Surfactants are employed widely in household and industryial products wordwide.Everyday millions pounds surfactants and their products are dispersed into soil, water, food and human body that posing a threat to human health. The paper expatiated on the topic that the threats of surfactants on food safety with arguments as: acute toxicity, genetic toxicity, estrogenic effects, bioconcentrate and so on. At last, the article emphasized it is essential to have comprehensive study on the surfactants toxicity and influence on food safety.

During the period of 11th Five-Year Plan,the Natural Science Foundation of China Peking University First Hospital acquired has improved in the total amount and project types.An analysis was made on the status of grant application and support in Peking University First Hospital as well as on the management method of the grant,offering some suggestions for the general hospitals on the management and development of Natural Science Foundation.

Objective To compare the influence of the continuous airway humidification with microp-ump and the discontinuous dripping technique on patients. Methods Randomized grouping method was adopted, 25 cases with tracheotomy in the observation group used continuous airway humidification with micro-pump, 24 cases in the control group used dripping technique via airway for airway humidification. The two groups were compared retrospectively. Results The oxygen saturation rate in the observation group increased compared with that of the control group, sputum callus formation, irritating cough, airway bleeding and pul-monary infection was significantly lower than those of the control group. Condusious The effect of continu-ous airway humidification with micro- pump is superior to the traditional method of inconsistent endotracheal dripping, the former can also decrease nursing workload of airway humidification.

Objective To combine the active poly lactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanosperes with adriamycin in side (ADM-NP) on the surface of ultrasound micrbubbles in covalent bonding and to prepare a novel drug-loading ultrasound micrbubble,and observe the physicochemical property.To quantify drug encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading amounts and drug-release properties in vitro and the effect of tumor imaging.Methods ADM-NP were prepared with double emulsification method,The surface carboxyl of ADM-NP was activated with carbodiimide method.Amino ultrasound microbubbles (MB-NH2) were prepared with mechanical shaking.The carboxyl of ADM-NP and the MB-NH2 could take place condensation reaction under a certain condition.Light microscope was used to observe the shape and distribution of the novel micrbubble.High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify drug encapsulation efficiency and drug loading amounts.This novel microbubbles were put in 2 dialysis bag to observe the releasing properties of ADM in vitro,and one of the bag was using low frequency ultrasound irradiation for 120 s.The effect of tumor imaging using this novel microbubble was observed.Results After 48 hours,a number of ADM-NP attacted to the MB-NH2 like a gar land.Determination of entrapment efficiency and drug loading of it by HPLC weare (86.11 ± 6.76)％ and (8.71 ± 0.46)％.The sustained release in vitro can last for more than 48 hours.More than 90％ of ADM encapsulated in the 2 groups was sustained released for 48 hours.And the release characteristics of the 2 groups in vitro was in accord with Higuchi equation,and no difference was observed in the 2 groups (P ＞0.05).The tumor showed typical enhancement pattems of quick wash-in and quick wash-out.Conclusions To combine the nanospheres to the surface of microbubbles with covalent bonding,it could prepare a novel efficient drug-loading microbubbles for a original technique of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction(UTMD).

Currently,surgical treatments in tennis elbow include open,arthroscopic and percutaneous procedures.Open surgery,having definite curative effects,is commonly used.There are different surgical methods based on different hypotheses about the pathogenesis of tennis elbow,such as detachment of common extensor origin,resection of annular ligament,denervation surgery and resection of microvascular nerve bundle.There is a huge difference in open surgery of tennis elbow between China and abroad.Debriding or releasing extensor carpi radialis brevis and common extensor tendon are mostly used abroad though it remains controversial whether we should release or debride with tendon,as well as whether it is better to decorticate on lateral epicondyle or not.In China,tennis elbow is treated with resection of microvascular nerve bundle except for debridement and release of tendon.As for evaluation criteria,the following methods,grip strength,grading system and visual analogue scale have been used in researches.However,cure rate and response rate are valuation criteria for resection of microvascular nerve bundle in China.The evaluation criteria are different among various surgical methods,even in the methods,especially for grading system.Each research has unique standards to define excellent,good,fair and poor outcomes.Complications of tennis elbow open surgery are rare,while subcutaneous hematoma is the common complication.

Hormones and epigenetic characteristics in a patient with clinically diagnosed adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) were analyzed. Results indicated that plasma ACTH increased, while cortisol, testosterone, LH and FSH decreased. LH, FSH and testosterone did not sufficiently respond to GnRH or hCG stimulation. Gene analysis indicated that C368F mutation was located in exon 1 of DAX-1 gene.

