaxel in plasma to provide refer-ence for the individualized treatment regimen and the evaluation of curative effect and adverse reactions. Methods:Paclitaxel and do-cetaxel were used as the internal standard for each other. The samples were precipitated by acetonitrile and separated on a DikMA Dia-monsil C18 column with a mixture of acetonitrile-water (55: 45) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1. 2 ml·min-1 . The column temperature was set at 25℃. Paclitaxel and docetaxel were detected by UV-detection (λ= 227 nm). Results: A linearity was ob-tained within the range of 0. 078-10. 0 mg·L-1 for paclitaxel and docetaxel. The limit of quantitation was 0. 039 mg·L-1 . The aver-age recovery of paclitaxel and docetaxel was 99. 85% and 100. 35%, respectively. The inter- and intra-day RSD were both less than 5% and the RSD for freeze-thaw stability was below 10%. The plasma concentration of paclitaxel in clinical samples was within the range of 0. 18-6. 16 mg·L-1 and obvious individual difference was shown. Conclusion:Therapeutic drug monitoring is very important due to the obvious differences in plasma concentration of paclitaxel and docetaxel. The established method is sensitive, accurate, con-venient and rapid in r the therapeutic drug monitoring, and is useful for the adverse drug reactions monitoring and pharmacokinetic study.

Objective To explore the relationship between homocystine(HCY) and diabetic nephropathy and uremia in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods 20 cases with type 2-DM,20 cases with incipient diabetic nephropathy and 17 cases with uremia were collected.The plasma levels of HCY were measured by FPIA,the fasting blood sugar were measured by standard automated clinical chemistry laboratory methods.The plasma levels of HCY were compared with each other with t test.Results The plasma levels of HCY between the type 2-DM and diabetic nephropathy were significantly different,(26.16?12.31)?mol/L vs (8.79?3.51)?mol/L,P

Objective To investigate the roles of oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in patients with chronic renal failure(CRF).Methods 63 CRF patients were divided into non-dialysis group and hemodialysis group and 27 healthy volunteers were involved in the study.The levels of plasma malondialdehyde(MDA) were determined by thiobarbituric acid reaction,the activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSHPx) was mearsured by spectrophotometry,plasma nitric oxide(NO),high-sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),endothelin-1(ET-1) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-? were determined by sensitive enzyme-linked imunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Levels of plasma MDA,hs-CRP,IL-6,TNF-?and ET-1 in CRF patients were higher than those in healthy controls,while NO,GSHPx were lower than those in healthy controls and hemodialysis aggravated these changes.Multivariate stepwise regressive analysis showed that ET-1,vWF and NO were related to MDA,TNF-?,hs-CRP,Cr(R2=0.502,0.631,0.476,respectively,P

Objective To investigagte the effect of high dose folic acid(FA) combined with vitamin B_(12) to homocysteine plasma level in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients.Methods 52 MHD patients were randomly divided into 4 groups,receiving of FA 0,15,30,60mg/d orally for 3 months and those who receiced folic acid were given vitamin B_(12) 500?g/d,im.The levels of plasma FA,vitamin B_(12) and total homocysteine(tHcy) at 0,1,2,3,6 month were detemined by radioimmunoassay and flurescence polarization immunoassay respectively.Results Levels of tHcy in MHD patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls.Both high dose and low dose FA could lower tHcy plasma concentrations,but had no significant difference in homocysteine reduction ratio,and could not normalize it.Three doses of FA combined with vitamin B_(12) treatment could effectively increase the plasma FA and vitamin B_(12) concentrations.Conclusion tHcy is elevated in the majority of MHD patients.Low dose of FA combined with vitamin B_(12) can decrease tHcy plasma levels,but cannot normalize it.

Objective:To analyze the prophylactic use of antibiotics during the perioperative period of typeⅠincision operation in a cancer hospital in order to promote the safe, effective and rational use of antibiotics. Methods:The rationality of 480 cases of typeⅠincision operation from January to December in 2013 and from January to December in 2014 was evaluated respectively, and the analy-sis and comparison were performed on the prophylactic use of antibiotics. Results: Through the pharmaceutical intervention including the special evaluation carried out by clinical pharmacists, the use of antibiotics gradually reached the rational level. Conclusion: The participation of clinical pharmacists in the use management of antibiotics in typeⅠincision operation can improve the rationality of the drugs used in clinic.