BACKGROUND:The carriers made from biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric materials represent an exciting approach to increase the bioavailability and stability of oral y administered insulin by the chemical reaction or physical encapsulation of insulin.
OBJECTIVE:To mainly review the research progress of the material types, preparation methods, physicochemical characteristics, in vitro release kinetics, and bioavailability of polymeric materials adopted as oral insulin carriers.
METHODS:The first author searched PubMed, Elsevier and CNKI databases for articles (2002-01/2013-02) concerning the polymeric materials and oral insulin carriers with the key words of“polymeric biomaterials, oral insulin, carrier”in English and in Chinese.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Currently, there are mainly two kinds of polymeric biomaterials used for oral insulin delivery systems, that is, natural polymeric biomaterials (such as chitosan and alginates) and synthetic polymeric biomaterials. The most commonly used synthetic polymeric materials for the preparation of these vehicles are polyesters, polyacrylates and their copolymers, which are wel known for their good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and physiological properties. Although researchers have tried to develop promptly oral insulin formulation using various technologies, the reports about clinical application or commercial success have not been seen because of several questions such as polymer material as a carrier, the lower bioavailability of insulin, the quality standards and stability of the formulation. Hence, future studies wil focus on the development of a new type of polymer-based material as carriers by choosing the new materials or modifying physical and chemical characteristics of existing polymers, to avoid gastrointestinal destruction of the insulin and increase bioavailability of insulin in the body, so as to obtain the good control ed release rate and effect.

Objective To synthesize a photoacoustic contrast agent loaded with gold nanorod and liquid perflurocarbon which was used to observe its photoacoustic imaging in vitro,and then investigate the variation of the photoacoustic signal during and after the vaporization.Methods The PLGA nanoparticle (GNP)loaded with gold nanorod(GNR) and liquid perflurocarbon was synthesized via double emulsion technology.The experiments were divided into three groups:1)GNP group:PLGA nanoparticle loaded with gold nanorod and liquid perflurocarbon; 2) GNR group:gold nanorod ; 3) control group:PLGA nanoparticle unloaded with gold nanorod.A pulsed laser system was used to trigger the three samples.The photoacoustic image and time-signal intensity kinetics were acquired by the photoacoustic microscope.The optical microscope was used to observe the image after the vaporization.Results The gold nanoparticle was successfully prepared,the average size of the gold nanoparticle was 504.9 nm.after triggered by the pulsed laser system,the vaporized image of the GNP group could be observed by the optical microscope.The photoacoustic signal was detected in both GNP and GNR groups,and the signal intensity increased along with the concentration of the GNR.However,the photoacoustic signal of PLGA group was not detected.The photoacoustic signal kinetics of GNP group showed a descending trend from high signal amplitude to steadystate.The GNR group photoacoustic signal kinetics only showed a steady-state signal amplitude.Conclusions The PLGA nanoparticle loaded with gold nanorod and liquid perflurocarbon emerged a phase transient which produces a strong photoacoustic signal after triggered by pulsed laser system.This kind of phenomenon leads the nanoparticle to be a better photoacoustic contrast agent and lays a foundation for in vivo research and photothermal therapy in vivo.

Objective To study on the characterization of MICA/B genetic polymorphism in a northern Chinese Hunan Han population.Methods Ninty-five unrelated individuals were involved in this study and MICA/B genotypes were determined by two methods:PCR-sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) and PCR-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT).Results In northern Hunan Han population,eleven MICA alleles were found,among which MICA * 010 (28.95％),MICA * 008 ∶ 01 (20.53％) and MICA * 002 ∶ 01 (15.79％) were the common alleles.Five MICA-STR(short tandem repeat) alleles were found,among which MICA * A5 (37.89％) and MICA * A5.1 (21.05％) predominated.In this population,ten MICB alleles were found.The common alleles were MICB * 005 ∶ 02/* 010 (58.42％),MICB * 002 ∶ 01 (10.00％),and MICB * 008 (7.89％).Two kinds of MICA-MICB haplotypes were MICA * 004-MICB * 004 ∶ 01 and MICA * 010-MICB * 005 ∶ 02/010 in significant linkage disequilibrium.This study also showed MICA/B gene with high polymorphism in different populations.Conclusion MICA/B alleles distribution in northern Hunan Han population with its unique characteristics.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of 1126 cases of malignant lymphoma in our hospital from 2005 to 2009. Methods Age, sex, pathological classification, onset locus and clinical staging of the malignant lymphoma were analyzed and summed up, based on the data of the malignant lymphoma patient information in hospital case database from 2005 to 2009 and excluded the cases as pathology was not sure and the repeated cases. Results A male:female ratio of malignant lymphoma in inpatient was 1.94:1. The majority of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) manifested in 20-40 years old, mixed cellularity (64.16 %) and nodular sclerosis (29.48%) was most common. The majority of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) manifested in 50-70 years old, the most common pathological classifications were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (53.31 %), extranode nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma (7.35 %), mantle cell lymphoma (6.40 %), B chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small B-cell lymphoma (4.30 %), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (4.09 %), precursor T cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (3.88 %), peripheral T cell lymphoma but not otherwise specified (3.46 %), angioimmunoblastic lymphoma(3.04 %), follicular lymphoma(2.94 %), Burkitt lymphoma (2.52 %). The onset locus of both HL and NHL most often involved lymph nodes of the cervical region. Conclusion The gender, age, pathological classification, onset locus and clinical staging of malignant lymphoma were different between HL and NHL.